MATHEMATICS

IN THE
MODERN WORLD
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS
IN NATURE AND THE WORLD

PROF. MAEKEE VILLANUEVA-DIA

What is Mathematics?
 Some says it is a study of numbers and
arithmetic operations
 A science of logical reasoning, drawing
conclusion from assumed premises or
strategic reasoning
 It is a tool or a collection of skills that helps
us answer the question- “How many?” or
“How much”
 MATH is UNIVERSAL
 It is all around us in our daily lives.
Objective:
At the end the of the lesson, the students
will be able to:

 identify the patterns in nature

 list and determine the different types of
patterns in nature
 give examples on patterns in nature
PATTERNS
Can define as:

• Regular
• Repeated
• Recurring forms or design
• Natural patterns include symmetries, trees, spirals,
meanders, waves, foams, tessellations, cracks and
stripes
• Helps to find logical connection to form
generalization and identify relationships
• It can help to make a prediction
What do you think will be the
fourth figure?
What number comes next?

1. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, ___

2. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ____
3. 13, 20, 27, ___
4. 2, 8, 13, 17, 20, ____
5. -25, -15, 0, 20, 45, ____
 Patterns in nature are visible regular
forms found in the natural world.
 Patterns are regular, repeated or
recurring forms of designs
 The patterns can sometimes be
modeled mathematically and they
include symmetries, trees/fractals,
spirals, meanders, waves, foams,
tessellations, cracks and stripes.
PATTERNS IN NATURE
Symmetry
It indicates that you can draw an imaginary
line across an object and the resulting parts
are mirror images of each other.
A figure or a design is symmetric if there
is an isometry that maps the figure onto
itself.

...to generate symmetric designs, we need a motif and an

isometry… An isometry is a transformation…
Two types of Symmetry
 BILATERAL SYMMETRY

The butterfly is symmetric about the axis

indicated by the line.
Note that the left and right portions are
exactly the same.
Two types of Symmetry
 ROTATIONAL SYMMETRY

It is the other type of symmetry which

depends on the number of sides and faces
that are symmetrical.
Note that if you will rotate the starfish you
can still achieve the same appearance as
the original position.
PATTERNS IN NATURE
Spiral
A spiral is a curved pattern that focuses on a
center point and a series of circular shapes that
revolve around it.
A spiral shape causes plants to condense
themselves and not take up as much space,
causing it to be stronger and more durable
against the elements
PATTERNS IN NATURE
Fractals/Trees
A fractal is a detailed pattern that looks similar at
any scale and repeats itself over time. A fractal's
pattern gets more complex as you observe it at
larger scales. This example of a fractal shows simple
shapes multiplying over time, yet maintaining the
same pattern. Examples of fractals in nature are
snowflakes, trees branching, lightning, and ferns.
PATTERNS IN NATURE
Tessellation
Tessellations form a class of patterns found in nature. The
arrays of hexagonal cells in a honeycomb or the diamond-
shaped scales that pattern snake skin are natural
examples of tessellation patterns. Distinct shapes are
formed from several geometric units (tiles) that all fit
together with no gaps or overlaps to form an interesting
and united pattern. Tessellating patterns are abstract and
non-representational which makes their interpretation
open to the imagination of all people.
PATTERNS IN NATURE
Meander
A meander
pattern includes a series of
regular sinuous curves,
bends, loops, turns, or
windings in the channel of
a river, stream, or other
watercourse. When a river
shifts its channel within a
valley or it swings from side
to side as it flows across its
floodplain it produces
as meander pattern
 PATTERNS IN NATURE
Waves
 Waves are yet another common
pattern found in nature. Think
about it, waves can be seen
crashing on a beach, at the snap
of a rope or sound traveling
through a speaker.
 Wind waves are sea surface
waves that create the
characteristic chaotic pattern of
any large body of water, though
their statistical behaviour can be
predicted with wind wave models.
 As waves in water or wind pass
over sand, they create patterns of
ripples. When winds blow over
large bodies of sand, they create
dunes,