‫]اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ :[٣٩‬ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪ sDm.

f‬ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪(The sDm.f form of the verb):‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﺿــﻨﺎ ﻣــﻦ ﻗﺒــﻞ ﺑــﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺮﺿــﻲ ﻟــﺼﻴﻐﺔ )‪ (form‬أو زﻣــﻦ )‪ (tense‬ﻟﻠﻔﻌــﻞ )‪ (verb‬ﺣﻴــﺚ ﻳــﻀﺎف اﻟﻔﺎﻋــﻞ‬

‫)‪ (subject‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ورأﻳﻨﺎ أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻳﻜﻮن اﺳﻤﺎً )‪ (noun‬ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن‪ ،‬وﻳﻜﻮن ﺿﻤﻴﺮاً ﻣﺘﺼﻼً )‪ (suffix pronoun‬ﻓﻲ أﺣﻴﺎن أﺧﺮى‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪".‬ﻫﻮ ُﻳﺴﻤﻊ" "‪sDm.f "he hears‬‬

‫‪".‬ﻳﺴﻤﻊ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ" "‪SDm sS "the scribe hears‬‬

‫‪sDm‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻨــﺪ وﺻــﻒ اﻷﺟــﺰاء اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻔﻌــﻞ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻠﻐــﺔ اﻟﻤــﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤــﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺘــﺎد أﺧــﺬ ﻓﻌــﻞ‬

‫"‪" "hear‬ﻳﺴﻤﻊ" ﻛﻨﻤﻮذج؛ وﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﻄﻰ اﻟﺼﺪارة ﻟﻠـﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺚ اﻟﻤﻔـﺮد اﻟﻤـﺬﻛﺮ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﺸﺨﺺ اﻷول اﻟﻤﻔـﺮد‬

‫ﻣﺘﺒﻌﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺷﺮﻧﺎ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ "ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬

‫ﺳﺠﻢ إف" )‪.(sDm.f form‬‬

‫‪(passive‬‬ ‫وﻛﻤــﺎ ﺳــﻨﺮى ﻓﻴﻤــﺎ ﺑﻌــﺪ أن ﺻــﻴﻐﺔ ‪ sDm.f‬ﻳﺒــﺪو أﻧﻬــﺎ ﻗــﺪ ﻧــﺸﺄت ﻓــﻲ اﻷﺻــﻞ ﻣــﻦ اﺳــﻢ ﻣﻔﻌــﻮل‬

‫)‪ participle‬ﻣﺘﺒﻮع ﺑﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺎً إﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﻮر اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ "‪" "heard of him‬ﻣﺴﻤﻮع‬

‫ﻣﻨﻪ" إﻟﻰ "‪" "he hears‬ﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ"‪ ،‬أو "‪" "he heard‬ﻫﻮ ُﺳِﻤﻊ"‪.‬‬

‫‪، .tw‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫وﺗﻜــﻮن ﺻــﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨــﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬــﻮل )‪ (passive‬ﻣــﻦ ﺻــﻴﻐﺔ ‪ sDm.f‬ﺑﺈﺿــﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻨــﺼﺮ‬

‫)‪ ، .t(w‬ﺑﻌـﺪ "ﺟـﺬر اﻟﻔﻌـﻞ" )‪ ،(verb-stem‬ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻓـﻲ اﻷﻣﺜﻠـﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻳﻜﺘﺐ أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎً ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ اﺧﺘـﺼﺎراً‬

‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ُ"".‬ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﻼم" "‪sDm.tw r pn "this utterance is heard‬‬

 ‫‪or‬‬ ‫"ُﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻫﻮ "‪sDm.tw.f "it (i.e. this utterance) is heard‬‬

‫‪).‬أي‪ :‬اﻟﻜﻼم("‬

‫إن اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ‪ .tw‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻨﻜﺮة )‪ (indefinite pronoun‬ﻳﻌﺎدل ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ "‪"one‬‬

‫"أﺣﺪ )اﻷﺷﺨﺎص("‪ ،‬وﻇﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﻴﻦ واﻵﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‪ ،‬وﻣﺜﺎل ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪ُ".‬ﻳﻘﺎل" "‪", "it is said‬ﻳﻘﻮل أﺣﺪ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص" "‪Dd.tw "one says‬‬

‫وﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‪ ،‬اﺷﺘﻘﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻼ ﺷـﻚ‪ ،‬ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ ‪ُ" "he is heard" sDm.tw.f‬ـﻳﺴﻤﻊ"‪ ،‬وذﻟـﻚ اﻋﺘﻤـﺎدا ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم ‪.sDm.f‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳُﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﺄن اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻞ )‪ (suffix pronoun‬اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ .tw‬ﻫﻮ ﺑـﻼ ﺷـﻚ ﻓﺎﻋـﻞ )‪ (subject‬ﺟﻤﻠـﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨـﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬـﻮل وﻟـﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻻً )‪ (object‬ﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم‪ ،‬وإﻻ وﺟﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ )‪ (dependent pronoun‬ﺑـﺪﻻً ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ‪ .‬وﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﻟﻨـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺾ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒـﺎت اﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳـﺔ ﻣﺜـﻞ ‪ iw.tw sDm.tw.f ، Xr.tw sDm.tw.f‬أن اﻷﺻـﻞ اﻟـﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻟـﻢ ﻳﻐـﺐ ﺗﻤﺎﻣـﺎً ﻋـﻦ‬
‫اﻷذﻫﺎن‪.‬‬

‫أي ﻣﺨــﺼﺺ )‪ (determinative‬ﻗــﺪ )ﻳــﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ ﺟــﺬر اﻟﻔﻌــﻞ ‪(verb-‬‬ ‫وﻳﺘﺒــﻊ اﻟــﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘــﺎم‬

‫)‪ ،stem‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪".‬ﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﺮف" "‪rX.tw.f "he is known‬‬

‫أﺻــﺢ ﻣــﻦ‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻓﻘــﺪ ﺗــﺴﺒﻖ اﻟﻤﺨــﺼﺺ أو ﺗﻠﻴــﻪ‪ ،‬وإن ﻛﺎﻧــﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑــﺔ‬ ‫أﻣــﺎ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑــﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘــﺼﺮة‬

‫‪ .‬وﻓﻰ ﻛﻞ اﻷﺣﻮال‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻨﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل ‪ .tw‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺬر اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬

‫وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ اﻟﺼﻴﻎ اﻟﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ‪: sDm.f‬‬

‫"اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم" ‪Active‬‬

‫‪1st sing. c.‬‬ ‫‪".‬أﻧﺎ أﺳﻤﻊ " ‪sDm.i I hear‬‬

2nd sing. m. sDm.k thou hearest (you hear)"‫ "أﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ‬.

2nd sing. f. sDm.T thou hearest (you hear)

ِ ".
"‫أﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﻤﻌﻲ‬

3rd sing. m. sDm.f he (or it) hears "‫" ﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ‬.

3rd sing. f. sDm.s she (or it) hears " ‫"ﻫﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ‬.

1st plur. c. sDm.n we hear "‫"ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺴﻤﻊ‬.

2nd plur. c. sDm.Tn you hear " ‫"أﻧﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﻤﻌﻮن‬.

3rd plur. c. sDm.sn they hear "‫"ﻫﻢ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻮن‬.

Before nouns sDm hears or hear " ... ‫"ﻳﺴﻤﻊ‬.

Indefinite sDm.tw one hears "‫"ﻳﺴﻤﻊ أﺣﺪ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬.

Passive "‫"اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‬

1st sing. c. or sDm.tw.i I am heard ‫"أﻧـﺎ‬

"‫ُأﺳﻤﻊ‬.

2nd sing. m. or sDm.tw.k thou art heard (you

are heard) "‫"أﻧﺖ ُﺗﺴﻤﻊ‬.

2nd sing. f. or sDm.tw.T thou art heard (you

ِ ".
are heard) "‫أﻧﺖ ُﺗﺴﻤﻌﻲ‬

3rd sing. m. or sDm.tw.f he is heard ‫"ﻫـﻮ‬

"‫ُﻳﺴﻤﻊ‬.
‫‪3rd sing. f.‬‬ ‫‪or‬‬ ‫"ﻫـﻲ ‪sDm.tw.s she is heard‬‬

‫‪ُ.‬ﺗﺴﻤﻊ"‬

‫‪1st plur. c.‬‬ ‫‪or‬‬ ‫‪".‬ﻧﺤﻦ ُﻧﺴﻤﻊ" ‪sDm.tw.n I hear‬‬

‫‪2nd plur. c.‬‬ ‫‪".‬أﻧﺘﻢ ُﺗﺴﻤﻌﻮن" ‪sDm.tw.Tn you are heard‬‬

‫‪3rd plur. c.‬‬ ‫‪or‬‬ ‫"ﻫﻢ ‪sDm.tw.sn they are heard‬‬

‫‪ُ.‬ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻮن"‬

‫‪Before nouns‬‬ ‫‪or‬‬ ‫‪sDm.tw is or are heard‬‬

‫‪ُ".‬ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ‪" ...‬‬

‫ُﺣﺬف اﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ )‪ (dual‬ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬إذ أﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻳـﺴﺘﺒﺪل ﻋـﺎدة ﺑـﺎﻟﺠﻤﻊ )‪(plural‬؛ وﻟـﻢ ﻧﺠـﺪ ﻫﻨـﺎك ﺿـﺮورة ﻷن ﻧﺜﻘـﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻴﻎ اﻟﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﺎﻋﻞ )‪ (subject‬ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪ sDm.f‬ﺿﻤﻴﺮاً ﻣﺘﺼﻼً‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺬر اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬أو ﻻ ﻳﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ‬

‫ﺟﺬر اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺎ ﺑـ ‪ .tw‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬـﻮل )‪(passive‬؛ وﻻ ﺗﻨﻔـﺼﻞ ‪ .tw‬ﻧﻔـﺴﻬﺎ ﻋـﻦ ﺟـﺬر اﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‪ .‬وﻣـﻦ‬

‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ )‪ (subject‬اﺳﻤﺎً )‪ ،(noun‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻇﺮوف ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪".‬ﺗﻘﻮل ﻫﻲ ﻟﻪ" "‪Dd n.f "she says to him‬‬

‫"‪Dd. n.f sS "the scribe says to him‬‬

‫"ﻳﻘﻮل ﻟﻪ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ"‪.‬‬
 ‫"ُﻳﻘﺎل ﻟﻪ ﻫﺬا "‪Dd.tw n.f r pn "this utterance is said to him‬‬

‫‪.‬اﻟﻜﻼم"‬

‫"ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ "‪Iw grt ro m pt "now the sun was in the sky‬‬

‫‪.‬اﻟﺸﻤﺲ اﻵن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء"‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ )‪ (agent‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬـﻮل )‪ (passive‬ﻣـﻦ ‪ ، sDm.f‬أو‬

‫"‪"by‬‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗـﻊ ﺑﻌـﺪ أي ﻓﻌـﻞ ﻓـﻲ ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨـﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬـﻮل‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠـﺐ أن ﻳـﺴﺒﻖ ﻧﺎﺋـﺐ اﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ﺑﺤـﺮف اﻟﺠـﺮ‬

‫‪"in‬ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ"‪ .‬وﻣﺜﺎل ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫"‪Dd.tw r pn in s "this utterance is (to be) said by a man‬‬

‫‪)".‬ﻳﺠﺐ( أن ُﻳﻘﺎل ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﻼم ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ رﺟﻞ"‬

‫"ﻣــﻊ" أو "‪"near‬‬ ‫‪ ،Xr‬اﻟــﺬي ﻳﺤﺘﻤــﻞ أن ﻳﻜــﻮن ﻣﻌﻨــﺎﻩ "‪"with‬‬ ‫وﻳــﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺣــﺮف اﻟﺠــﺮ‬

‫"ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻐﺮض‪.‬‬

‫]اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ :[٤٠‬ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪:sDm.f‬‬

‫‪(Meaning of the sDm.f form):‬‬

‫ﻟﻘــﺪ ادﺧﺮﻧــﺎ ﻫــﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﺿــﻮع اﻟــﺼﻌﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻗــﺸﺔ ﺗﻔــﺼﻴﻼً ﻓـﻲ درﺳـﻲ ‪ ٣٠‬و ‪ .٣١‬ورﺑﻤــﺎ ﺟــﺎز ﻟﻨــﺎ أن ﻧﻘــﻮل ﺑــﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺆﻗـﺖ أن ﻣﻌﻨــﻰ ﺻــﻴﻐﺔ ‪ sDm.f‬ﺑﻌﻴــﺪ ﻋــﻦ أي زﻣــﻦ "‪ "tense‬أو ﺻــﻴﻐﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻴــﺔ "‪ "mood‬ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻠﻐــﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳــﺔ‪.‬‬

‫وﺗﺴﺘﺒﺪل ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻴﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ )‪ ،(past tense‬وﻫﻰ ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬

‫‪ sDm.n.f‬اﻟﻴـﻰ ﺳــﺘﺪرس ﻓـﻲ اﻟــﺪرس اﻟﺨـﺎﻣﺲ‪ .‬وﻣــﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤـﺴﻦ ﻓـﻲ ﻇـﻞ اﻟﻤﺘــﺎح ﻟﻠـﺪارس ﻣــﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎت ﺣﺘــﻰ ﻫــﺬﻩ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ أن ﻳﺘﺮﺟﻢ ‪ sDm.f‬ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع )‪ .(present tense‬وﻟﺘﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﺤﺪد‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺪارس اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ؛ وﺳﺒﻖ أن ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬

‫‪ sDm.f‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺒﺮة ﻋﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ )‪ ) (clause of time‬أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺪرس اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ(‪.‬‬

‫‪-١‬ﺗــﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺻــﻴﻐﺔ ‪ sDm.f‬ﺑــﺪون أﻳــﺔ أداﻩ اﺳــﺘﻬﻼﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺒــﺮ ﻋﻤــﺎ ﻳﻤﺎﺛــﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠــﺔ اﻟﻐﺮﺿــﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌــﺔ ‪(clause of‬‬

‫)‪purpose‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﺜﺎل ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪h#b.k sS, Dd.f sXr.k "thou (you) sendest‬‬

‫"ﺗﺮﺳـﻞ أﻧـﺖ اﻟﻜﺎﺗـﺐ ﻟﻌﻠـﻪ ﻳﻘـﻮل "‪(send) the scribe that he may say thy (your) plan‬‬

‫‪.‬ﺧﻄﺘﻚ"‬

‫‪-٢‬أو ﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ أﻳﻀﺎً ﻋﻦ أﻣﻨﻴﺔ )‪ (wish‬أو ﻧﺼﺢ )‪ ،(exhortation‬وﻣﺜﺎل ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫"‪h#b.k sS "mayst thou send (or send thou) the scribe‬‬

‫‪".‬ﻟﻌﻠﻚ ﺗﺮﺳﻞ )أو‪ :‬أرﺳﻞ أﻧﺖ( اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ" ]‪[may you send (or send you) the scribe‬‬

‫"‪" "then‬ﺣﻴﻨﺌــﺬ" أو‬ ‫‪ iX‬اﻟﺘــﻲ ﻳﺒــﺪو أن ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫــﺎ اﻷﺻــﻠﻲ ﻫــﻮ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬إذا ﺳــﺒﻘﺖ ﺻــﻴﻐﺔ ‪ sDm.f‬ﺑــﺎﻷداة‬

‫"‪" "therefore‬ﻟــﺬﻟﻚ"‪ ،‬ﻓــﺈن اﻟــﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺗــﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﻌﺒــﺮ ﻋــﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠــﺔ )‪ (consequence‬ﻣﻘــﺪر ﻟﻬــﺎ أن ﺗﻘــﻊ ﻓ ـﻲ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ )‪ ،(future‬أو ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺮ أﻳﻀﺎً ﻋﻦ ﻧﺼﺢ )‪ (exhortation‬ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻖ ذﻛﺮﻫـﺎ‪ .‬وﻣﺜـﺎل‬

‫ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪iX Dd sr "then the official will say".‬‬

‫"ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺳﻴﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻒ"‪.‬‬

‫‪iX Dd.k n s#.k "then shalt thou (shall you) say to‬‬
‫‪".‬ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺳﺘﻘﻮل ﻻﺑﻨﻚ" "‪thy (your) son‬‬