‫‪nfr.

wy n t# Hwt-‬‬
‫‪Hwt-nTr “how well it goes with the‬‬
‫‪temple (when a certain thing happens).‬‬
‫"ﻛﻢ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻤﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺒﺪ )ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺪث أﻣﺮاً ﻣﻌﻴﻤﻨﺎً"‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻣﻊ‪ ،pw‬وإن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺎدرة ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪Qsn pw n bw ntf im “it goes wretchedly with (lit. it‬‬

‫‪is wretched to) the place where he is”.‬‬
‫"ﺗﺘﻤﻀﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺑﺎﺋﺲ ﻣﻊ )ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪ :‬إﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺋﺴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ل( اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﺬي ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ذات اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺑﻼ ﺷﻚ ﺻﻔﺔ )‪ (adjective‬ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺒﺘﺪأ )‪ (subject‬ﻣﺤﺬوف‪،‬‬
‫‪ sDm.‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ﻣﻦ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺠﺒﻴﺔ ‪ .wy‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ .١٤٥‬وﺗﺒﺪو ﻋﺪم إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻮن ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪sDm.f‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ آﺧﺮ؛ وﻫﻨﺎك ﺳﺒﺐ آﺧﺮ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ .٤٦٧‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ وﺟﻮد ‪ .wy‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﻦ إﻟﻰ آﺧﺮ أﻳﻀﺎ أن اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ ، sDm.‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أﻳﻀﺎ أن ﻧﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد أﻳﺔ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪ n‬ﻋﻦ اﺳﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ‬
‫‪ n +‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪sDm.n.f‬‬
‫ﺟﺪا‪ ،‬أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮات ‪) ٣٨٦‬ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ رﻗﻢ‬
‫‪ sDm.‬ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ً‬
‫‪ .sDm.‬وﺑﺮﻏﻢ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﺸﺄت ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪sDm.n.f‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﺪث ﻣﻊ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪sDm.n.f‬‬
‫‪ sDm.‬اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ وﺻﻔﻲ ))‪،(adjective-verb‬‬
‫‪ .(٢) ٤١١ ،(٣‬أﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ أﺣﺪ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻮك ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ‪sDm.n.f‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪.(٣) ١٤٤‬‬
‫‪ nfr.‬ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪.(١) ٣٥١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ‪nfr.n‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ]‪ :[١٤٢‬اﻟﺰﻣﻦ و اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ذات اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪(Tense and mood in the sentences with adjectival predicate):‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ذات اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻈﺮﻓﻲ )‪ (adverbial predicate‬واﻻﺳﻤﻲ ‪(nominal‬‬

‫)‪ ،predicate‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ زﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺎق اﻟﻜﻼم ﻛﻘﺎﻋﺪة‪ .‬وﻗﺪ أوردﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮات‬

‫‪ nfr.‬اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪،١٤١‬‬

‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذات ﻣﻌﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع واﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬أﻣﺎ ‪nfr.n‬‬

‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪) wnn‬راﺟﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﻴﻦ ‪ (١١٨ ،١١٧‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺪود ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫‪ iw‬و‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﻦ‬

‫اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪ (adjectival predicate‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ )‪ (subject‬ﺿﻤﻴﺮا ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎً‬

‫)‪ .(dependent pronoun‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪He‬‬ ‫‪has‬‬ ‫‪reached‬‬ ‫‪old‬‬ ‫‪age‬‬ ‫‪serving‬‬ ‫‪the‬‬ ‫‪Pharaoh,‬‬

‫‪iw nfr sw m p# hrw r sf “while he is‬‬

‫‪better to-day than yesterday”.‬‬
‫" ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ أرزل اﻟﻌﻤﺮ وﻫﻮ ﻳﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻮن‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺲ"‪.‬‬

‫‪mk wnn nDm sy Hr ib.f “behold, it will be‬‬

‫‪pleasant in his heart”.‬‬
‫"أﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﺑﺎﻋﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺮور ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ"‪.‬‬

‫‪wn.in nfr st Hr ib.sn “thereupon it was agreeable‬‬

‫‪in their hearts.‬‬
‫"ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﻮﺑﻬﻢ"‪.‬‬

‫‪ sDm.‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ wnn‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﻴﻦ ‪.٤٧٠ ،(١) ٤٢٩‬‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪in.f‬‬
‫‪sDm.in.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ ‪ + iw‬ﺻﻔﺔ )‪ ،n + (adjective‬أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ .٤٦٧‬وﻋﻠﻰ أﻳﺔ ﺣﺎل‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎً أن‬

‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺤﺎل )‪ (old perfective‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪ (adjective-verb‬ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺎً ﺑﻤﺒﺘﺪأﻩ‬

‫)‪ ،(subject‬اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ iw‬و ‪ ،wnn‬أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮات ‪.٣٢٦ ،٣٢٣ ،٣٢٠‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ اﻷدوات ‪" “behold” mk‬أﻧﻈﺮ – ﻻﺣﻆ"‪" “lo” isT ،‬أﻧﻈﺮ – ﻋﺠﺒﺎً"‪“further” Xr ،‬‬

‫"أﻳﻀﺎً – ﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ" ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪ (adjectival predicate‬ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ‬

‫اﻻﺳﻤﻲ )‪ .(nominal predicate‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪mk nfr sDm n rmT “behold, it is good for men‬‬

‫‪to hearken, lit. good is hearkening to men”.‬‬
‫"أﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﻨﺎس أن ﺗﺼﻐﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﻫﻮ إﺻﻐﺎء اﻟﻨﺎس"‪.‬‬

‫‪mk dHr pw “behold it (the office of vizier) is bitter”.‬‬

‫"أﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬إﻧﻬﺎ )وﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻮزﻳﺮ( ﻣﺮﻳﺮة"‪.‬‬

‫‪isT St# wrt w#t “lo, very difficult was the road”.‬‬
‫"أﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺻﻌﺐ ﺟﺪاً"‪.‬‬

‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺼﻔﺔ )‪ (adjective‬ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻤﻨﻴﺎت وﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮاﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ إﻃﻼﻗﺎً‪ ،‬وﻳﺠﺐ‬
‫‪sDm.‬‬
‫‪sDm.f‬‬ ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺠﻮء‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪(adjective-verb‬؛ أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬ﻳُﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ )‪ (clause of time‬و اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪(clause of circumstance‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺤﺎل )‪ ،(old perfective‬أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮات ‪.٣٢٣ ،٣٢٢ ،٣١٤‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ]‪ :[١٤٣‬ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪ sDm.f‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪(The sDm.f form of the adjective-verb):‬‬

‫‪ iw‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺤﺪود ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬وإﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺒﺪل ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬

‫)أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ ١١٨‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪم(‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪wnn‬‬ ‫‪ sDm.‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ‪sDm.f‬‬
‫‪ sDm.‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ‪(adjective-‬‬
‫)‪ (adjective‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻧﺴﺘﺒﺪل أﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ أﺣﻴﺎن ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ‪sDm.f‬‬

‫)‪.verb‬‬

‫وﻫﻜﺬا‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻐﺮﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ )‪) (clause of purpose‬اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪.([١] ٤٠‬‬

‫‪di.n.k sy m tp.k, wr.k im.s, Q#.k im.s, o# SfSft.k im.s “thou hast [you‬‬
‫‪have] placed it (the eye of Horus) in thy [your] head, that thou mayst‬‬
‫‪[you may] be eminent by means of it, that thou mayst [you may] be‬‬
‫‪exalted by means of it, that thy [your] estimation may be great by‬‬
‫‪means of it”.‬‬
‫"ﻟﻘﺪ وﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ )ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﻮرس( ﻓﻲ رأﺳﻚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﻠﻚ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺑﺎرزاً ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﻠﻚ ُﺗﻤﺠﺪ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﻞ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮك ُﻳﻌﻈﻢ‬

‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺘﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ .(٧٠‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ‪" “cause” rdi‬ﻳﺴﺒﺐ" ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى‪) ،‬راﺟﻊ‬

‫‪di.i sS#.f m o#.k “I will cause him to become‬‬

‫‪acquainted with thy [your] greatness. Lit. (that) he become acquainted.‬‬
‫"ﺳﻮف أﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ أن ﻳﻄﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻈﻤﺘﻚ‪ .‬ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪) :‬أﻧﻪ( ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻄﻠﻌﺎً"‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻨﺮى ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪ (adjective-verb‬ﺑﻌﺪ أﻓﻌﺎل أﺧﺮى‬

‫)اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ ،([١] ١٨٦‬وﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ )اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ .([٤] ١٥٧‬وﺗﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫‪ sDm.‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ .iw.‬وﻟﻘﺪ أﺷﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ )ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ (١٣٧‬إﻟﻰ أن ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪sDm.f‬‬
‫‪ wn.‬ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ‪iw.f‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪wn.f‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪ (adjective-verb‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ )‪ (adjective‬ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬

 ‫واﺣﺪة ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ )‪ (subject‬ﺿﻤﻴﺮاً ﻣﻔﺮداً‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‪(suffix-‬‬

‫)‪ pronouns‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ]‪ :[١٤٤‬ﻧﻔﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ذات اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪(Negation of sentences with adjectival predicate):‬‬

‫ﺗﺒﻴﻦ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أوردﻧﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﻴﻦ ‪ ١٤٠ ،١٣٦‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻧﻔﻴﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ذات اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ‪(adjectival‬‬

‫)‪ predicate‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ )‪ (subject‬إﻣﺎ ﺿﻤﻴﺮا ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻼً )‪ (independent pronoun‬أو‬

‫‪ ٠‬و ﻳﺒﺪو أن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫‪ pw‬أﻳﻀﺎً‪.‬‬

‫وﻟﻴﺴﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ )‪ (adjective‬اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻲ‬

‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪.١٠٥‬‬

‫‪ n sDm.‬ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ١‬ـ ‪sDm.f‬‬

‫‪n xs.i Hr ib “I was not weak in the heart, i.e. I was not‬‬
‫‪deemed weak”.‬‬

‫"ﻟﻢ أﻛﻦ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﻟﻢ ُ َ‬

‫أﻋﺪ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺎً"‪.‬‬

‫‪n o# r.i m Snyt “my mouth has not been great‬‬

‫‪(i.e. I have not been self-assertive) among the courtiers”.‬‬
‫"ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻓﻤﻲ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎً )أي‪ :‬ﻟﻢ أﻛﻦ ﺣﺮﻳﺼﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻔﺖ اﻷﻧﻈﺎر( ﺑﻴﻦ رﺟﺎل اﻟﺒﻼط اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ"‪.‬‬

‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ أﻳﻀﺎ دﻻﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‪ .‬وﻣﻦ اﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪n is.k “thou art (you are) not light”.‬‬

‫"أﻧﺖ ﻟﺴﺖ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺎً"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪n wr n.k ontyw “thou hast (you have) not much‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪك ﺑﺨﻮر ﻛﺜﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎً ‪incense, lit. not great is incense to thee (you)”.‬‬

‫"ﻟﻴﺲ اﻟﺒﺨﻮر ﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬

‫‪ nn sDm.‬ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ٢‬ـ ‪sDm.f‬‬

‫‪nn Sw.k im.f Dt “thou shalt (you shall) not be bereft of‬‬
‫"ﻟﻦ ﺗﺤﺮم ﻣﻨﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺑﺪ"‪it eternally”. .‬‬

‫‪ n sDm.‬ﺗﻨﻜﺮ ﺣﺪﺛﺎً ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮاً أو ﻣﺘﻜﺮراً ﺑﺼﺮف اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺪث‬
‫‪ ٣‬ـ ‪sDm.n.f‬‬

‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪n nDm.n n.f XtXt im “reversal thereof (lit.‬‬

‫‪receding therefrom) is not pleasant to him”.‬‬
‫"ﻋﻜﺲ ذﻟﻚ )ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎُ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﺮاﺟﻊ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ( ﻏﻴﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺳﺎر ﻟﻪ"‪.‬‬

‫‪n Sw.n drpw.f‬‬

‫‪drpw.f “his offerings will not (ever) be‬‬
‫‪lacking”.‬‬ ‫"ﻗﺮاﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﻮف ﻟﻦ ﺗﻨﻘﺺ )أﺑﺪاً("‪.‬‬

‫‪ n sDm.‬ﻏﺎﻣﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ دراﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻧﻔﻲ ﻟﺨﺒﺮ وﺻﻔﻲ ‪(adjectival‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬أﻛﺜﺮ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ‪sDm.n.f‬‬
‫)‪ predicate‬ﻣﺘﺒﻮع ﺑﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﻷﺟﻠﻪ )‪) (dative‬راﺟﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ .(١٤١‬وﻋﻠﻰ أﻳﺔ ﺣﺎل‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻷول ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ nDm.‬ﻋﻦ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻬﺎ اﻻﺳﻤﻲ )‪.(nominal subject‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ أﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ أي ﺷﻚ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ ‪nDm.n‬‬

‫‪ ٤‬ـ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﻃﺮاز اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺒﺮة ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪم اﻟﻮﺟﻮد )‪) (non-existence‬راﺟﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪.(١٠٨‬‬

‫وﺗﺤﺘﻮي أﻓﻀﻞ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ و اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل )‪ (participles‬أو ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ‬

‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ؛ أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ .٣٩٤‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ .‬وﺳﻮف ﻧﺴﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﻄﺮاز واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻫﻨﺎ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪n ot im.i Swt m nTr “no member of me is void of‬‬
‫‪god, lit. there is not a member in me void of god”.‬‬
‫"ﻻ ﻳﺨﻠﻮ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎً‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻓﻲ ٍ‬
‫ﺧﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻹﻟﻪ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ )‪ tm (negative verb‬ﻟﻨﻔﻲ اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺎت‪ ،‬واﻷواﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼً ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻐﺮﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫)‪ (clauses of purpose‬ذات اﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪ ٠(adjectival predicate‬وﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﻋﻄﺎء أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻻت؛ وﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻏﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪.(٤) ٣٤٧‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ]‪ :[١٤٤‬ﺣﺬف اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ‪:‬‬

‫‪(Omission of the subject):‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ )‪ (subject‬واﺿﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺎق اﻟﻜﻼم‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﺤﺬف أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎً‪ .‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫‪Inspecting‬‬ ‫‪the‬‬ ‫‪netting‬‬ ‫‪of‬‬ ‫‪the‬‬ ‫‪desert-animals,‬‬

‫‪isT oS# wrt r Xt nbt “and lo, (they were) much‬‬

‫‪more numerous than anything”.‬‬
‫"ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺒﺎك‪ ،‬أﻧﻈﺮ‪) ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻲ( أوﻓﺮ ﻋﺪداً ﻣﻦ أي ﺷﻲء"‪.‬‬

‫أو ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﺤﺬف اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ )‪ (subject‬إذا ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻏﺎﻣﻀﺎً ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً‪ .‬وﻫﻜﺬا ﻧﺠﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ‪n.i‬‬
‫‪nfr n.‬‬

‫”‪" “it goes well with me‬إﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻌﻲ" )راﺟﻊ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ (١٤١‬أن اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ‬

‫)‪ (subject‬اﻟﻤﻔﻬﻮم ﺿﻤﻨﺎً ﻫﻮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﻬﻢ ”‪" “it‬ﻫﻮ )ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻳﺪ(" أو ”‪" “they‬ﻫﻢ )ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻳﺪ("‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻟﻠﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ )‪ (adjectival predicate‬ﺑﺪون ﻣﺒﺘﺪأ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ iw‬أﻳﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎرن‬

‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ .١٤٢‬وﻗﺪ ﻧﻮﻗﺸﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻔﺎﺿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪.٤٦٧‬‬