Subject: Geography

For Class: IX & XI

PRESENTED BY:
ASHUTOSH KARASHARMA MISHRA
Address: (Personal) Address: (Official)
At: Srikrisna Nagar At: JNV, Koraput
Po: Loisingha Po: OMP Line
Dist: Bolangir Dist: Koraput
Orissa-767020 Orissa

Phone No:
9437146288
E-mail:
canyon_geo@yahoo.com
Tiger_sir@rediffmail.com
► Familiarize students with the terms, key
concepts and basic principles associated with
the climate of India.
► Provide them idea about the mechanism of
Indian monsoon.
► Study the climate of India through the
understanding and analysis of local climate.
► Explore the causative factor of the spatial
variations in the climate of the country.
► Understand and analyze the variation of climatic
phenomenon in the cycle of seasons.
► Make students aware of the change in climate
(global warming) at local level to understand it
at national and global level.
 Watch Out Weather News…………….

Hot weather season Monsoon season

Cold Weather Season Tropical Cyclone

Four Videos Embedded:
Please right click over the dark square to choose Play or Stop one after another.
CONTENTS OF THE LESSON
Part-I Climatic Diversity of India

Part-II
Factors Affecting Climate of India

Part-III Rhythm of Seasons

Part-IV
Distribution of Rainfall

Part-V Change of Climate

Please click on the box to navigate to the pages

Why does weather change
spatially & temporally?

Let us
examine…
 Drass -450C in
December night

Tawang 190C in
550C temperature June
in June

Thar desert
Diurnal range of
temperature 300C
Jaisalmer
receives 9cm Cherrapunji &
rainfall Mawsynram have
1080cm rain

Tiruvanantapuram &
Chennai 200C in Kerala Diurnal
December night range of
temperature 80C

MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA

 MORE DIVERSITIES…………………..
Churu in Rajasthan records a
temperature of 50°C or more
on a June day.
Snow fall over the
Himalayas.
Most parts of India receives
rainfall during June to
September.
Tura of Meghalaya receives
rainfall in a single day is
equal to the total rainfall of
Ten years in Jaisalmer of
Rajastan.
MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA
It is 19°C in Tawang
(Arunachal Pradesh) on the
same day.
Only rainfall over rest of
India.
Tamilnadu coast remains dry
during these months.
Very low rainfall in North west
Himalayas and western
Rajastan which is equal to
10cm per year.
► Lets divide the class into five groups namely A, B, C,
D and E.
► Collect the data of temperature and rainfall of different
cities of India from web site
www.allrainfallreports.com .
► Collect the rainfall and temperature data of your town
and compare it with the data of other cities of India.
► Make a comparative study of temperature and rainfall
data of different districts of Orissa. (Source-
Climatological survey of Orissa 1987-2003 & District
statistical handbooks)
► Write about the climate of your district and upload it to
www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com .
► Make a power point presentation of all the activities
you have done.
CLICK ON ICON TO
Download Template DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE
 FAQ
FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATE

RELATED TO LOCATION RELATED TO AIR

& RELIEF PRESSURE & WIND

•Latitude Surface pressure & wind

•Altitude Upper air circulation
•Relief Western cyclones
•Distance from Sea
•The Himalayan Mt.
•Distribution of Land & water
LATITUDE
FAQ

TROP
IC OF
CANC High range
ER of Temp

High Temp
Low range

EQUATORIAL REGION
 Cold
Wav
e
Cold
Wav
e
Cold
THE HIMALAYAS- CLIMATIC BARRIER

Wav
e
Cold
Wav
e
d
Win
oon
M ons d
n Win
soo
Mon d
Win
on
nso
Mo d
Win
on
nso
Mo
DISTRIBUTION OF LAND & WATER
FAQ

LO
W
PR
HIGH PRESSURE
ES
IN WINTERSU
RE
IN
SU
M ME
R

ARABIAN
BAY OF
SEA
BENGAL

INDIAN OCEAN
DISTANCE FROM SEA

SIMLA

DELHI

KOLKOTA
MUMBAI

CHENNAI

Coastal areas have equable climate where as

Interior parts have extreme climate.
ALTITUDE
FAQ
Temperature decreased
from low to high altitude

HIGH ALTITUDE

e
ur
at
r
pe

AGRA
m

DARJILING
Te

160C in Jan
n i

40C in January
se
ea
cr
De

LOW ALTITUDE
RELIEF
FAQ

W estern

Receives high
rainfall
Ghat M
t.

d
in
W d
on in Receives low
nso n
W d
o o in rainfall
M
nso n
W
o o
M so
on
M
SURFACE WIND

POLAR
HIGH

SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE NORTH-EAST

TRADE WIND
SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE

INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE

SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE

SOUTH-EAST
TRADE WIND
SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE

POLAR
HIGH
JET STREAM IN WINTER

TIBET
JET STREAM IN SUMMER
WESTERN DISTURBANCE

Mediter
ranean
sea
EL-NINO EFFECTS
FAQ

1990
Delay in
Monsoon

Equatorial Warm
Peru

Current

El-Nino

Homboldt Cold
Current
SOUTHERN OSCILLATION

Darwin
Tahiti
Prepare a ppt. answering the following:
► Collect the data on the effect of El-nino over
different parts of world and prepare a presentation
and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.
► Explain the factors affecting the climate of your
region in a word/pdf file and upload it to
www.think.com or www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com
page.
► Invite your friends to your www.think.com or
www.epal.com site to explain about the climate of
their region.
► Explain how jet stream affect the climate of India in
word/pdf file and upload it to the suitable web page.
► Compare how relief affect the climate of your region.
CLICK ON ICON TO
Microsoft DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE
 RHYTHM OF SEASONS

HOT
HOT WEATHER
WEATHER RETREATING
RETREATING MONSOON
MONSOON

COLD WEATHER SOUTH

SOUTH WEST
WEST MONSOON
MONSOON

Let us discuss each of them individually

COLD WEATHER SEASON

► It extends from
December to February.
► Vertical sun rays shift
towards southern
hemisphere.
► North India experiences
intense cold where as
this season is not well
defined in south India.
► Light wind blow makes
this season pleasant in
Tropical Cyclone
south India.
► Occasional tropical
cyclone visit eastern
coast in this season.

Rhythm of Seasons
TEMPERATURE- JANUARY

100C`
150C

200C

200C
250C 200C

200C
250C

Rhythm of Seasons
PRESSURE- JANUARY

10
18
HIGH
PRESSURE

1
10 019

10
18

18
10
17
10
16
10
15

1014

Rhythm of Seasons
WIND DIRECTION- WINTER

No
r the
rn
Pl
ain

Ganga
Delta

Bay of Bengal

Rhythm of Seasons
WINTER RAINFALL

RAINFALL DUE
TO WESTERN
DISTURBANCES

RAINFALL DUE
TO NORTH EAST
WIND

Rhythm of Seasons
HOT WEATHER SEASON

► It extends from March

to May.
► Vertical sun rays shift
towards Northern
hemisphere.
► Temperature rises May 480C
gradually from south
to north. April 380C
► Highest Temperature
experiences in
Karnataka in March,
March 300C
Madhya Pradesh in
April and Rajastan in
May.

Rhythm of Seasons
TEMPERATURE- JULY

250C

20 0C
300C 25
0
C
20
0
C

30
0
C

30 0C
Rhythm of Seasons
PRESSURE- JULY

7
99
998 999

100
0
100
1
100
3 100
2
1
100 004
5

6
100 100
7
Rhythm of Seasons
STORMS IN HOT WEATHER SEASON

FAQ

BARDOLI
CHHEERHA

LOO

KALBAISAKHI

MANGO
SHOWER

BLOSSOM
SHOWER
Rhythm of Seasons
SOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASON

► It extends from June

to September.
► Intense heating in
north west India
creates low pressure HIGH
LOWTEMPERATURE
PRESSURE
region.
► Low pressure attract
the wind from the
surrounding region.
► After having rains for
a few days sometime
monsoon fails to
occur for one or more
weeks is known as
break in the monsoon.
Rhythm of Seasons
MONSOON WIND

Arabian sea
Bay of Bengal
Branch Branch

INTER TROPICAL
EQUATOR
CONVERGENCE ZONE

e
ad
e

e
ad

ad
ad

Tr

Rhythm of Seasons
Tr

Tr

Tr

SE
SE

SE

SE
ONSET OF SW MONSOON

e
Jun
15 th
uly
J

y
th

Jul
15
1 st

une
th J
10
ne
th Ju ne
5 st Ju
1

Rhythm of Seasons
RETREATING MONSOON SEASON

► It extends from October

to November
► Vertical sun rays start
shifting towards
Northern hemisphere.
► Low pressure region LOW PRESSURE

shift from northern parts

of India towards south.
► Owing to the conditions
of high temperature and
humidity, the weather
becomes rather
oppressive. This is
commonly known as the
‘October heat’

Rhythm of Seasons
WITHDRAWAL OF MONSOON

pt.
Se
15 th
pt.
th Se
7

pt.
th Se
30
er
ber
tob ct
o
c O
th O th
7 15

Rhythm of Seasons
Prepare a ppt. answering the following:
► Explain the seasonal difference of climate of your
region in a word/pdf file and upload it to
www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.
► Search friends from different parts of India and
seek their comments and compare the seasonal
difference in climate of different parts of India by
using www.think.com.
► Prepare an analysis of yearly temperature and
rainfall data by using different graphs and upload it
to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.
► Collect photographs of monsoon and upload to
www.think.com or www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.

CLICK ON ICON TO
DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE
DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL

> 200cm

100-200cm

50-100 cm

< 50cm
VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL
►
► The
The variability
variability ofof rainfall
rainfall isis
computed
computed with with the
the help
help of of
the
thefollowing
followingformula:
formula:
C.V.=
C.V.= Standard
Standard Deviation/
Deviation/
Mean
Mean**100100
►
► Variability
Variability of
of less
less than
than 25%
25%
exist
exist inin Western
Western coasts,coasts,
Western
Western Ghats,
Ghats,
northeastern
northeastern peninsula,
peninsula,
eastern
eastern plain
plain ofof the
the Ganga,
Ganga,
northern
northern India,
India, Uttaranchal,
Uttaranchal,
SW
SWJJ&&KK&&HP. HP.
►
► Variability
Variabilityofofmore
morethen then50%
50%
found
found inin Western
Western Rajastan,
Rajastan,
JJ && KK and
and interior
interior parts
parts ofof
Deccan.
Deccan.
►
► Region
Regionwithwithhigh
highrainfall
rainfallhas
has
less
lessvariability.
variability.
Prepare a power point presentation answering
the following:
► Why there is variation of rainfall in different
parts of India? Explain in a word/pdf file and
upload.
► Calculate the variability of rainfall of your
region.
► Compare the variability of rainfall with the total
rainfall of your region.
► Measure the rainfall in your school and record
it in a spread sheet for analysis.
► Read out the rainfall and temperature data of
your school daily in the morning assembly.
CLICK ON ICON TO
Download Template DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE
CLIMATE CHANGE

IMPACT OF GLOBAL WORMING

FOREST FLOOD
FIRE

SPREAD OF SINKING
TROPICAL SEA LEVEL
RISE COAST
DISEASES
MELTING
OF ICE

INCREASE IN RISE
TSUNAMI &
GREEN HOUSE IN
EARTHQUAKE
GASES TEMPERATURE

EXCESSIVE
SUN STROKE

FO
SCA OD
RCIT
Y LOSS OF
BIODIVERSITY
SOME INTERESTING FACTS
►
►Temperature
Temperature increased
increased by by 0.6
0.600CC in
in 20
20thth century.
century. FAQ
►
►Eleven
Eleven out out ofof twelve
twelve hottest
hottest yearsyears are are within
within
1995
1995 to to 2006.
2006.
►Annual
► Annual raterate ofof increase
increase of of CO
CO22 isis 1.9ppm
1.9ppm after after
1995.
1995.
►
►Concentration
Concentration of of methane
methane increased increased from from
700ppb
700ppb in in 1750
1750 to to 1745ppb
1745ppb at at present
present and and
Nitrous
Nitrous Oxide
Oxide fromfrom 270ppb
270ppb to to 314ppb
314ppb where where as as
CFC
CFC increased
increased from from zero
zero toto 533ppb.
533ppb.
►
►Rising
Rising of of temperature
temperature to to 3300CC will
will lead
lead to to melting
melting
of
of all
all ice
ice on
on earth
earth surface
surface andand sea sea level
level rise
rise upto
upto
15
15 feet.
feet.
►
►Existence
Existence of of large
large cities
cities like
like Venis,
Venis, Bankok,
Bankok,
Sanghai,
Sanghai, Kolkota
Kolkota and and Dhaka
Dhaka will will be
be in
in danger.
danger.
CLIMATE CHANGE & INDIA

►
► India
India has
has long
long coast
coast line
line
and
and rise
rise of
of sea
sea level
level will
will
submerge
submergelarge largearea.
area.
►
► AA population
population of of 7.1 7.1
million
million living
living inin coastal
coastal
areas
areaswill
willbebeaffected.
affected.
►
► Production
Production of of crops
crops like
like
wheat,
wheat, rice rice etc etc willwill KOLKOTA
decrease.
decrease. MUMBAI
►
► The
The natural
natural disasters
disasters
like
like cyclone,
cyclone, floods
floods and
and CHENNAI
drought
drought willwill increase
increase inin
frequency
frequency as as well
well as as
intensity.
intensity.
WHAT CAN BE DONE???
►Switch off the light, fan, TV and other
energy using gadgets when they are not in
use.
►Do not use those equipments that pollute or
consume more energy.
►create public awareness.
►use renewable energy resources like solar,
wind, biomass etc.
►International conferences like Earth
Summit, 1992, Kyoto protocol, Copenhegen
summit, 2009 are some steps to bring
consensus for crusade against Climate
Change.
► Ask elders of your family or village about their
perception of change in climate and explain it in
a word/pdf file and upload it to
www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com .
► Give an analysis of change in temperature of
your region by collecting data of fifteen years
from climatological survey of orissa.
► Explain what you can do to reduce the impact of
climate change.
► Ask your friends through www.think.com about
their contribution to reduce the impact of climate
change.
► Prepare a power point presentation explaining
all above.

CLICK ON ICON TO
DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
1. Name the factors affecting climate of Answer
India .
2. What is meant by El-nino? Answer

3. Why the south western part of

peninsular India receives high rainfall? Answer

4. Name the important green house gases. Answer

5. How altitude affects climate? Answer

6. How distance from sea affect climate? Answer

7. What is meant by mango shower? Answer

8. What is meant by Inter Tropical

Answer
Convergence Zone?
EVALUATION RUBRIC
Sl Evaluation
No. points Excellent Very Good Good
Participation All the members have Some Members have Few members have
of all members participated participated. participated.
1 of the group (5 Marks) (3 Marks) (2 Marks)

Technology used for

Efficient use presentation, collection of Technology used for
of technology information and presentation and collection Technology used for
in self- understanding. of information. presentation only.
2 learning (5 Marks) (3 Marks) (2 Marks)
Collection of Information collected are new, Information collected are Information collected are
new relevant and latest. new and relevant. new only.
3 information (5 Marks) (3 Marks) (2 Marks)

Presentation of topic was Presentation of topic was

Presentation clear, able to clarify doubts clear and able to clarify Presentation of topic was
of Topic in the and with proper flow of topic. doubts. clear only.
4 classroom (5 Marks) (3 Marks) (2 Marks)

Innovation in presentation, Innovation in presentation

Development collection of new information and collection of new Innovation in
of Innovative and use of technology. information. presentation only.
5 Thinking (5 Marks) (3 Marks) (2 Marks)
Total 25 15 10
Mark
Obtained

Evaluate
Evaluatethe
theclassroom
classroompresentation
presentationof
ofother
othergroups
groupsand
andassign
assignmarks.
marks.
CITATION
► Abraham, K.R.; Dash, S.K. and Mohanty, U.C., 1996: Simulation of
monsoon circulation and cyclones with different types of orography;
Mausam, 47, 235-248.
► Ashok K., S. Lizuka, S.A Rao, N. H. Saji and W. Lee, 2009 :
Processes and boreal summer impacts of the 2004 El Nino Modoki: An
AGCM study. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L04703,
doi:10.1029/2008GL036313, 1-5.
► Bannerji, S. K., 1950 : Methods of forecasting monsoon and winter
rainfall in India. Ind. J. Met. and Geophys., 4, 343-346.
► Bhalme, H.N. and Jadhav, S.K., 1984: The southern oscillation and its
relation to the monsoon rainfall. J.Climatol., 4, 509-520.
► Krishnakumar V. and K. ‑M. Lau, 1997 : Symmetric Instability of
Monsoon Flows. Tellus 49 A, 228‑245.
► Physical Geography of India, NCERT, class-IX
► Economic & Commercial Geography of India, C.B. Memoria.
► Regional Geography of India, R.L. Singh.
► www.imd.gov.in
► http://tinyurl.com/q4a6mg
► http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4755025.cms
► http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ost/climate/STIP
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Heartiest Thanks to
Mr. S. K. Tripathy, Principal
JNV, Koraput
Mr. R. P. Maharana, TGT-
English, JNV, Koraput
Project Learning, Microsoft,
for providing me training.