TROPICAL

CYCLONES
By: precious
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 THE ORIGIN OF 02 HOW THEY CAN BE

CYCLONES MEASURED
What they are, where they are Devices used to measure and their
found, etc description.

CONDITIONS
03 NEEDED FOR THEM 04 CHARACTERISTICS
TO FORM AND 3 Ps
Conditions needed for tropical The different characteristics of
cyclones to form tropical cyclones
CYCLONES and TROPICAL
CYCLONES

A cyclone is a tropical storm with winds blowing in large

spiral around a relatively calm center known as 'eye’.

A tropical cyclone is a localized, very intense low-

pressure wind system, forming over tropical oceans and
with winds of hurricane force. large areas of very low
pressure with wind speeds of over 119 km h-1.
 WHERE ARE THEY FOUND?

Cyclones are found in the Indian Ocean and

Australia, hurricanes in Ocean and eastern
Pacific Ocean and typhoons in the western
Pacific Ocean. In the western North Pacific,
the term 'super typhoon' is used for tropical
cyclones with winds exceeding 241 km h-1.
 Devices used for measurment
Tropical cyclones are catagorized using the Saffir-
Simpson hurricane wind scale, which rates wind speed
on a scale of 1 to 5. Category 1 is when the wind
speeds are between 119 and 153 km h-1 and category 5
is reached when the speeds are over 252 km h-1.
 CONDITIONS NEEDED FOR CYCLONES TO FORM

• The ocean surface temperature must be at least 27 °C. Warm water

provides the energy for increased evaporation of water, which rises,
condenses and releases huge amounts of energy.
• The warm ocean water must be at least 60 m deep.
• These conditions must occur between latitudes 5° and 20° north and
south. Any closer to the
• equator, and there is insufficient Coriolis force (rotation of the Earth) to
make the air spin, at
• higher latitudes the oceans are too cold.
• There should be very little wind shear (a change in wind speed or
direction with height in the
• atmosphere). Strong wind shear can stop the vertical development of a
storm.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES

• Tropical cyclones usually last for a week, moving 17–17 km h-1 They rotate in an anticlockwise
direction around the eye (the calmest part of the storm).
• Sky becomes cloudy, wind speed increases, rain with sunny intervals.
• Air pressure falls, wind speed continues to increase to over 119 km h -1
• Large cumulonimbus clouds form and very heavy rain falls. This is the eyewall or vortex.
In the eye of the storm the sky is clear, winds are light and there is little rain. Temperatures
are warm.
• strong winds can cause structural damage to buildings
• heavy rainfall can lead to river flooding and landslides
• storm surges can lead to flooding in low lying coastal areas, the intense low pressure can
raise
• sea levels and strong winds can push waves up to 5 m high inland.
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