PliAN hAi DIEN HOA HOC

CHUI ONG VII

DUNG RICH DIEN PHAN

1. Can bang trong dung dich diOn titian

1. Skt

Theo Areniut, d6i v6i mQt chat din phan Mv+Av_ da cho can
bang sau se du6c tilt& lap 6 mot nhi'et dO xac dinh :

Mv+Av _ _
v+IVIz+ + vAz-

Can bang nay du6c (lac trung bang hang s6 phan li Kc :

NZ+ r .[AZ -

=
[Mv±.A v

MQt thOng s6 dinh luting nazi cita chat din phan trong dung dich
la dO phan li a, do la ti s6 gifra s6 phan tir phan li va tong s6

206
 phan tit chat dien phan. Giita a NIA c6 m6i lien he du cc bidu
thi bang phirong trinh :

a2C
1—a

& day C la neng de dung dich chat dien phan hoa tri 1 — 1
(v+ = v__ = 1).

D6i v6i dung dich rat bang dm chat dien phan co de phan li kha
be (a <<l) thi :

Ke
a

Nhang thuec tinh nhi'et Ong (ap suat thdm than it, de.) ha ap suat
hoi bao hoa, d() tang didm sOi, dO ha bang diem ...) cua dung
dich dien phan so v6i nhcrng thuec tinh arcing rng cua dung dich
khOng dien phan cling neng de duqc xac Binh thOng qua he s6
Bang truong i :

dp ; ATdp
1= Ldp
TC1cdp ATkdp

Cr day 7cdp la Ai) suat thdm th'au cua dung dich dien phan ; nkap là
ap suat thdm than cua dung dich killing dien phan.

ATdp va ATkdp là de tang diem soi (hay de ha bang diem) cua

dung dich dien phan va khOng dien phan.

Giiia s6 i Va de phan li CO sir lien he :

i-1
=
v —1

207
 v6i v = + v_.

2. boat do va he s6 hoat do cila chat di0 phan

D6i v6i cac dung dich ciaa chat dien phan & neng de trung binh
tr6 len, nhang thuec tinh nhiet Ong cita chting du6c xac dinh
bang hoat de a.

Nat chat dien phan Mv+Av_ phan li thanh lc cation va v_ anion

theo plurong trinh :

M v+ k v- v+ Mz+ +v

thl hoat de chat tan lien he voi hoat de timg ion rieng re bang
he tit& :

a = a+V + V

De c6 the Xac dinh duck; bang thuc nghi'em, khai niem hoat de
ion trung binh a± dia chat dien phan duqc sir dung va khi do :

, = V+„ V-
a
+— VT
a. a+ a-

v = v+ + V_.

Hoat de cua timg ion lien he v6i n6ng de thong qua he s6 hoat
de yi.

V6i thang tieing de molan m ta c6 :

at(ll) = nliYi(m)

V6i thang !tong de phan tir gam CM ta c6 :

208
 aj(c) 7-- Ci7i(c)

Vgi thang 'long dO phan s6 mol x, ta có :

ai(x) = XiYi(x)

Dien hod hoc thugng sir dung thang nong dO molan, do do niugi
ta cfing sir dung dai lift:mg molan trung binh m± va dugc xac
dinh bang

m±

m+ lien he v6i nong dO m cua dung dich bang :

V— )1/v
m+ = (v+V+.v .m

Gift hoat dO ion trung binh va nong dO molan trung binh có sir
lien he sau :

m± T±(m)

v6i v-i
Y±(m) = (Y+. 7Y—

D6i v6i cac dung dich vO cimg - loang ma & do tuang tac giaa'cac
ion dugc be) qua, he s6 hoat dO ion trung binh dan tai don vi va
khOng phu tlitt0c vao cach bidu thi 'long dO.

D6i v6i mot ion da cho, he s6 hoat dO khong chi phu thuOc vao
nong dO va dien tich cila no trong dung dich ma con phu thuOc
ruing dO va dien tich cUa cac ion khac, do do khai niem bre ion I
dm dung dich dugc xac dinh bang he thirc :

14-BTHL-A 209
 Li th-uydt vd dung dich chat din phan mph da (Ian tOi dinh 10t
gi6i han cua Dobai — Hucken v6 he s6 hoat (10 phu thu0c vao ltrc
ion dm dung dich. 06i v6i mot ion i da cho, su phu thudc tren
duck; bidu thi bang phuorng trinh :

lgyi —AZi2 -ji

v6i A la mot hang s6 d6i v6i mot dung mOi da cho va 6 mot
nhidt do xac dinh, A co gia tri dtr6c tinh theo bidu thtic :

1 823.106
A=
(sT)-,`

et day s — la hang s6 didn mOi cita moi tru6ng, T — nhi'dt dd tuydt

d6i, Zi - didn tich ion i.

D6i v6i he s6 hoat (Id ion trung binh, pi1- 11611g trinh giOi han cita
Dobai — Hucken co dang :

lgy+

Can km Y rang dinh luat gi6i han cita Dobai — Hucken v6 he s6

hoat (10 dime thidt lap v6i n6ng d6 phan s6 mol x. Dd co thd so
sanh vai thuc nghidni, nOng do molan hay duoc sir dung, khi do :

lg y±(m) lg y±(x) — lg(l + 0, 018m)

ndu dung mOi la ntr6c. Tuy nhien o n6ng d0 rat nh6 khidn cho
khOng co sir sai khac clang kd gicra lgy+( ,,n) va Igy+(x) thi phuang

210 1 4-BTI4L-B
trinh han cua Dobai — Hucken tren van duck; ap dung cho
thang nong do: molan.

O khu vtrc nong dO trung Binh, str gan dung bac hai cua Dorbai —
Hucken c6 dang :

= AZ 3-11
1+a13,fi

A
hoac lg 7+ =
1+ aB-If

vdi a la du6ng kinh hire hien trung binh cua ion ; B la mot hang
s6 d6i vdi mot dung m6i 6 mot nhiet dO da cho.

N611 dung mOi la nude, cac gia tri cita A, B, E 6 cac nhi'et dO khac
nhau duo'c cho din% day :

t "C A B s
0 0,488 0,325.108 88,15
15 0,500 0,328 82,23
25 0,509 0,330 78,54
30 0,514 0,331 76,76
40 0,524 0,333 73,35
50 0,535 0,335 70,10

D6i v6i dung dich nu6c cua chCit dien phan & 25°C sr gan dung
bac hai cua Dobai — Hucken c6 dang don gian hun :

A I z+z_ I Vir
lg 7+ =
1+- 4f

211
2. DO din diOn ciia dung dich diOn phan

Kha ruing dan dien L cud dung dich dien phan dtt6c xac dinh
bang dai luting nghich dao cud dien tray R.

1
L=—
R

Dien trot R cua mgt kh6i dung dich c6 chieu dai 1, tie't dien ngang
S dtryc xac dinh bang cOng thCte :

1
R = p—
S

6 day p la dien trot rieng dm dung dich. Ngtrtri ta goi nghich dao
cua p la (10 dan dien rieng va dtrqc ki hieu bang x :

1 1 / I
. = L—
x =p=RS S

Thir nguyen cua do dan dien rieng x la [then 1 .[dO

Trong thtrc nghiem dien hod, dai Wong 1/s dtryc goi la hang s6
binh C, do do tit cOng thdc tren ta c6 :

De co the so sanh kha nang dan dien cad dung dich dien phan
c6 hod tri ion khac nhau ngttoi ta dung khdi niem dO clan
dien dtro'ng luting c6 lien he vdi dO dan dien rieng bang
phtrang trinh :

1000x
=

2 12
v6i C - là s6 throng Wong gam chat dien phan c6 trong mot lit
dung dich.

Neu X IA (10 dan dien duo'ng luting 6

. 0 bang vO tan thi d6i v6i
chat dien phan y61.1
_
a

x2
KC
X)C

Nghien ciru kha nang clan dien cua cac ion & d0 bang vO tan,
KOnrauxo da di t6i ket luan :

Cac dai Wong X va ko - duvc goi la linh dc) ion va_ c6 cling thd -
nguyen voi d0 dan dien dung Wong tdc là 0-1.cm2.d1g-1. Gida
linh d0 ion va toc d0 tuyet d6i U cila ion co su lien he :

• XI = U+ va X60
- = .F

Cr day U+ va IT IA t6c (10 tuyet d6i cua cac ion along dng, do IA
t6c d6 ciia ion khi cdOng (.10 dien tru?ng bang 1 von/cm. Thd
nguyen cua U là cm2 /von.giay. Con F IA s6 Faraday c6 gia tri
bang 96500 culOng.

D bidu thi su phu thu0c cua d6 clan dien throng Fueling vao n6ng
(10 dung dich, d6i vai chat dien phan manh trong dung dich
bang nguoi to six dung cac phdong trinh kinh nghiem :

X = X - A IC (phuong trinh KOnrauxa)

213
 D6i vOi chat dien phan y6u, axit axetic chang han, phtrong trinh
sau throe nghiem thing :

1= 1 X.0
X2,0.Kc

6 day C la n6ng de dung dich ; Kc — hang s6 phan

Cac phtrong trinh nay duet sir dung trong viec xac dinh dai
Wong X ciia chat dien phan manh va y6u.

Thuy6t hien dai v6 dung (Lich then phan cita Dobai — Hucken da
cho phep thiel lap met each 11 duly& ye six phu thu6c oh de (an
dien throng Wong. vao non, de dung dich. D6i vdi dung dich
loang cita chat dien phan hoa tri 1 — 1 trong nude 6 25°C, ta c6
phiro'ng trinh gidi han caa Dobai — Onxaygio :

= — (60,20 + 0,23.X,ONZ

3. Sfi tai
Nguoi ta goi s6 tai ciia met dang ion IA ti s6 gifia dien lacing do
Bang ion do tai di va dien luting tong quat tai b6i cac dang ion c6
trong dung dich.

Giva s6 tai citalon va linh de ion co met sir lien he :

t+ X+

Vi A = U+F
= U_F

214
Vdi U± la tee de tuyet d6i cita cation hay anion, nen :

t+ U+V+
U V

vdi V+ la tr 6c de di chuyen caa cation hay anion.

Doi vdi chat dien phan phan li thanh hai dang cation va anion
thi : t+ + t_ = 1.

S6 tai duoc xac dinh bang phuong phap Hittop theo do :

Ama
t+ =
Arita + Amc

Amc
Amc + Ama

or day Aina va Amc la de giam luong chat dien phan & khu an& va
khu catet cua thiet bi Hittop.
Cac Ong thtic nay chi dung khi dien cuc kheng tuonk tac hod
hoc vdi dung dich dien phan.
Trong tri.thng hop nguoc lai thi luting chdt dien phan khong
ngirng tang len & khu anet do dien cuc hoa tan, do do s6 tai
anion duoc xac dinh nhu sau :

Ama
t =
F

va t+ = 1 — t_

day Ama la de tang s6 throng Wong gam Cr khu anot.

215
 F la tong s6 Faraday cho di qua dung dich. S6 tai con du cc xac
dinh hang phuong phap ranh gidi di &Ong theo do :

F.V.C+ .
t+ =
1000I.t

F.V.0
t =
1000I.t

day C+ va C_ la nong dO cation va anion tinh bang duong

luo'ng gam/1.

F la s6 Faraday, bang 96500 culOng, V la thd tich dung -dich gidi

han b6i 2 vi tri dau va cu6i ranh giOi va tinh bang cm3. I la
cuOng dO dong dien, tinh bang ampe, t la thOl gian tinh bang giay.

Bai tap CO loi giai

Bai 1. Hang s6 phan li cua axit hint ca :

C6H4COOH + C6H4C00-

bang 1,4.103 6 25°C. Xac dinh dO phan li a cua axit nay trong
dung dich 0,5M.

Giai.

Ap dung phuong trinh :

K
1--a •

taco: a.2C + Kc.a =0

216
 +VK +4K.g.0
a=
2C

-1, 4.10-3 + V(1, 4.10-3)2 + 4.1, 4.10-3.0,5

2.0,5

vi (1,4.10 3)2 <4.1,4.103 nen deo phan li a dtrorc tinh theo

phtrong trinh gan dung sau :

-1,4.10-3 +V4.1,4.10-3.0 5
a= =-,15.10-3
2.0,5

BM 2. Chi s6 pKg cita su-phan li etylamoni bromua trong nitrometan

el 25°C bang 3,62. Xdc dinh he s6 dang twang cila dung dich
tren nong (10 0,05M (chd y : pKe = - 1g Kg).

Giai.

Ap dung bieu thdc :

a=
i -1
v-1

VI etylamoni bromua C2H5NH3Br la chat dien phan bdc hai.

hod tri 1 nen v = 2 do d6 a = i - 1. DO phan Ii a duqc tinh theo
song auk :

Kg2 +4Kg.0
a=
2C

Ap dung bang s6 to c6 :

217
 2,4.10-4 +V(2,4.10-4)2 +4.2,4.10-4.0,05
a= = 6,7.10
2.0,05

\fay i = 1 + a = 1 + 6,7.10 2 = 1,067.

Bai 3. Dung dich nu6c caa chat dien phan yelt cr ming dO molan bang
0,1, dOng dac & nhiet dO - 0,208°C. Xac dinh dO phan li a bie't
rang chat dien phan .or day la chat dien phan bac hai va hang s6
nghiem lanh cita nuOc la 1,86.

Giai.

Tinh he s6 dang tracing i theo cOng dick :

OTb 0 208
i= = ' =1,119
mKb 0,1.1,86

Xac dinh dO phan li a theo ding thtic :

i -1
a=
v -1

1 119 -1
Theo dau bai v = 2 nen a = ' = 0,119.
2 -1

Bai 4. Dung dich Ca(NO3), cc') n6ng dO molan bang 0,2. He s6 hoat dO
ion trung binh O Wing dO nay bang 0,426. Xac dinh m+, a+.va a.

Ap dung cac bieu thtic da cho c1 phan torn tat li thuyet to co :

m± = (1.22)1/3.0,2 = 0,318

218
 a+ = m+.y+ = 0,318:0,426 = 0,135

a = (a+)3 = (0,135)3 = ?,55.10-3

Bai 5. MOt dung dich chila 0,08 mol Na,SO4 va 0,02 mol Cr,(SO4)3
trong 1000 gam ntr6c. Tinh Itrc ion ciia dung dich.

Giai.
Ap dung tong thilc tit-1h Itrc ion :

1
= -Em z2
taco:

1
I = 2 (2.0,08+0,08.2- +2.0,02.32 + 3.0,02.22 = 0,54

Bai 6. Dung dich ntr6c cua BaC1, co nong dO 0,002m i7 298K.

a) Tinh Itrc ion cila dung dich.

b) Dina vao dinh luat gi6i han cila Dobai - Hucken, tinh yBa2,
va ycr

c) 'Firth Y+BaC12 •

Giai.

-E
a) I= 1 2

=1
-(0,002.22 +2.0,002) = 0,006
2

219
b) Ap dung bidu thirc

1g yl = —AZ21

to dtroc :

0,509.22 40, 006 = — 0,1580 = 1,8420

1g7Ba2+

'Ba2+ = 0,695

lgyo_ = — 0,509. V0,006

suy ra :
= 0,9"

- 1/3
_[0,695.(0,913)2
= (YBa2+.*7-0.- 1/3

= 0,834

Bai 7. Hang s6 phan li nhidt dOng cua axit a - clopicric O 298K bang
1,47.108. Tinh do phan Ii a am axit nay trong dung dich nong
(10 0,01M.

Giai.

Goi axit a - clopicric bang tong thirc tong quat.HA. Phtrong

trinh phan li cila HA duck: bidu thi bang :

HA 7=-1- H±

va rng vOi hang s6 phan li nhidt at:mg Ka :

220
 a .a C .0 .y .y
Ka = A- = A- H+ A = 1,47.103
aHA CHA'7HA
C =C = 0,01a
H+ A+

CHA = 0,10 (1 - a)

a2 .0,01 2
Ka = .y+ = 1,47.1()-3
1 -a

Trong sir gan dung bac nhat, ta chap nhan y± = 1 thi

a2 + 0,147cc - 0,147 = 0

Giai phuoug trinh bac hai tr-en d6i vOi do: phan li a cho ta gia tri
a = 0,317.

Trong sttgan dung bac hai y± ; hay tinh y+ dua vao pluro'ng
trinh gifri han Dobai - Hucken.

'Dinh luc ion I = . D6i voi chat dien phan hod tri 1 - 1,

I= = 0,01.0,317 = 3,17.103.

= V3,17.11)-3 = 5,63.10-2

1g y+ 21g y+ = - 2.0,509.12.5,63.10-2

= - 5,73.10-2

= 0,876

a2 0,147
Vay = = 0,168
1-a 0.876

221
 a = 0,334.

Bai 8. Xac dinh he so hoat dO cita ion S042- trong dung dich china
0,01 mol MgSO4, 0,005 mol NaC1 va 0,001 mol MgC12 trong
1000g nudc, data vao du kien sau :

Luc ion 0,001 0,01 0,02 0,05 0,1

Yton hog tri 2 0,77 0,58 0,50 0,40 0,30

'Firth Itrc ion I cila dung dich :

—(0,01.2- +0,01.22 +0,005.12 + 0,005.12 +

I=1

+ 0,001.22 +0,001.2.12 )=0,048

0,77

0,58

0,50
0,41
0,40

0.30

0,001 0,01 0.02 0,048 0,05 0,1 I.

Hinh V11.1

222
 Dd xac dinh 7 2_ , ve do thi trong toa dO y - I ta nhan ducic
SO4
du6ng cong tren d6 (Iwo xac dinh de dang 6' I = 0,048
4

Bai 9. DC) tan S cua mu6i kh6 tan tali iodat T110 3 trong dung dich
nu6c ctia KCI & cac nong dO khac nhau duck: xac dinh 25
25°C
°C :

mol/L1 0,005 0,01 0,02 0,05

S111() [m()1/1--] 0,00193 0,00200 0,00210 0,00232

Chap nhan su phan 1i hoan toan cua hai mu6i tren, hay tinh :

a) Tich s6 tan TT1103 cua T1I03*

b) y±(TII03) trong dung dich KC1 nong dO 0,02 molt!.

c) Hang s6 A trong phuung trinh gi6i han dia. Dobai — Hucken.

Giai.
'rich s6 tan T cua T1I03duqc tinh bang bidu thdc :

TTH03 = an+ .a to-- = C11+ 0103 y11+ .y103 = C .0.7±

Trong nu6c hoac trong dung dich chat then phan :

C = C 3- = S
T1+ 10

S la dO tan dm muCii kh6 tan T1103.

Tir bidu thirc tich s6 tan 6' tren, ta CO :

223
 TTHO3 = S2 iF

Lay logarit hai ye- dm phirung tfinh nay, ta ducic :

Ig Tn/03 = 21g S + 21g y,

suy ra :

21 1g T11103
1g S —1g y+ + —

Sir dung dinh 11.1'4 gidi han cua Dobai — Hucken vao tru6ng h6p
da cho, ta c6 :

1g S = A1Z+Z_VI + —2
1 IgTm03

I la luc ion da dung dich T1103 trong dung dich KCI. Phuo'ng
trinh tren cho thay tich s6 tan Tim duccc xac dinh de dang khi

xay dung do thi cita su phu thuOc IgS vao (Hinh VII.2). VI
Z+ = = 1 nen he so g6c cua di/Ong thang cho ta gia tri A, con
IgTruoi duce xac dinh dtra vao doan cat cua duong thang ngoai
suy teti I= 0 v6i true tung.

Tir bang du kien tren, tinh I, , IgS ; ke't qua ducfc ghi lai
bang dudi day

I 0,00693 0,01200 0,02210 0,05232

0,0833 0,1095 0,1187 0,2287

IgS 3,2856 3,3010 3,3222 3,3655

224
 3,35

3,30

3,25

Hinh VII.2

a) - Bang do thi to tim duoc :

1
-IgT = 3,240

suy ra : TRIO = 3, 02 10-6

1
Ig y 210'1'1103 S

= 3,240- 3,3222

= 1,9178

do do : y+ = 0,827

.c) Tu dO thi, A throe xac dinh va bang 0,55.

Bai 10. Dien ire/ cila dung dich KNO3 0,01N &roc do - trong binh do
cm-1.,
dO dan dien co hang s6 binh 0,5 bang 423E2. Xac dinh do
dan dien rieng -x, dO dan dien duong luring va dO phan- li bidu

15-BTHL-A 225
 ki6n a, n6u linh d6 ion K+ va ion NO-3- tan 11191 bang 64,5 va •
61,6521.cm2.dlg-1.

Giai.

DO dart didn rieng x bang :

C 0,5
= = = 0,001182 S-2 I .cm 1
R 423

DQ dan dien ducing 11.mng X bang :

1000x
X= voi C - nOng (10 dung dich

0,001182.103
Q .cm2.dlg 1
10-2
DO phan 1i bidu kie-n ducic xac dinh bang cOng thdc :

a =
X ;

Xoo

Van dung dinh luat KOnrauxo ve su chuydn dung dQc lap ci'm
ion, to co :

= X+ = 64,5 + 61,6 = 126,1

118 2
Vay a =—_ ' = 0,9373.
X 126,1

Bai 11. Do dan dien throng ItrQng gi6i han o 25°C d6i v6i dung dich
nu6c cua NaC,1-15C00, NaCl va HCl Ian him bang 85,9 ; 126,45
va 426,1552-1.cm2 .dIg-1. Tinh X0, cua axit propionic & 25°C.

226 1 5-BTH L-B

Giii.

Van dung dinh luat ve str chuyen Ong :d6c lap cua ion trong
dung dich, d6i -v6i dung dich axit propionic to co :

ko(C2H5 COOH) = X.0(F1+ ) + Xco(C2H5C00- )

Mat khac axit propionic co the dtr6c tinh theo mot each
khac dui day :

x + Xoo(HC1)
Xco(C2H5COOH) oo(NaC2H5C00) Xco(NaC1)

= X • +X
co(Na+ ) + co(C2H5C00- ) co(F1+ )

+X — —
co(C1- ) 00(Na+ ) co(C1- )

= X00(F1+ ) +Xco(C2H5C00- )

V klY X00(C2 H5 COOH )

= 85,9 + 426,15 - 126,45

-1 -1 2
= 38512 .dlg .cm

Bai 12. Hang s6 phan li Ke cita axit C3H7COOH bang -1,54.105..

Xac dinh (.16 phan li a am . -dung dich axit nay 6 (10- loang
V = 1024/.d1g-1 ; xac dinh n6ng d6 H+ va neit i neing'd0 da
cho, d0 dan Bien dung luting cua axit bang 41,3 Q 1.dlg 1.cm2.

Giai.

a2c
K= v61. C IA s6 duang luting gam trong 1 lit dung dich.
1-a -

227
 VI dQ loang V = "nen :
C

2
a
Kc =
V(1 - a)

Thay bang s6 ta c6 :

ct-
1,54.10-5 =
1024(1-a)

suy ra a = 0,118-.

C = a.c = a
- 0, 118
=1,153.104
H± V 1024

X
X. = = 41,3= 350 E2-1.dlg-1.cm2
a 0,118

Bai 13. Ngtthi ta do mot dung dich NaCI vao mot 6ng thily tinh ma
hai dau 6ng c6 (tat hai dien chc each nhau 1,53cm, dtthc n6i v6i
mot nguon dien mot chi& the hieu 12 On. Sau 5 phut, ion Na+
-di chuye'n ducfc mot doan bang 1,2cm. Hay tinh t6c (10 tuyet d6i
cha ion Na+.

GUM.

T6c (10 chuyen Ong cha ion Na + bang :

1' 2
0,004 cmigiaY
5.60

Ctthng dO dien trtthng E bang :

228
 2
= -1-- = 7,84 von/cm
E1, 53

T6c dO tuyet d6i U cua Na+ bang :

v 0,004 —4 2 . —1 —1
U= = = 5,1.10 cm .glay .von.
E 7, 84

Bai 14. 6 25°C, dO dam dien rieng dm dung dich AgCI bao hoa bang
2,68.10-6 S2 t.cm 1, cUa nuOc nguyen chit bang 0,86.10-65-/-1.cm-1.
DQ clan dien throng luqng gidi han cUa cac dung dich AgNO3,
HCI va 1-1NO3 i 25°C ldn luqt bang 133 ; 426 va 421
f21 .dlg-1.cm2 . Tinh dO tan cUa AgCI trong nueic a nhiet dO tren.

XAgCI = Xdd AgC1 XH2O

= (2,68 - 0,86).10-6 = 1,89.106

Giita X va x co sixlien he

1"x
a.=
-C
a day C la nOng do (Ilk la dO tan) dm AgCI. AgCI la mot chit dien
phan manh, kh6 tan do do co the chip nhan rang X = X.; va :

Ao(AgC1) = Xco(AgNO3) + X
co(HC1) Xco(IIN03 )

= 133 + 426 - 421

= 138 f2-1.dlg-1.CM2

229
 Vay do tan dm AgC1 bang :

1 82.10-6.103 1,8/.10-
C= = 1,3/.10-5 mol/L
138 138
Bai 15. DO clan dien duo'ng Luang dm dung dich axit axetic trong
nuac it 25°C phu thuOc vao nOng dO ducic cho theo bang sau :
C [mol/L] 0 0,0004 0,009 0,0025 0,01 0,04
X K-2 1 .dlg 1.cm21 390,7 73,9 51,15 31,65 16,21 8,19

Hay xac dinh hang s6 phan axit axetic.

Giai.

Axit axetic HAc phan li theo phuang trinh :

HAc Ac-
(1 - a)c ac ac

Hang s6 phan li Kc duac xac dinh bang Ong thdc :

C .0 „,2f,
Ac
K=
CHAc 1- a

HAc la mot axit yes'u, nen dO phan li a duac xac dinh theo COng tit& :
x
a=—

Khi do bidUthdc doi vai Ke có Bang

x
C
K° = ,
X

230
Bang mot phep bien d6i don gian, cOnghitc tyen dtro•c*vie't dtr6i
'clang m6i :

X.0 = Kc

1
Dtteng bik dien X.0 phtt thu'Oc vao — phai IA mot clueing thang

vdi dO deic xac Binh bang Kc.X2co Minh VII.3).

500 1000 1/X.104

Hinh V11.3

C 0 0,0004 0,0009 0,0025 0,01 0,04

X.C.102 0 2,96 4,60 7,91 16,2 32,8

1 316 617 1220

—.10 26 135 195
x
2,763
K= x200=(390,7)-, = 1,81.10-5

231
Bai 16. Cho du kien sau d6i vai dung dich KCl trong ntroc 25°C.
C [rnol/L] 0,0005 0,001 0,002 0,005 0,01
X [52-1.d1g-1.cm2 ] 124,50 123,74 122,70 120,65 118,51

Ve doing bidu dien cua sty phu thuOc X vao k. Xac dinh

So sanh d6 thi thu dtryc vOi d6 thi xay dung tren co sir phtrung
trinh gioi han Dobai - Onxaygio.

X A

126,5fr1cm2d1g-1
126
124 -
122 - Phuang trinh
120 - Onxaygio
118 -
1
0,05 0,1 \FC-

Hinh VII.4

X duotc xac dinh bang d6 thi (Hinh VII.4) va bang

126,5 f21.cm2. D6i v(li chit dien phan 1 - 1 trong nu& Cr 25°C,
phtrong trinh gidi han cila Dobai - Onxaygicr c6 dang :
X = X., - (60,20 + 0,23X.,)
hay X = X., - (60,20 + 0,23.126,5)/6
X= - 89,1 Id-

132
 Tir day ta thay rang phuang trinh Dobai — Onxaygid chi dung
cho dung dich rat loang.

Bai 17. De xac .dinh s6 tai dm ion Cu2+ va Cl bang phugng phap •
Hittop, ngu6i ta ti6n hanh dien phan mot dung dich CuC12
nong dO 26,9' g/L \Poi cac dien cyc bang graphit. Sau dien phan,
catOt nang them dugc- 2g. Su phan tich cho thSy 0,5 / dung dich
khu an6t c6 4,75g Cu va 0,5L dung dich catOt c6 3,95g Cu. Tim
tc va tcr .
u2 +

Kh6i lugng CuC12 c6 trong 0,5L dung dich tru6c khi dien phan la :
26,9
= 13,45 g
2
Kh6i lugng CuC12 c6 trong 0,5L dung dich khu catOt sau dien phan :

134,54.3,95
= 8,36 g
63,54

Khoi lugng CuC12 c6 trong 0,5L dung dich khu anOt sau
dien phan :

134,54.4,75
= 10,06 g
63,54

DO giam kh6i lugng CuC12 6 khu catOt :

13,45 — 8,36 = 5,09 g

DO giam kh6i lucmg CuC12 & khu anOt :

13,45 — 10,06 = 3,39 g

233
 Arna 3,39
t = = 0,3997
Anna + Amc 3,39+5,09

Am 5,09
t = c = = 0,6002
Ama + Amc 3,39 +5,09

Bai 18. 6 25°C dQ clan dien dung lacing ct dO loang vO tan dm

NaCH3COO bang 91 Q S6 tai ciia anion bang 0,43.
DO dan dien dirong lusing '6 do bang vo tan ciia KC1C/ 25°C bang
149,8 Q-1.(11g-1.cm2 . S6 tai dm cation K+ bang 0,49. Tim X,,cua
KCH3COO.

Ap dung cling thcic da biet :

loco: XDo(cR3c00- ) =X.0.

.t = 91.0,43 = 39,1
-

MOt each ttrong to to ding có :

t+ X. = k+oc, = 0,49.149,8 = 73,4

V4 Y ke(xcx,coo) = koD(K+) Ax)(cHcoo-

1 -1 2
= 73,4 4- 39,1 = 112,5 S2 .dlg .cm

Bai 19. 25°C dO dan dien ring cua BaC1, bang 0,002382
S6 tai cua ion Ba2+ trong dung dich nay bang 0,4375.

234
 Tinh tCic tuyet d6i oh in Ba217 va Cl- trong dung dich BaC1,
0,02N.

Giii.
DO dan dien dung luting cita dung dich BaCI, là :

1000x 1000.0,002382 -1 -1 2
= = 119,1 C2 .dlg .crn
C 0, 02

DO dan dien dining luting cita. ion Ba2+ bang

X(Ba2+) = X(BaCl2)
Ba2+

= 119,1 . 0,4375 = 52,1 SZ 1.dlg i.crn2

DO dan dien duong Wong dia. ion Cl- bang :

X = (BaCl2
X•t )
(C1)
= 119,1. (1 7 0,4375) = 67,00 S2 1.dlg 1.cm2
T6c dO tuyet d6i caa ion tinh bang cOng auk :

U=—
F.

D6i vdi cation Ba2+ :

X 52- 1
U=+= ' =5,4.10-4 cm
F 96500 giay.von

D6i voi anion C1 :

X 67 cm2
U= - = 6,94.10
F 96500 giay.von

235
Bai 20. De xac dinh s6 tai to dien phan mot dung dich AgNO3
vai cac dien cut bang bac. Lugng AgNO3 trong khu anOt truck
va sau dien phan bang 0,2278g va 0,2818 g. Trong qua trinh dien
phan c6 0,0194 g Cu bam vao catOt cita culong ke" dOng mac n6i
ti6p vbi binh dien phan. Tim s6 tai cila Ag+ va NO3 .

Giai.

Lining bac c6 trong khu antot trudc va sau dien phan c6 gia
tri bang :

0,2278
= 1,340.103 mol
170

0,2818
va = 1,658.103 mol
170
DO tang linIng bac 6 khu an6t sau khi dien phan :

(1,658 - 1,340).103 = 0,318.103 mol

S6 Faraday dien lung di qua binh dien phan là :

0,0194
= 0,0006105 F
31,77

Vay s6 tai anion NO3 bang :

Am (1,658-1,31).10-3
tN = 052
03- F 0,6105.10

t = 1- - tNO- = 1 - 0,52 = 0,48

Ag+ 3

236
 Bai loan nay cling co the giai theo mot cach khac nhu sau : VI co
stt tuong tac gift dien cut Ag veri dung dich AgNO3 trong dien
phan nen luting bac bi hoa tan tinh bang s6 duong luting gam
chinh bang s6 Faraday dien luring luu thOng, do do a klui anOt s6
throng Ittong bac tong cong se bang : -

(1,34 + 0,6105).10-3 = 1,95.10-3

DO giam s6 dung luting gam bac & khu anot by gilt la :

(1,95 - 1,658).10-3 = 0,29.10-3

t = Am -0 29 10-3
Ag÷ a * - 0,18
F 0,61.10 -

tNO
; = 1 - 0,48 = 0,52

BM 21. Trong ong hinh tru dttOng Unit 8 mm ngueri to d6 hai thing
dich HC1 va NaC1 sao cho gitia 2 dung dich có Wt ranh giai ro
ret. Khi cho mot dung dien cueing (10 5mA di qua thi ranh giai di
chuyen vai t6c dO 0,085 mm/giay. Biel rang nong do dung dich
HC1 bang 0,01 M. Hay xic Binh s6 tai_cita ion W.
Giai.

Ap dung c6ng thtic da Mel :

= F.V.C+
1000.I.t

96500.n.(0,4)2 .0, 0085.0, 01

1000.0, 005.1

= 0,824

237
Bai 22. De' xac dinh so tai nguOi ta tien hanh dien phan dung dich
Cu(NO3), yeti alibi. bang Ag va catOt bang Cu. Sau mOt thOi gian
dien phan ngueri ta thay rang dung dich khu anOt chila 0,02 mol
AgNO3 con dung dich khu catOt 14i mat di 0,006 mol CU(NO 3)2.

a) Vie-t cac phan ting dien cu'c trong qua trinh dien phan va cho
bi6t tai in61 khu alien va catOt s6 duong luting chat dien phan
thu dirge hoac mat di do su tai ion la. bao nhieu ?

b) Tinh s6 tai anion NO3 .

Giai.
Trong qua trinh dien phan cac phan irng dien cue 1a nhu sau :

Tai anOt có su hoa tan dien cuc Ag :

Ag e = Ag+

Khu anOt : nhan throc t__(No) throng luting ion NO3 chuydn tOi;

song 14i mat di t + throng luting Cu ++ chuydn khei khu anOt. Tang
Ong tai khu nay cd thenf.1 duong luting AgNO3 va mat di t+
throng. luting Cu(NO 3),.

Tai catOt cc') su khir ion Cu++

Cu++ + 2e = Cu

Dung dich khu catOt nhan throc t + throng Wong Cu ++ va mat di t_

duong luting NO3 do str tai ion. Tang tong khu nay mat di t_

throng luting Cu(NO 3),.

238
 Dung dich khu catOt mat di 0,006 mol Cu(NO3)2 tdc là co
0,006.2 = 0,012 throng luting Cu(NO3)2 bi but di. 6 khu anOt co
0,02 mol AgNO3 tire la có 0,02 .duang luting AgNO3, do cling chinh
la s6 dien ltryng cho di qua dung dich Cu(NO3)2. Vdy F = 0,02.

S6 tai ion NO3 bang :

Arn 0 012
t= = =06.
F 0, 02

BM !Op ty giii

VIII. DO phan li a cila Wit chdt dien phan ydu trong dung dich nu&
co thay ddi khOng va thay ddi nhu the nao khi tang nhiet (14:? ?
•
Hang s6 phan mot chat dien phan yell se thay d6i nhu
the nao khi thay dung mOi nu& bang ruvu metylic ? (bO qua
tuang tac hOd hoc gala chilt tan va dung mOi. Hang s6 dien mOi
H2 0 < ECH3OH )*

VII.3. Hay bidu thi hang s6 phan li hoan loan cua axit cacbonic qua
dophanliavanongdOC.,

VII.4. Nhiing nguyen nhan cita su phan li chat - dien phan thanh cac
ion trong dung dich ?

VII.5. Cho biel nhUng •dai• luting nhiet Ong nao ddc trong cho str
hidrat hod ion ? CO the tien down kha nang hidrat hod ion trong
dung dich dua vao dO Ion va &Su cua cac dai ltryng do hay
khOng ? Giai thich.

239
VII.6.' O Wit nal-1g (10 da cho, d6 phan li cua hai axit hilu co mot
chtic bang 0,2 va 0,5. ,exit nao se c6 hang so. phan li lan hon va
Ion hon bao nhieu Fan ?

VII.7. Sq phu thu0c caw hang so phan axit propionic

C3H7COOH vao nhiet d0 ducic bieu thi bang phuong trinh :

1033, 4
lg = 0,013T +2,52
T

Hay -tinh nhiet dien li cua axit nay o 25°C.

Dap so" : - 2,3 kJ/mol

VII.8. Dung dich 2,45 g H2SO4 trong 500 g nuoc dOng dac
- 0,2055°C. Hang so nghiem lanh cita nu6c bang 1,86. Xac dinh
he s6 ding twang i.
Dap so- : 2,21

VII.9. Dung dich 0,66 g CH3COOH trong 100 g nu6c dOng dac
- 0,210°C. Hang s6 nghiem lanh cua nu& bang 1,86. Hay chtIng
to rang CH3COOH la mot axit yeti.

vim. CS 25°C hang so phan li cUa NH4OH bang 1,79.10-5. HOi

nong c10 nao d6 phan Fi cita NH4OH bang 2%. Tinh [long d0 OH
trong dung dich nay.

Dap se; : 0,447 mol/L; 8,94.10 3 iong/L

VII.11. Hang s6 phan li cua axit benzoic C6H5COOH bang 6,3.10-D,

cUa axit axetic CH3COOH bang 1,79.10-5. Xac dinh ti s6 nong

240
 dO ion H+ trong dung dich (long phan tit cua axit benzoic va axit
axetic.

Dap so" : 1,9

VII.12. Cho biet nhimg su khdc nhau co' ban ve li thuy6t dung dich
theo quan diem co didn cua Areniut va theo quan diem hien dai
dm Dobai - Hucken.

VII.13. Tai sao lai goi sir On dung bac nhSt cua phuong trinh Dobai
- Hucken là dinh luat giOi han cila Dobai - Hucken ?

Cho biet su dp dung thuyet Dobai - Hucken vao dung dich chat
dien phan yeu.
VII.14. Viet bieu thdc toan cna dinh luat giOi han cUa Dobai -
Hucken- d6i vOi dung dich AlC13.

VII.15. Trinh bay khdi niern bau khi guy& ion. Ban kinh khi quydn
ion se thay dOi nhu the nao khi chuyen tit dung dich nu& (hang
s6 dien mOi bang 81) sang dung dich ruou (hang s6 dien mOi
bang 24) ding Wing dO va nhiet dO ?

VII.16. He s6 hoat dO ion trung binh phu thuOc vao ruing dO dung
dich nhu th6 nao d6i vai cdc chat dien' phan co hod tri ion
khdc nhau ?

VII.17. Su phu thuOc cila he s6 hoat do ion trung binh vao luc ion cila
dung dich duoc bieu thi bang phuong trinh kinh nghiem :

h-11-
1g7-1- =
- 1+ AVY

Hay cho biet bang do thi, h va A chroc xac dinh nhu th'6 nao ?

16-BTHL-A 241
V11.18. Cho • cdc chat din phan c6 hod tri ion khdc nhau : 1- 1 ; 1 ---- 2 ;
2 - 2 ; 1 - 3. Hay so sanh Ming d6 molan m+ va lite ion cira dung
dich cac chat di6n phan tren 6 nong dr) molan m.

VII.19. Xac dinh hoar dO cua BaCI, trong dung dich 0,1m n6u
0,501.
7+BaCI 2 -

Dap so : 5,03.10-4

VII.20. Xac dinh hoat do va hoat (10 trung binh cira ZnSO 4 trong
dung dich 0,1 m ne'u y+ = 0,148.

Dap : 2,19.10 4 ;
1,48.10 2.

VII.21. D4a vao dinh luat gidi han cua Dubai - Hucken, hay xac dinh
he s6 hoat d6 ion trung binh cita K 3Fe(C1\1)6 trong dung dich c6
(10 molan bang 0,001 n6u A = 0,509.
Dap so" : 0,762-

VII.22. Xac dinhh6 s6 hoat dO ion trung binh cua FeC13 khi dung
dich china 0,001 mol FeC13 va 0,005 mot H,SO 4 trong 1000 g
nude. Khi tinh sit dung dinh luat gidi han cua Dobai - Hucken
vdi A = 0,509.
flap so : 0,604.

VII.23. Xac dinh h6 s6 hoat d6 ion trung hint theo thang n6ng dO
molan d6i v6i BaC12 trong dung dich 0,5%.
Dap se; : 0,733

242 16-BTHL-B
 VII.24. Dtra - vao dinh luat gi6i han cua Dobai - Hucken, hay tinh he
so hoat dO cac ion Na+, La3+, Cl va NO3 trong dung dich nu6c
6. 298K bi6t rang nong dO NaCI la 0,002M, ciia La(NO3)3 la
0,001M.

Dap so": y Y
=" Cl—
Y
NOs, =
0,90

1f La + =
0,39

VII.25. 6 313K 7+ cita CdI, trong dung dich nacre nong do 0,005m
bang 0,506. Xac dinh y± cua Cdl, trong dung dich nong do
0,002m cling 6 nhiet dO tren.

Dap so": 0,65

VII.26. 6 298K (10 phan li a cha axit monocloaxetic trong dung dich
nir6c nong dO: 0,01M bang 0,33. Dua vao phuo'ng trinh Dobai -
Hucken, xac dinh he s6 hoat do trung binh cua axit tren va hang
s6 phan li nhiet citing Ka.

Dap so": 0,8893 ; 1,42.103

VII.27. 6 298K tich s6 tan cila AgC1 bang 1,71.101°. Tim do tan
cua AgCl?Inhiet d0 tren. DO tan nay se thay ddi the nao khi hoa
tan AgC1 vao dung dich KCl nong d0 0,01 m (khi tinh hay sir
dung phuo'ng trinh Dobai - Hucken).

Dap so : DO tan giam tai gia tri khoang 10-8

VII.28. 6 298K dung dich dem dugc hinh thanh khi tr'On 100cm3 axit
axetic 0,1M v6i 100cm 3 NaCH3COO nong (10 0,2M. Dung dich
d4rn nay c6 pH = 4,95 (pH = - Iga H, ). Xac dinh hang s6 phan ti

243
 nhiet dOng cua axit axetic d 298K (chit y : khi tinh he s6 hoat dO
cita ion, hay sir dung phuong trinh Dobai — Hucken du6i clang :

lgyi =
AZ 2i i
+

flap so : 1,7.105

VII.29. Tich s6 tan nhiet Ong cua AgC1 trong nude 6 298K bang
1,77.10 1°. Hay tinh dO tan cita AgC1 6' 298K trong nacre ; trong
dung dich KNO3 Wong dO 0,01 m va trong dung dich MgSO 4
n6ng d6 0,005m (khi tinh hay van dung dinh luat gidi han cita.
Dubai — Hucken dd tint he s6 hoat d6 ion).

Dap so : 1,34.10 5 ; 1,50.10 5 ; 1,57.105.

VII.30. DO tan dm AgI03 trong nude 6 298K bang 0,0505 g/L.

)(tic dinh :

a) Tich só tan nhiet (Ring cita AgI03 ;

b) DO tan cita AgI03 trong dung dich nude cita Na,SO 4 nong
dO 0,01M.

Trong tit-1h town hay sir dung phuong trinh :

1g Y ± =
1+j

Dap so : 3,09.108 ; 0,059

VII.31. DO tan S cua inu6i phire :

244
 [Co(NEI3)4C204]+ [Co(NH3),(NO2)2C204]

trong dung dich ntr6c cua NaCi 6 25°C dugc cho du6i day :

CNaci [m(`I/1-1 0 0,001 0,005 0,01 .0,02

S.103 l[niol/I] 0,490 0,500 0,522 0,540 0,565

'Nth :

a) 'rich s6 tan nhiet Ong cua mu6i pink kilo tan da cho.

b) He s6 hoat dO ion trung binh cua phiIc & moi n6ng (10.

c) Hang s6 A trong phuorng trinh gidi han Dobai — Hucken.

Dap so : 2,28.107
0,975 ; 0,955 ; 0,915 ; 0,885 ; 0,845
A = 0,52
VII.32. Mac Innes va Shedlovsky (J.Am Chem.Soc, 1937 59 503) da
thu duvc ket qua du6i day v6 sir phu thuOc n6ng dO cua he s6
hoat (10 trung binh cua KC1 :

C 0,005 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,10

7+ 0,9274 0,9024 0,8702 0,8192 0,8320 0,8070 0,7872 0,7718

r-
Ve do thi trong toa (10 -vI va xac dinh thong s6 kinh
Ig 7+
iighiem a trong phirong trinh men rOng cua Dobai — Hucken.

VII.33. Hang s6 phan li nhiet d6ng cua mot axit HA bang 3,3.10 4 6
25°C. Tinh (10 phan li a cua axit nay trong dung dich 0,2M co
club them MgC1-; 1M.

245
 Dap sea :,8,5.10 2

VII.34. DO dan dien rieng dia dung dich CH3COOH 0,05N bang
0,00032452 1 .cm 1 . Xac Binh dO dan diOn duong *frig A, dO
phan li a, nong dO ion H+ , va hang s6 phan li Kc cua CH3COOH
neU dO dan diOn throng luqng cua dung dich axit o dO loang v6
tan bang 347,8 Q1 .cm2.d1g+1.

flap so A = 668 ; a = 0,0186 ; C H+ = 9,3.10-4

Kc = 1,76.10 5

VII.35. Dung dich CuSO4 0,1M ditqc do trong binh do 40 dan diOn
có nhang thOng s6 kit thuat nhu sau : diOn tich m6i diOn cuc bang
2
4cm , khoang cach hai diOn ctrc bang 0,7cm, diOn tra dia dung
dich do duqc bang 23 Q. Xac dinh dO dan cliOn ring va dO dan
diOn duong Wong dia dung ditch CuSO4.
Q-1.cm 1 ; 38 Q-1.cm2.dig-i
flap so' : 7,6.10 3

VII.36. CS 25°C, khi do diOn tr.& cila dung dich BaC12 o cac nong dO
khac nhau da thu duqc k6t qua nhu sau :

Clnio1/1,i 0,0002 0,0005 0,001 0,002

R [Q] 27520 11160 5680 2905

Xac dinh dO dan dien mol gidi han & dO loang v6 tan cUa dung
dich BaC12, bi'et rang hang so binh bang 1,5cm-1.
.cm2.mo1-1.
X.„= 280 Q 1

246
VII.37. O 25°C dung dich NH4C1, NaC1 va NaOH c6 do dan dien
throng luo'ng c d6 bang v6 tan Fan lucrt bang 149,7 ; 126,45 ; va
-1 2 -i
217,8 Q .cm .d1g .

Tinh cila dung dich amoniac.

Dap so": = 270,15 S2-1.cm2.d1g-1.

VII.38. Dung dich axit yeU HA 6 25°C va 6 dO bang 32 lit c6 c10 dan
dien dung ltryng bang 9,2 Q-1.cm2.d1g-1.

cila dung dich nay bang 389 f2, i.cm2.dlg-1.

Tinh nong do ion f1+ va hang s6 phan li cua axit nay.

Dap so": CH+ = 7,4.10-4 ; = 1,8.105

VII.39. 298K, (10 dan dien duong lacing cita dung dich axit yeu HA
el cac tieing do khac nhau (lucre cho dir6i day :

C Imola.] 0,007335' 0,001856 0,000466 0

X [Q 1.cm2.dlg 1] 193,9 282,6 347 386,1

Tinh gia tri trung binh dia hang s6 phan

Dap sd: = 3,77.10-3

VII.40. DO dan dien rieng caa dung dich H,SO 4 4% 6 18°C bang
0,1675. Kh6i lacing rieng cUa dung dich & nhiet (116 nay bang
1,0255 g/cm3. Xac dinh X cita dung dich axit.

Dap so": X = 200,2 Q21.cm2.d1g-1

247
V11.41. Dung dich bao hoa AgBr c6 do dan dien rieng bang
0,57.10-7Q-1cm-1. X„, cua dung dich niN bang 121,9 Q-1cm" .
Xac dinh (10 an cita AgBr, bidu thi bang g/L.

Dap so : 8,78.105

VII.42. Dung dich CH3COOH nong d6 0,05 N c6 x bang

3,24.104 C21.cm 1. Dung dich NaCH3COO nong (10 0,0001 N
co do dan dien rieng x bang 7,75.10-6 S2 1.CII1 1. Linh dO ion H+
va Na+ bang 314,9 va 43,5 f2-1.cm2.d1g-1. Xac dinh hang so
phan li cna CH3COOH.

Dap so- : 1,76.105

VII.43. Hon hop mu6i nong chay KC1 + NaCla 800°C va c6 nong d6
phan s6 mol cita NaC1 la 0,56, co (1.0 dan dien rieng bang 2,862
Q-1.cm-1. Kh6i lung rieng oh dung dich mu6i nong chay
800°C bang 1,484 g/cm3. Xac dinh (10 dan dien throng Wong cita
dung dich.

Dap so.: 126,5 Q-1.cm2.dlg 1

VII.44. K6t qua do X ciia dung dich KC1 er 25°C theo nong (10 throe
ghi lai thrOi day :
C irnolad 0,02 0,01 0,005 0,001

X [S2 1 .cm2.d1g-11 138,34 141,27 143,55 146,95

Xac dinh 2■„ cna KC1.

Dap so : 149,1

248
VII.45. DO clan dien rieng cua dung -dich NaCI 6' 18°C phu thuOc van
neing dO nhtr sau :

C [mol/L] 0,0005 0,001 0,002 0,005

I04 .x 1.cm-1] 0,536 1,065 2,110 5,170

Tim phuong trinh bieu dien sir phu thuOc caa X Va.°

Dap so : X = 108,9 - 76,03/6

VII.46. Xac dinh t6c dp tuyet d6i caa ion MnO4- neu sau 10 phut ion
chuyen d6i duck: mot doan bang 2,5 cm ; the hieu dat vao hai cuc
each nhau 16,13 cm c6 gia tri bang 120 von.

Dap so" : 5,6.10-4cm .von 1.giay-- 1

VII.47. Xac dinh t6c d0 tuyet d6i cita ion NHq neu c10 dan dien
rieng x cua diang dich N1-14C1 0,0001 N bang 1,29.105 S21.cm-1
va firth do ion Cl- bang 64,9 n

Dap so : 6,6.10-4 cm2 .von 1.giay-1

VII.48. DO din dien during luting cita natri lactat & 25°C va or cac
tieing do khac nhau duot cho duari day :

C.103 0,1539 0,3472 0,6302 1,622 2,829 4,762

X 87,89 87,44 86,91 85,80 84,87 83,78

Ve due ng bieu dien trong toa dO X - va tim he s6 goc cua

throng bieu dien thu du6c. Xac dinh sanh he s6 g6c thtrc
nghiem vOi gia tri thu dtrot theo phtrong trinh Dobai - Onxaygio.

249
VII.49. Wit 6ng hinh tru dai 100 cm, tiet dien ngang 2 cm2 chtla Wit
dung dich MCI 0,1M (chat dien phan mph). flat vao hai dau
6ng mot the hieu sao cho dOng dien di qua dung dich co cueing
d6 0,01A. Nal. A. dia ion M+ bang 60 Q-1.cm2.dlg 1, tinh t6c d6
dm ion M+ (ra cm.giay 1) bia rang A. dm MCI hang 136.

Dap so : 2,29.10 4 cm.giay-1

VII.50. Binh do d6 dan dien co dien troy 468 f2 khi binh china dung
dich HC1 0,001M ; 1580 S2 khi china dung dich NaCI 0,001 M va
1650 Q khi chda dung dich NaNO3 0,001 M. Biel rang A, dia
NaNO3 bang 121. BO qua su thay d6i cfra..k theo n6ng d6, hay
tinh :

a) . DO dan dien rieng cua NaNO3 0,001 M.

b) Hang s.6 binh.

c) Dien trO caa binh do khi binh china HNO3 0,00IM.

d) HNO3.

Dap so : 1,21.104 n 1.cm 1 ; 0,9 cm-1 ;

2 -1
474 f2 ; 422 Q-1.cm .dlg

VII.51. DO dan dien rieng ciia dung dich NaOH 0,1 M bang 0,0221
S21.cm 1. Khi them inOt dung dich HCl 0,1M vdi the tich tuong
&tong vao dung dich tren thi dO dan dien rieng giam tdi 0,0056
Q lcm 1 . Sau khi them tiep mot the tich tuong duong nua cua
HCl thi x dat tdi tri só 0,0170 f2icm-1. Tinh do dan dien throng
Wong cua NaOH, NaC1, HCl va dia. H2O.

250
 Dcip sa.: 221 ; 112 ; 403 ; 512.

VII.52. ( 25°C dien Era cila mot binh do dO dan then bang 220000 Q
khi binh nay chila nude nguyen ch'St ; bang.100 Q khi china dung
dich KCI 0,02 M va bang 10200052, khi china dung dich AgCI bao
hoa. Gang tai nhiet d6 nay dO dan dien duong luting cua AgCI
bang 126,8 c21.cm2.dlg-1 ; cita KCI bang 138,3 S21 .cm2.dIg-1.

Xac Binh :

a) Hang s6 binh.

b) DO dan dien rieng dm dung dich AgCI bao hoa.

c) DO tan dia AgCI d 25°C ra mol/L

Dap so ": 0,277 cm 1 ; 2,71.106-Q21.cm 1 ;

1,14.10-5 mol/L

VII.53. HCI, NaC1 va NaCH3COO c6 dO clan dien duo'ng *trig lin

lugs bang 420, 126 va 91 Q lcm2.dlg 1. Tinh 2. cua CH3COOH.

Dien trOh ciaa mot binh do dO dan dien china CH3COOH 0,1M
bang 520 Q ; nhung khi them mot luting vixa du NaC1 tinh the
vao dung dich trdn de' c6 the dat tai in0t dung dich NaC1 c6 nong
dO khoang 0,01 M, thi dien tra hie nay bang 122 Q. Hai hang s6
binh bang bao nhieu ; tinh nOng dO ion H+.

Dcip so": X cH 3com= 385 ; 0,2 cm 1 ;

CH+ = 0,001M

251
VII.54. Khi dien phan dung dich CuCI, 0,01N voi dien cue graphit
thi c6 0,3175g Cu bam vao catOt. D6 giam CuC12 o khu catOt
tinh theo Cu bang 0,1905g. Tinh va t_.

Dap se.: 0,4 va 0,6

VII.55. DO' dan dien throng ltrong 6 c10 bang v6 tan dia. HC1 6 25°C
115 1.--2-1.cm2.d.g--1.
bang SS tai cua cation Li+ bang 0,33. DO dan
dien duong !Yong 6 d6 bang v6 tan cila NH4CH3COO 6 25°C
bang 114,7 f21.cm2.dle l . SS tai ciia anion CH3COO bang
0,36. Xac dinh LiCH3COO.

Dap sa : 79,3

VII.56. T6c d6 tuyet doi cila ion Ca2+ va NO3 khi cu6ng (10 dien
tru1ng bang 1 von/cm la 0,00062 cm2/v.s va 0,00071 cm2/v.s.
Xac dinh s6 tai cita ion Ca++ va NO3 trong dung dich Ca(NO3)2.

Dap so" : 0,456 ; 0,514

VII.57. Ngueri ta dien phan m6t dung dich CdCI, v6i dien ctrc platin
trong 1 gi6, a cu6ng d6 deng la 0,2A. Biel s6 tai ion Cd2+ bang
0,414, hay tinh d6 giant CdCI, (ra gam) 6 khu carot va anOt.

Dap so" : 0,2831 ; 0,4008

VII.58. Ngtrei ta dien phan mot dung dich HCI 0,1 M v6i cac dien
cue Pt. Sau dien phan c6 34,2 mg •Cu ham vao catOt caa culling
k6 (ong mac not tie"p v6i binh dien phan. SU phan tich 50 cm3
dung dich HCI 6' khu anOt sau dien phan cho thay neing d6 dung
dich nay bang 0,0821 M.

2 52
 a) Xac dinh tH, Va ta_ .

b) Nal dem phan tich 50cm3 dung dich khu catOt thi neing dO
dung dich se 1a bao nhieu ?

Dap so: 0,83 ; 0,17 ; 0,0963M

VII.59. Dung dich ZnCI, 0,15 m duos dien phan v&i anOt Zn. Sau
dien phan & khu anOt thgy c6 0,8907 g ZnCI, trong 38,6 g nude ;
con or khu catOt c6 0,6560 g ZnCl 2 trong 37 g ntro.c. Tren catOt
cita culOng ke- bac c6 0,2728 g Ag barn vao. Xac dinh va t_.

Dap so" : 0,417 ; 0,583

VII.60. Dien phan dung dich AgNO3 china 14,055 g AgNO3 trong
1000 g nu& v(ri 2 etre A it. Trong qua trinh diem phan c6 0,1020g
Ag ham vao catOt. Su phan tich khu anOt cho thy c6 0,4109 g
Ag trong 40 g ntroc. Xac dinh tA , va tN0,; .

Dap : 0,4725 ; 0,5275

VII.61. Dien phan mot dung dich chat dien phan manh AB vai cubrng
dO clang 0,1 A trong 9650 giay. Dung dich AB c6 nang dO dau
bang 0,1 m. Su phan tich dung dich AB sau dien phan cho thy
c6 0,0165 mol AB trong 100 g nude. Tim s6 tai cila cation A +
trong dung dich AB bie't rang cac phan (mg xay ra trong dien
phan la nhu sau :

A — e = A+ (tai anOt)

A+ + e = A (tai catOt)

Dap s6' : 0,35

253
VII.62. Dien phan mot dung dich AgX trong do có 1,5 g AgX chtla
trong 101,5 g dung dich. Su dien phan duck tie'n hanh cho tOi khi
thu duoc 1,0787- g Ag barn yap catOt thi dimg lai. Dem can dung
dich khu catOt thay kh6i Wong la. 100,5 g va 'clb 0,5 g AgX.
Xac dinh t Ag, trong dung dich AgX Mei rang kh6i luong mol

cUa AgX bang 150.

Dap so : 0,333

VII.63. Dien phan dung dich HC1 0,01M vOi 2 cuc Pt. Khu catOt chtla
100g dung dich ; s6 tai ion CI- trong dung dich HCl bang 0,18.
HOi phai dien phan trong bao lau (tinh ra giay) vOi cuOng dO
(Ring la 0,1A de nOng d6 dung dich khu catOt giam di 1%.

Dap so : 53,6 giay.

VII.64. S6 tai ion Na+ trong dung dich NaCI 0,02 M duoc xac dinh
bang phuong phap ranh giOi di d6ng. Dung dich nay duoc dat
trong sing hinh tru tiet dien ngang 0,1115 cm2, cuOng d0 dong
dien di qua la 1,6.103A. Sau 45 phtit 57 giay, ranh giOi di
chuyen duoc mot doan bang 8 cm. Hay tim t Na, .

Dap so : 0,39

VII.65. De xac dinh s6 tai ion K+ riguai to sir dung phuong phap ranh
gioi di Ong gitia hai dung dich KCI 0,1M va LiCI 0,065 M trong
do dung dich LiC1 duoc dung lam chat chi thi. Cho bie't cueing dO
dOng bang 5,893 mA ; tiet dien ngang cita (Mg do la 11,42 mm2,
toc dO di Ong cua ranh gibi la 0,0263 mm/giay. Hay xac dinh s6
tai va t6c dO tuyet d6i dia. ion K.

254
 Dap so" : t+ = 0,492
= 6,58.10 C1112 .von-1.giay-1
-4

VII.66. Trong plurong OAp ranh gi6i di &Ong, de xac dinh s6 tai
to sir dung mot Ong hinh tru dui-mg Unit 1,5 cm va dat vao
do 2 dung dich tie-p xuc nhau ; dung dich NiSO4 0,02 N va dung
dich K2SO4. Cho mot dOng dien ctrOng d0 0,002 A qua Ong trong
3 giir. HOi ranh gicii ti6p xtic hai dung dich se di chuye'n &roc
mot doan bang bao nhieu bie't rang tNi2+ = 0,404.

Dap so": 2,56 cm

VII.67. Nam 1923 Mac Innes va Smith da xac dinh s6 tai cila ion K+
bang phtrong phap ranh gi6i di &Ong v6i cac thong s6 sau day :

Dung dich nghien dm la. KCl 0,1 N.

Dung dich chi thi la LiC1 0,065N.

I = 0,005893 A.

Tiet dien Ong la 0,1142 cm2.

Ka qua do duoc ghi 14i dui day :

Kho6ng cach di Ong [cm] 0,5 5,50 5,80 6,10 6,70 7

Thdi gian [glay] 0 1900 2016 2130 2357 2472

Xac dinh s6 tai trung binh cira K+.

Biet cuOng dO dien truiing bang 4- von/cm, xac dinh t6c dq tuyet
d6i cila ion K+.
flap so : 0,5356 ; 7,14.10-4cm2v 1s-1

255
 CHUUNG VIII
NGUYEN TO GANVANI

1. Nhiet dOng hoc ye nguyen 16 Ganvani

Nguyen to Ganvani la mot thiel bi then hod cho phep bi6n dOi
hod. nang thanh dien nang. Nguyen to Ganvani diet' hinh ya co
dien la nguyen to (hay con dtroc goi la pin) Danien — GiacObi
duce vie't theo so' dO

Zn ZnSO4(mi ):CuSO4(m2 )1Cu

—>
—

Chieu quy u6c caa dong dien da &roc chi ra or so dó tren, theo do
6 mach ngoai dOng dien di chuyen to phai sang ft-di do do clic
throng cita nguyen to Ganvani & phla phai, con cue am se 6 ben
trai dia so do. Nguyen to dien hod duo'c vier theo quy tr6c & tren
hao gi6 cling ling vai gid tri throng cila sire dien Ong (sdd) E.

256
 Gia tri throng ciia E co nghia la dong dien lira thong melt cacti to
nhien then chieu d5 chi ra i7 tren.

Nguyen to Ganvani gom hai ram nguyen to (hai then cut).

Nth nguyen to phai cUa so do tren se la cut dining (hay anot) ;
con nUa nguyen to trai se thing vai tro cut am (hay catot) cUa
nguyen to.
r.
Phan Ung dien hod xay ra trong nguyen to khi nguyen to nay lam
viec la str - ke't hap hai phan (mg dien CLIC (phan dug r moi rata
nguyen t6).

Tai cut am (catot) cita nguyen to xay ra sir oxi hod :

Zn — 9e = Zn2+

Tai cut throng (anot) cUa nguyen to xay ra sir khir :

Cu2+ + 2e = Cu

Phan tIng tong quat ,la sir ke't hop 2 phan ting tren :

Zn + Cu- = Zn- + Cu

Theo so do nguyen too tren, gida hai dung dich dien phan xuk
hien mot hieu the duot ggi la the khueth tan do su khdc nhau ye
linh c10 cac ion throng va am. Nat luu y tai moi qud trinh dien
cut va str tai thl cl6i vai phan (rng trong pin cla cho, bidu tilde ye
sire dien Ong throe cho bgi phuung trinh Necxt :

RT 2+
E = E° In az"
2F a Cu-÷

Wit each tong quit, nai phan Ung trong pin xay ra theo
phuong trinh :

17-BTHL-A 257
 aA + bB + = mM + nN +

thi sdc dien Ong E bang :

n
RT = am.a N
E =E - — nF Q b
aaA •a- B

a1 la hoat de cUa Oat i. -

n la s6 electron trao dei trong phan drig dien hoa.

25°C, phuong trinh Necxt c6 dang :

0 059
E = E° lg Q

Sac. dien Ong E c6 the clugc tint' neltbi6t the cUa tong dien cuc
(the ram nguyen t6). The dien cue dagc„hieu theo quy tree sau :

D6i voi nira nguyen to Ong voi phan Ong :

H+ + e = 1H, thl E° = O.
2

Nhu vay dei voi nira nguyen to khao sat, c6 the xem nhu hoan
toan ttrong duong voi met nguyen to hoan chinh gem nira nguyen
to nghien eau ke't hop voi nira nguyen to hidro chuan. Theo quy
trac Stockholm (Thuy Dien), nira nguyen to hidro chuan &roc
xe"p ben trai dm so do nguyen to, va sire dien &Ong cUa met
nguyen to nhu vay chinh la the dien cue cp.

Tom lai the dien ctrc N cna met dien cue (nira nguyen t6) la sac
dien Ong cUa met nguyen to Ganvani cki tao boi dien CLIC hidro
chuan xeep & ben trai so 06 nguyen to va dien cue MIA° sat. The
dien cue cp có the duong hoac am.

258 17-BTHL-B
Theo quy tnic viet so do nguyen td thi sac dien (Icing E bang hieu
giira the- cua dien during horn va th6 cua dien ctrc am hon.

E = (1)(+) (P(--)
Vi du, dOi vai nguyen to Danien - Giacebi thi :

E (1)(-0 (1)(-)

= (PCu++ /Cu - (4)Zn++ /Zn

RT ,
Pcurrf /cu (PC„,-+ , Cu +n
— F
i acu

RT
?F, lnazn.
(1)Zn++ /Zn = (PL++ /Zn

Day la hai phtrorng trinh Necxt v6 the dien cuc. Nen nguyen to
dien hoa lam vier trong dieu _kien thuan nghich nhiet dOng thi
cOng do pin san ra

A'max = -AG = nFE

Khi bidu thi E bang von, F = 96500 culOng thi Amax aing nhu
AG dtroc tit-1h ra jun. MuOn bidu thi cOng dien ra calo thi phai
nh6 rang 1 cal = 4,18 jun.

Ngoai ra d6i v6i pin dien, cac bie'u thirc sau dtroc ap dung :

AS = nF (OE \
dr p

AH = nF —aE --E
T( 01'4

259
 o RT
E= In K
nF

K là hang s6 can bang eila phan Crng xay ra trong pin. D6i voi pin
nong do c6 sir tai kieu :

(Pt)H2 1HCI (mi ) HCI (m2)1H2(Pt)

thi stic dien Ong dirge via :

E = Ee + Ei

o day Ee la sire dien dOng gan lien vii cac qua trinh dien tire,
con Ei la the khuech tan. Str tinh toan cho thSy :

RT In(4
E = 2t . -) 2
F (a+ )1

RT (4)2
Vi E, = nen the khuech tan E, bang:
F (a+ )1

RT (a+ )2
E, = E1 — E2 = 1) In -
F (a, )1

RT (a+ )
F (a± )1

VI t_ = va t, = X+ nen the khuech tan E, bang :

+ X÷ +

— RT (a.1 )
E. = . .1n 2
X+ + X_ F

D6i vii nguyen t6 n6ng dO tao bOi 2 dien circ loci 2, vi du :

260
 Ag, AgC11Hel(mi ):HCI(m2 )1AgC1, Ag

RT (a+ )
thi E = —2t+ . In 2
F (a.„)1

RT In (4)1 RT In (4)1
= E — Ee =
F (a+ )2 F •(a±.)2

). RT (a± )i (t+ t ). RT (a±.)/

EJ In
F (a+ )2 F (a+ )2

2. MO s6 ling dung ctia sit do SSD

ciia nguyen to Ganvani

1. D6 pH

Nguiri ta loci dung phtrang phap do sire dien dOng de xac dinh dQ
pH (pH = —Ig ) cita dung dich. Nhu th6 nguyen t6 c6 sire dien
&Ong phal do se cgu tao tool hai dien cuc trong do c6 mot dien
cuc chi thi, tiro la dien cuc ma the phu thuOc vao hoat dO hay
nong de, ion hidro. Co nhidu dien cuc chi thi nhu dien cure hidro,
dien cuc quinhidron, dien cuc thity tinh, dien cuc antimon

2. He s6 host d6 ion trung binh elm chit di0 phin

Bang phu6ng phap do dien th6 ngtr6i ta c6 thd xac dinh chinh
xac he s6 hoat dO trung binh cua chat dien .phan. Khi do nhieu
kidu nguyen t6 Ganvani thich hyp &rye sir dung, hay dung lion
ca la pin it6ng dO co tai va khong co tai.

261
3. Tich s6 tan dm chat khO tan

'rich s6 tan T cita met chat khO tan -chinh là hang s6 can bang
giira chat ran va ion cila no trong dung dich. Phuo'ng phap-thich
hop nhat dd xac dinh T IA phuong phap do sire dien &Ong. Ve
nguyen tac main xac dinh -T cua met chat kilo tan MA, ta lap
mach sau :

A !chat tan A- I MA(r), M

Tuy nhien trong thuc t6 nguii ta tat sir dung met phuong phap It
chinh xac hon bang each lap mach :

M, MA(r) I NaAl IKCII Hg2Cl2 , Hg

Phuong phap do dien th6. con &roc dung rung rai dd xac dinh
hang s6 kitting ben cita phirc chat, trong viec chudn do (chidn de
dien the), xac dinh hang s6 phan

Bai tap CO Iasi giai

Bai 1. Nguyen to Ganvani duoc thia lap vdi 2 dien cuc done, va
cadimi :

(qt,„ lot =0,337V) ;q)s_,d*4 /Cd - 0,403V)

Hay via phuong trInh bidu thi str phu thuec cua sire dien Ong E
Va0 hoat de cac ion, via so d6 nguyen to Ganvani va phuong
trinh phan (mg xay ra trong nguyen to nay.

Giai.
D6i vii dien cue Cu, ta có phan ting :

262
 Cu2.+ + 2e = Cu

DOi vai dien arc Cd, ta c6 phan :

Cd2+ + 2e = Cd

Phtrong trinh Necxt d6i vdi cdc the dien arc Cu va. Cd ttro'ng fmg :

(Pcu2+ icu= RTIn

— a cu-
/1 + F

. RT I
(PCd2+ /Cd Cd
n 2+
= VCd2+
ac

Theo dieu kien cua dau bai ta c6 the via sac dien &Ong chudn
ntur sau :

E° — (P0Cu2+ / Cu — (P0Cd2± Cd

= 0,34 – (– 0,403). = 0,743 V > 0

Do 06 sire dien &Ong cita nguyen to hinh thanh se bang hieu cua
2 the dien arc Cu va cdu ddng :

E = (Pcu2+ /cu (PCd2+ /Cd

( cu2+ /al (P°Cd2+ /Cd RT In actl2+

2F --- ace+

Ling vdi bidu thtic nay dm sire dien Ong ta co so' do sau :

Cd Cd2+ cu2+1cu

V6i pin dtro'c via theo so' dO tren thi cdc phan img dien hod se
nhu sau :

263
 Tai anOt se c6 qua trinh oxi hod :

Cd — 2e = Cd2+

Tai catOt se c6 qua trinh khir :

Cu2+ + 2e = Cu

TOng quat : Cd + Cu2+ = Cd2+ + Cu

Bai 2. Cho pin Bien v6i so' do :

(1.30112 (p = 1)1HC1(a± = 0,15)1Hg2C12,Hg

6' 25°C tp° = 0,2681.

Cl /Hg2 C12 ,Hg

Hay tinh stic Bien Ong E.

Giai.

Vi6t- cac phan ting nira nguyen to :

Tai anOt : H2 — 2e = 2H+

Tai catOt_: Hg2C12 + 2e = 2Hg + 2C1-

Tong quat : H, + Hg2C12 = 2Hg + 2H+ + 2C1-

0, 059 2 .a 2
E = E° 1ga
2 ti+

= E° — 0, 0591g aH+ .acy

= E° — 0,0591g a2+(ma)

264
 E = 0,2681 - 0,118 lg 0,15 = 0,3653 V

Bai 3. 298°C, sac dien &Ong dia. pin :

Zn ZnC1,(0,05M) AgC1,Ag

bang 1,015V. HO s6 nhiet dO cita sac dien Ong bang - 0,000492

V.K-1. Vi6t cac phan ang dien hod va tit-1h cdc dai Itryng AG,
AH, va AS cita phan tIng xay ra trong pin 1298K.

GEM.

Phan ting anOt Zn - 2e = Zn2+

Phan (mg catOt 2AgC1 + 2e = 2Ag + 2C1

T6ng pat : Zn + 2AgC1 = 2Ag + Zn2+ + 2C1

AG = nFE = 2.96500.1,015 = - 196 kJ/mol

AH = - nFE + nFT rE)

= - 196 - 2.96500.298.0,000492.103

= - 224 kJ/mol

(8E
AS = n — = - 2.96500.0,000492.= - 95 J.K-1.mo1-1
aLp

Bai 4. 6 298K th6 chudn cua he redox Ce3+, Ce4+/Pt ; Fe2+, Fe3±/Pt
bang 1,61 va 0,77 von. Co the co k6t ludn gi ve cdc du kien tren
d6i v6i- dung dich chfra ca hai he redox nay ?

265
Giai.

Trong dung dich có can bang sau :

Ce
4+
+ Fel+ Ce3+ + Fe3+

6 trang thai can bang th6 oh 2 he redox nay bang nhau, do do :

4+
1,61 + 0,059 1g aCe = 0,77 + 0,059 1g :
a
a
ce' Fe2+

a .a
= 1,7.1014
3+ 3+
Ce Fe
Rut ra
a , .a 2+
CC+ Fe

Gia tri rat lon nay dm hang so can bang chtIng to rang cO the
dinh phan ion sat bang ion xeri.

Bai 5. Hay thie't lap so do nguyen t6 Ganvani dtra tren cac phan ting
tang quat sau day :

a) Zn + Cu2+ = Cu + Zn2+

b) Ag+ + Cl = AgC1

c) Zn + C12 = ZnCl2

d) HgO() + H, = Hg + H,0

el Ce4+ + Fe2+ = Ce3+ + Fe3+

Giai.

a) ZnZnS0411CuSO4 Cu

266
b) Phan Ling xay ra tai cuc bac — clorua bac :

Ag — e + CI =

Lay Oran img da cho trir di phan (mg nay ta c6 :

Ag+ + Cl = AgC1

AgC1 = Ag—e+Cl

Ag+ + e = Ag

pay chInh la phan (mg khir xay ra tren catOt cua nguyen to. Vay
nguyen to phai tim c6 so do :

Ag,AgCI KCI AgNO3 Ag

c) Phan (mg tren cuc Zn :

Zn — ?e = Zn2+

Phan irng tren cuc kill clo :

C12 + 2e = 2C1-

Nay (mg vdi phan fing wing quat da cho la nguyen to Ganvani vai
so do:

Zn ZnCI2 C12 (Pt)

hoac Zn ZnS0411KC1 C12 (Pt)

d) Trong phan ting Wing quat c6 mat cila H2 ; ta co the nghi rang
mot trong 2 dien cue phai la dien curt hidro : (Pt) H2 I dung dich
dien phan. Vi dien cuc hidro c6 the phu thuec vao hoat de ion

267
 nen phai co su phan li cua H,0 do do phan Ung tong quit xay
ra trong pin se dien ra nhu sau :

Hg0 + H2 + H,0 = Hg + 2H+ + 2011-

La'y phan ting nay trir di phan img xay ra 6 dien cuc hidro (anOt)
H, — 2e = 2H+, ta throe :

Hg0 + H, + H20 = Hg + 2H+ + 20H-

2H+ = H2 — 2e

Hg0 + H„O + 2e = Hg + 2011-

Day la phan 1mg tren catOt cua nguyen to phai thi6t lap. CatOt la
mot then cue loaf 2 thily ngan — oxit thay ngan tiep )(Ile v6i dung
dich then phan. Vay so do nguyen to Ganvani phai tim la :

(Pt) H2 'dung dich dien HgO, Hg

Dung dich dieh phan thich hop or day la dung dich KOH.

e) PtlFeSO4, Fe2(SO4)311Ce2 (SO4)3, Ce(SO4)21Pt

Bai 6. Tinh.sdc dien dOng 6' 25°C d6i vdi cac pin nong 110 sau :

a) AglAgNO3(0,01m)11AgNO3(0,1m)1Ag

b) AglAgNO (0, 01m): AgNO (0,1m)1Ag

c) Ag, AgClINaC1(0,1m)11NaC1(0, 01m) AgCI, Ag

d) Ag, AgC1 INaCI(0, 1m) : NaC1(0, 01m)1AgC1, Ag

268
 hie't rang he s6 boat (10 trung binh vii s6 tai c6 gia tri dtroi day

Y+

dung dich AgNO3 0,01 0,897 0,465

0,1 0,734 0,468

dung dich NaC1 0,01 0,903 0,392

0,1 0,778 0,385

Giii.

RT a (trong dung dich 0,1m)

a) E-= In
F a (trong dung dich 0,01m)
Ag+

Chgrynhan rang y .0, y , do do :

A = NO;

1.0, 734
E = 0,0591g 0, =0,054 V
0,01.0,897

a
RT A,,+ (trong clung dich 0,1 m)
b) E = 2t_ In -
F a (trong dung dich 0,01m)
Ag '

0,1 .0, 734

= 2 . 0.5335 . 0,059 1.2, 0,058 V
0,01.0,897

RT a _ (trong dung did) NaC10,1m)

E= In a
F a • Wong dung dich NaC10,01.m)
cr

Van gia thie't rang ''Na =Yci- , to co :

269
 E = 0,0591Q 0.1.0,778= (1,055 V
0,01.0,903

RT a (trong dung dich 0,1m)

d) E 2t+ In ci-
F dpi (trong dung dich 0,01m)
_

0,1.0,778
= 2 . 0,3885. 0,0591Q = 0,043 V
0,01.0,903

Bai 7. Cho pin nong dO sau 6 25°C :

(+)(Pt)H„ (1 atm)114C1(0, Olm): HC1(0, 001m)IH, (0, Olatm)(Pt)(—)

a) Bo qua hien mom!, till qua rank giOi hai dung dich, hay viel
phan xay ra trong nguyen to va tinh sire dien Ong.

b) Viet cac phan crng xay ra do sir tai ion uay ra va tinh th6
khu6ch tan Ei biet t+ = 0,8.

Giai.

a) Phan (mg anOt :

H (0,01 atm) — e = H + (0,001m)

2

Phan tang catOt :

H+ (0,01 m) + e = (1 atm)
2

T6ng quit :

-1
—H,(0,1 atm) + H+(0,01m)=—2 H,(1 atm)+ H+ (0,001m)
2 - -

270
 12.0 01
E = 0,059 1g(0, 01) ' =0
1.0,001

b) 1\161 de y t6i hien arcing tai ion, ta co :

t+H+ (0,01m) -> t+H+ (0,001m)

t_ CI- (0,001m) -> t_C1- (0,01m)

Th'6 khue-ch tanEJ. bang :

0, 01
E.J = (t_ - t+)
• 0,0591g 0, 00 = 0,0354 V

Bai 8. Ngtrai ta xac dinh sac dien dOrig & 25°C d6i v6i 2 pin
&rad day :

a) (Pt) H2 (1 atm) IHC1(mi )1AgC1, Ag - Ag, AgC11HCI(m2 )1I-12 (Pt)

b)(Pt) H2 (1 atm) 1HC1(mi ) HC1(m2 )11-L2 (1 atm)(Pt)

Hay via cac phan (mg dien ckrc d6i voi 2 pin da cho. Thia lap
bieu HI& cho phep tinh strc dien dOng dOi v6i mOi pin. Hay
to rang có the xac dinh s6 tai cua Ft+ tit six do six dien
dOng dm 2 pin tren. Giai thich ngan gon vi-sao gia tri t+ tim
dirge chi la gan dung. -

Giai.

D6i vai pin (a) ta cO & phan trai cua mach :

Wan (mg anOt :-412 (1 atm) - e = H+ (m1)

2

271
 phan (mg catOt : AgCI + e = Ag + Cl (m1)

phan phai dia mach, phan irng anOt :

Ag — e + Cl (m2) = AgCI

1 H2 (1 atm)
phan irng catOt : H+ (m,) + e = 2

'Ring vat :

H+ (m2) + Cl- (ma) —> H+ (m1) + Cl (m1)

(a )2 (I )2

E(a) = 0,059 Ig = 0,059 Ig (M2)22 + 0,059 Ig ± 2

2
(a±)t (m1) (Y±)i

D6i voi pin (b) to c6 :

phan irng anOt : II, (1 atm) — e = H+ (m1)

1 H, (1 atm)
phan img catOt : H (m,) + e = 7)

Do hiO tirong tai, to có :

t+H+ (m1 ) —> t+H+ (m2)

t_CI (m2) —> t_CF (m1)

TOng vat :

(1 — t+)H+ (m2) + (m2) —> (1 — t+)H+ (m1) + t_CF (m1)

hay t_H+ (m2) + t_CIT (m2) —> t_H+ (m1) + t_Cl- (m1)

272
 Sire dien dOng E(b) bidu thi bang phuung trinh :

E(b) = 2t_.0,059 Ig(a+- )2 = 2t_.0,059 lg m2 . (7±)2

(a+ )i m1 (Y± )1

So sanh E(a) \TA E(b) to thgy :

E(b)
= E(a)
t_

E(b)
dodo: t = • t
E(a) H

t+ tinh dtryc chi IA gen dting vi t_ IA gia tri trung binh gitla hai gia
tri nong dO m1 va m2.

Bai. 9. Stic dien (king die mach g6m dien cue calomen bao hoe va
dien circ hidro nhUng vAO dung dich nghien cora 6 25°C có gia tri
bang 0,562 V. Biel the dia. dien' (Arc calomen bao'hoA & nhiet do
tren bang 0,242 V, xac dinh pH cila dung dich nghien am.
Giai.

Si do mach dung dd do pH clu6c bidu thi nhu sau :

(1)0H2 Idd do pH1Calomen

sire dien dOng dm mach bang :

E = (pcai + 0,059 pH

E — (pca = 0,562 — 0,242 5,42

pH =
0,059 0,059

Bai 10. &lc dien dOng cila pin :

18-BTHL-A 273
 (Pt)H2 1 atm)IHCI 0, 01mI AgC1,Ag

bang 0,4645 V Cr 25°C. Th6 chua.'n caa then cuc bac - bac clorua
bang 0,2225 V. nth pH dm dung dich HC1 0,01m. So sanh k&
qua tim dove v6i gia tri pH tinh town theo dinh luat gi6i han
Dobai - Hucken.
Giii.
Bidu thdc sic didn dOng dm pin da cho dooc vi6t nhu sau :

E = (P - 0, 05918 a
CF /AgC1,Ag

- 0,059 lg a0_ + 0,059pH

a,Ag
Cr- / Ag

N6u b6 qua he s6 host dO cila dung dich HC1 0,Olm thi :

E - (pc' + 0, 0591g mcr = 0,4645- 0,2225+ 0,0591g10-2

pH =
0,059 0,059

= 2,046
Tinh 7,(Hc1) theo Dobai,- Hucken :

1g y± = - 0,509 NfiaTi

Chap nhan y+ = y_ d6i vOi HCI 0,Olm, bidu thirc pH c6 dang :

E - + 0,0591g m.y+
pH =
0,059

E-y° + 0,0591gm+0,059Igy+
0,059

18-BTHL-B
274
 0, 4645 - 0, 2225 + 0, 0591g 10-2 - 0, 059.0, 509V10-2
0,059

pH = 2,051

Bai 11. 6 298K stic di'en Ong cila pin die'rt :

Cd - Hg I CdC12 0, 0 lmi AgC1,Ag

bang 0,7585 V. Stic diet' Ong chua'n E° = 0,5732 V. Tinh

7+(cdo2) trong dung dich CdC12 0,01m. So sanh lc& qua thu
dtroc voi gia tri tinh toan li thuyel cila Dobai - Hucken.
Giai.

Sdc diecn Ong cila pin da cho &roc bieu thi bang phtrong trinh :
0, 059
E = E°
2 lg a Cd2+ — 0, 0591g acr

0 059
= E° ' 2 Ig m
Cd 2+ .7 - 0, 0591g m _ .y Cl _
Cl

0,059
lgm
Cd- (m .
2

059
0,7585 = 0,5732 0, 1g 0, 0142.0, 01).2 .y+
3
2
Rut ra 7+(cdc12)7-- 0,514.

Theo Dobai - Hucken :

lgy+ .= - 0,509 Z+Z_Vi

275
 Z+ = 2 ; =1

1=
1
-DMZ2 =-
1 [(0,01.2)2 +(2.0,01.12 )1= 0,03
2 1 2

lg y+ = – 0,509.2.1:16,-03

y+ = 0,666

o day gia tri y+ cita CdC12 tinh toan li thuyel lai 16n Ilan gia tri
iliac nghiem, do la vi trong dung dich 0,01m caa CdC12 co the
xay ra sir lien herp ion.

Bai 12. CS 25°C thd chuan cua dien cac Ag là 0,7991 V ; caa dien cuc
bac – clorua bac bang 0;2224 V. Xac dinh tich s6 tan caa AgCI
va do tan dm no trong ntrot nguyen chg.

Giai.

The caa dien ctrc bac clorua có thd vie't dir6i clang :

RT
(p=q)° + + —Ina +
Ag /Ag F Ag

Tich s6 tan caa AgCI dtrerc bidu thi bang phtrung trinh :

TAgC1 = a a
Ag+ a-

Do do :
RT RT
–(p° + + —In
F T – F Ina
AgC1
Ag /Ag

= (p RT
--ln a
Cl /AgC1 Ag F a-

276
 RT
VOi (po +-1nT,
CF /AgC1 ,Ag Ag+ /Ag F -g—

Ap dung bang s6, ta dirge :

0,2224 = 0,7991 + 0,059 1g TAgC1

Tit day :

TAgC1 = 1,79.10-10

D6i vai dung dich AgC1 trong nu& ta c6 :

a = a =11;
Ag+

suy ra a , = 1,34.10-5.
Ag

VI AgC1 la chit kh6 tan nen dung dich nu6c bao hoa cua AgC1
ducic xem la du loang de c6 thd chip nhan he s6 hoat 410 caa no
bang 1, do do dO tan ciia AgC1 trong mr6c nguyen chit bang
1,34.105m.

Bai 13. Kel qua do six didn dOng cila mach :

(Pt)H2(1 atm)IHC1m1 AgC1,Ag

theo nong dO &roc cho dual day :

m [mot/1000g] 0,009 0,014 0,025 0,055

E298 [von] 0,4695 0,4478 0,4196 0,3812

Xac dlnh va 7.„(HC1) trong dung dich 0,02 m

Cr /AgC1,Ag

25°C.

277
Giai.

SIrc didn Ong dm mach da cho duck; bidu thi bang he thtic :

E (i) – (1)2H+ /112

= Cl AgC1, Ag

RT R FT
– ate__ –
Ina In
(pCI MgC1,Ag F H+

(po R
CI /AgC1,Ag – FT
lri aH+ .aa_

-T
=–2 Ina+

RT
= (p° – 2 — ln y+.m

2RT 2RT
E = (p° = lny+ In m
F F

Mat khac theo Dobai - Hucken to c6 :

n +C.m
lgy+ = –0,51-1;–

v6i C la 1 hang so- nao d6.

Phuong trinh (E – cp°) bay gi6 c6 clang :

E – (p° = – 0,1183 1g m + 0,1183.0,51\67

n – 0,1183.C.m

hoac :

E + 0,1183 Ig m – 0,06 = 0,1183.C.m = Y

278
Bidu dien bang dO thi su phu thuOc caa ye trai phming trinh tren
vao m (hinh VIII.1) rOi ngoai suy (145 thi tai m = 0, to se thu duuc
gia tri (p° cUa then cuc bac — clorua bac.

m 0,009 0,014 0,025 0,055

E 0,04695 0,4478 0,4196 0,3812

0,1183 Ig m —0,2420 —0,2194 —0,1895 —0,01490

0,06 Vrn 0,0057 0,0071 0,0095 0,0141

Y 0,2218 0,2213 0,2206 0,2181

Bang do thi, xac dinh duo'c = 0,2225V.

(1Pci- /AgC1 ,Ag

0;2230
0,2220
0,2210
0,2200
0,2190
0,2180

0 0,02 0,04 0,06

Hinh VIII.1

Biet (ifcr lAgo,Ag c6 the tinh duuc y± de dang.

E — (p° = — 0,1183 1g m — 0,1183 1g y+

279
 v6i m = 0,02 to c6 :

E + 0,1183 lg m - 0,06 Vin = 0,2209 (gia tri nay thu dtr6c bang
not suy do thi).

\fay E + 0,1183 lg m = 0,2209 + 0,06 -j0,02 = 0,2294

va 0,2294 = 0,2225 - 0,1183 lg y+

suy ra 'y± =0, 875

Bai 14. es 298K, sirc dien thing dm mach :

(P0112 (1 atm)ICH3COOH 0,01m, NaCH3COO (0,01m),
NaC10, OlmiAgC1,Ag

bang 0,6220V. Th6 chuan cua dien circ bac - bac clorua bang
0,2225V. Vi6t cac phan img dien cuc va tinh hang s6 phan li caa
CH3COOH 6 298K.

Giai.

• Phan tIng or anOt : '

1
-H2 - e +CH3C00- = CH3COOH
2
Phan ling c cat& :

AgC1 + e = Ag + C1-
Phan iing Ong quat :

H2 + A g CI +CH3C00- = Ag +CH3COOH + Cl-

2

280
Sue didn dOng cita mach da cho dugs bidu till bang
pinrong trinh :

E = (Pa- / Aga,Ag TM+ /14

2

RT
= _ – In a
Cl /AgC1,Ag F H+

RT
= (fP _ – — In a .a
Cl /AgC1,Ag F H+ CF

Mat khac, hang s6 phan li cua CH3COOH dime xac dinh bang
cOng thirc :

• a .a
11+ CH3COO+
Ka =
acH3coon

Ka .aCH,COOH
Do d6 a =
H' a
cH3coo-

Thay tir bidu thirc nay vao phiro'ng trinh Ear tren to dtrqc :

RT a .acH3coofraci-
= (p° In K
Cr /AgC1,Ag F a
cH3coo-

RT Ka 'aCH3COOHYCH3COOH -rncr .70-

hay E = F ln
/AgC1,Ag m
cH3coo- YcH3 coo-

(no RT Ka 'In CH3COOH 'InNaC1'7CH3COOH .70-

In
1-C1- /AgC1.Ag F mNaCH3C00 .704 coo -
3

281
 Vi CH3COOH là mot axit y6u nen mot each gan dimg to c6 the
chgp nhan CH3COOH =1 ; 70- 7cH3coo- ' do do :
=

Ka AnCH3C0011 JuNaC1
E = (p°Cl - 0,0591g
AgC1,Ag mNaCH3 COO

K .10-2.10-2
0,6220 = 0,2225 - 0,059 lg a
10-2

suy ra lg Ka = - 4,77

va Ka = 1,7.10-5

Bai 15. Hang s6 khOng bdn cua phtic [Cu(NH3)]2+ bang 7,1.10-5. Th6
chudn cua dien clic (long bang 0,337V. floi the- cua dien cuc
(long nhting vao dung dich dtscrc tao boi str pha trOn cling thd tich
cita dung dich amoniac va thing sunfat c6 nong do nhtt nhau
bang 0,1M la bao nhieu ?

Giai.
Th6 cika dien cue dong &rye xac Binh bang cOng thirc :
RT
tP = + — ln am2,
F
Khi thy ra phan ing pha trOn :

Cu2+ + NH3 [CU(NH3 )12+

thi nongdO cua Cu2+ as do nhO ho'n 0,05M.

Hang s6 khOng bdn cita phirc tren dtro'c vier :

282
 [012+ ][NH3]
Kk.b — [cu(NH3)] 2+

a day [Cu2+] = Ccu21_ [CtuNH3

]2+
[NH3] = CNH3 — [ClINH3

Theo clan bai to có C 2 CNH3 = C = 0,05M

Cu

)2
(C — [CU(Nli3)12+
Kk.b = ,u(NH3)]2+
[c

Rut ra :

2\ VI(k b +2C Kkb + 2C )2 c2

[Cu(NH3)1 — • ±
2 2 .

Vi Kkb << 2C nen :

[Cu( \TH3)]2+ =C

VI pong de cila phtic [Cu(NH3)]2÷ khOng the lOn horn nong dO

•
2+
cila chat tao ra no nen [Cu(NH3)} = C — VKk.b •

Do do :

[012+ C—[Cu(N1-13)]2+ =C —C +VKLb —.\/Kk.b

\Tay the dien cue cila (long nhting trong dung dich phdc bang.:

283
 RT
(p° + — lil.N/Kk.b
2F

0,337+ 0,059 /
184 7,10.10-5
2
= 0,270 V

Bai 16. Cho pilau itng tong qudt xay ra trong nguye'n t6 :

[Ag (NH3 )2 ]+ 2NH3 + Ag+

Hay thi6t ldp nguyen t6 dien hod va grill hang s6 khOng - ben cila
pink [Ag (NH3)2 ]+ bi6t rang d6i cdc nita nguyen t6 0 25°C :

Ag+ + e = Ag. (p° = 0,7996 V

[Ag (NH3 )2 ] + e = Ag + 2NH3. (p° = 0,373 V

Giai.
Phan tIng & anOt : Ag - e = Ag+

Phan th-ig i catOt : [Ag (NH3)2 ]+ + e = Ag + 2NH3

Phan ung tong qudt : [Ag (NI-I3 )2 ]+ = Ag+ + 2NH3

Ag I AgN031 [Ag (NH3 ) 2 ]+ lAg

E° 0,373-0,7996
g Kk .b = 7, 22
0,059 - 0,059

Kkb = 6.10-8

284
Bai tap tit giii

VIII.1. The nao là met nguyen to Ganvani lam viec thuan nghich
nhiet dOng ? Cho vi du.

VIII.2. Suc dien deng cua nguyen to Ganvani la gi ? Sire :dien dOng
hinh thanh nhu th6 nao ? Do no nhu the nao ?

VIII.3. The dien cue la gi ? Bang thirc nghiem ngu6i to xac dinh the
dien cue nhir the nao ?

VIII.4. Cho biet quy trOc ye each via so de, ve &Ai cua sirc dien deng
va the dien cue.

VIILS. Su phu thuec cua sue dien deng vao nhiet de dirge bieu thi
bang phuong trinh : E = a + bT. Hay bieu thi cac dai luting AS,
AG va AH dued dang met ham cUa nhiet de T.

VIII.6. Via cac phan (mg dien cue va phan img tong quat xay ra
trong cac nguyen to sau :

Zn IZnS0411CuS041Cu

Ag,AgCliCuC121Cu

(P)1-12 1H2S041Hg2SO4 ,Hg

(Pt)H2 HCII C12

Ag,AgClIKC11Hg2C12 ,Hg

VIII.7. Cho cac dien cue :

(a) Cd Cd2+ (a = 0,1)

(b) (Pt)C12(p = latm) C1-(a =0,01)

285
 (c) Ag, AgBrIBC (a = 0,005)

(d) (Pt)Sn (a = 0, 02), Sn4+ (a = 0, 001)

(e) Hg,Hg2SO4 S024-( =0,015)

a) Vi6t phan irng cli6n ctrc va tinh cac th6 din cktc.

b) N6u ghep tirng dOi din cut a—c; a —d; b — c (16' tao thanh
pin thl hay vi6t su do nguyen to va tinh sirc di6n Ong.

Dap so 0,4318 ; 1,4776 ; 0,2071 ; 0,1118 ;

0,7016 ; 1,1334 ; 0,5434 ; 1,2696V

VIII.8. 'Thiel lap nguyen to Ganvani dip tren cac phan tIng tang
quat sau :

Cd CuSO4 = CdSO4 + Cu

2Ag+ + H2 = 2 Ag + 211+

Ag+ + 1- = Aga

H2 + C12 = 2 HC1

Zn + Hg2S041 = ZnSO4 + 2 Hg

Pb + 2HC1 = PbC121 + H2

VIII.9. O 25°C stic di6n Ong cita pin trong do xay ra phan ting

Cd + PbC12J = CdC12 + Pb

aE
bang 0,1880 V. = —4,8.10-4 V.K-I . Xac dinh AH va AS.
\ aT )1)

286
 Dap s6: 63,78 kJ ; — 925,03 J.K 1

VIII.10. &It dien dOng cua nguyen t6 trong do ti6n hanh phan ting

1
Ag +— Hg2C12 = AgC1+ Hg
2

& 25°C bang 0,0455 V va bang 0,0421 V a 20°C. Xac Binh AG,
AH va AS 6 25°C.

Dap sd: — 4384,8 J ; 15140 J ; 65,54 J.K 1

VIII.11. Cf 2.5°C s.'rc 410 Ong chudn E° cua cac nguyen tel Ganvani

Pb, PbC12 IKC1I AgC1, Ag

Pb,PbI2 1KII AgI, Ag

bang 0,4902V va 0,2111 V. He s6 nhiet dO cua stirs dien Ong

arcing Ong bang — 0,000186 va — 0,000127 V.K 1.

Tinh AG° va AH° & 298K deli v6i phan iarng :

PbI2 + 2 AgCl= PbC12 + 2 AgI

-Dap so': 53,9 kJ ; 57,3 kJ

VIII.12. 6 25°C, six dien dOng chudn cua pin :

(Pt)H2(latm)H 2SO4 (m)1Ag2SO4,Ag

bang 0,627 V.
a) Vi6t phan ung dien ctyc va phan ang tong gnat.

287
 b) Tinh stic dien Ong cila pin n6u m = 0,1 (b6 qua he so hoat dO).

c) Minh stic dien Ong bi6t rang d6i vai H2SO4 0,1m y+ = 0,70.

Dap so : b) 0,698 V
c) 0,833 V

VIII.13. Cho pin dien (Pt) H2 (1 atm)1 NaOH(m) I HgO, Hg 6 25°C

E = 0,9224 V.

a) Vi6t cac phan ting dien curt va phan ing tong gnat.

b) Minh E° 6' 25°C.

c) Tinh E 308K n6u AH = 146,30 kJ

Dap so- : b) 0,924 V
c) 0,910 V

VIII.14. `Filth dien dOng cita pin ming dO or 25°C

AgjAgNO3 0,05N1lAgNO3 2NIAg

Dap so : 0,094 V
VIII.15. Tinh sire dien dOng el 25°C d6i vOi pin :

Cu ICuSO4 0, 0011VII I CuSO4 0,1M1 Cu

n6u d6i v6i dung dich CuSO4 0,001 M he so hoat dO bang 0,74
va d6i vai dung dich CuSO4 0,1M he s6 hoat dO bang 0,16.

Dap so : 0,0387 V
VIII.16. ei 25°C stic dien Ong cila pin nong (16 :

288
 Ag lAg+ (a = 0, 001)11Ag+ (a = x)I Ag

bang 0,0579 V. Xac Binh x.

Dap so : 0,0096

V111.17. Tinh suc dien Ong caa nguyen to Ganvani :

(Pt)H2 (latm)1HCIO = 0, 001)11HCI (a = 0,92)1 H2 (latm)(Pt)

n6u 6r 25°C X = 349,7

cow - ;X co(cr) = 76' 3 5-2-1 dIg-1.cm2.

Dap so" : 0,0313 V

VI11.18. Tinh s(rc dien dOng caa pin :

(Pt)H2 ( latm) IHCI (m = 0, 01)1AgC1, Ag - Ag, AgCI

IHCI (m = 0,1)1 H2 (latm)Pt

n6u tai m = 0,01,Y+ (Hci) = 0,904 va tai m = 0,1, If + (HC1) = 0,796.

Dap so : 0,1115 V

VIII.19. Tinh s6 tai (Ala ion Cu++ trong dung dich CuSO4 loang biet
rang i 25°C stic dien Ong cua nguyen to Ming (10 e6 tai :

CulCuSO4 (0, 001m) CuSO 4 (0, 01m)1 Cu

bang 0,0268 V va X+(CuSO4 ) bang 0,74 d6i v6i dung dich 0,001 m
va bang 0,14 d6i v6i dung dich 0,01m.

Dap so : 0,415

1943THL-A
289
VIII.20. 6 25°C Abic va Kamming da do site dien Ong dm pin nOng
(10 co tai :

AglAgNO3 (0,01N) AgNO3(0, 1N)1Ag

va tim thay E = 0,0590V. So sanh gia tri nay voi gia tri tfith man
du'a vao cac du kien:

0,1 N AgNO3 y± = 0,733 t+ = 0,468

0,01 N = 0,892 = 0,468

VIIL21. M6t nguyen t6 Ganvani gom hai dien (arc hidro duck: nhung
vao dung dich HC1 0,1M. Dien (Arc hidro thir nhat duoc xir 11
bang hidro nguyen chat du6i ap suat khi quydn ; dien ctrc hidro
tiler hai &roc xir li bang hem hop khi hidro va agon, cCing dtroi ap
suat khi quy6n. -Xac dinh Ming de.) phan mol cua hidro trong h6n
hop tren neu 6 300K six dien demg cUa nguyen t6 nay bang
lOmV. Cho biet chieu cua dong dien er mach ngoai khi not hai
etre bang mot day dan.
Dap so : XH2 = 0,46

VIII.22. Cho mach tieing dO cep tai

Hg, Hg2C1, lNaCl (0,1m) NaCI(0, 001m)1 Hg2C1„ , Hg

a) Viet cac phan (mg diem ctne va phan (mg tong (pat.

b) Viet phtrung trinh bidu thi slc dien doing or 25°C.

c) Tinh sew dien dOng nay 6 25°C nett t+ = 0,40 dei vOi dung
dich NaC1 va neu y+ cua NaC1 0,1m bang 0,60 ; y± cua NaC1
•
0,001m bang 1.

19-BTHL-B
290
 d) Tinh stic dien thing trong trtretng hap bo qua the khue'ch tan.

Dap so : c) 0,084 V
d) 0,118 V

VIII. 23. 6 25°C stic dien Ong dia. mach :

(Pt)H2(1 atm) H+ KCl 0,1N Hg,C12,Hg

bang 0,5 V. Xac dinh pH dm dung dich tie-p xuc vdi then etre
hidro biet the cua dien etre calomen or 25°C bang 0,3338 V.

Dap so : 2,78
VIII.24. De xac dinh pH dm mot dung dich axit, ngtthi to lap mach :

Hg, Hg2C12 KCl 0,1N Quinhidron,H+IPt

va do sirc dien Ong or 25°C, E = 0,096 V.

Hay xac dinh pH dm dung dich bi6t the chudn cita dien cuc
quinhidron bang 0,6994 V.

Dap so. : 6
VIII.25. Thiel lap nguyen to dien hod cho phep xac dinh hoat (10 dia.
ZnC12 trong nudc.

VIII.26. 25°C, sire dien dOng cita mach :

(Pt)H2(1 atm)1H2SO4(m)1Hg2SO4, Hg

bang 0,7540 V neli in = 0,05 Va bang 0,6959V n6u m = 0,5.

He s6 hoat do trung binh cua H2SO4 tai m = 0,05 bang 0,340.

291
 Xac dinh y+ ciia H2SO4 tai m = 0,5.

Drip s : 0,1542

VIII.27. O 25°C, sue din &Ong dm mach :

Pb, PbS04 1CuSO4(m = 0, 02)1Cu

bang 0,5594 V. Xac dinh y+ cua CuSO4, bia rang :

Ats

(p = 0,340 V
cu-+ /cu
4)0 = —0,35 V
/PbSO4 ,Pb

Dap so : 0,31

VIII. 28. 1(61, qua do stic dien Ong 6. 25°C & cac nong (10 khac nhau
d6i v6i mach :

Zn 1ZnSO4 (m)1PbSO4, Pb

du cc ghi lai nhu sau :

RT
m -,h71 In m

0,001 0,03462 — 0,17745 0,59714

0,005 0,07071 — 0,13611 0,56598

a) Viet cac phan img din ctic.

b) Tinh E° cita mach bang de; thi.

c) Xac dinh y+ cua ZnSO4 trong dung dich 0,005m.

292
 Dcip so : 0,41146 V
0,448

VIII.29. Stuc din thing dm mach tieing dO khOng tai

(P01-12(latm)!HC10,001mi AgC1, Ag -Ag,AgClIHCI 0,1m1 H2(latm)(Pt)

25°C bang 0,227 V.

Xac dinh y+ caa HC1 trong dung dich 0,1 m.

Dap so : 0,80

VI11730. Tinh s6 tai cita ion (long trong dung dich CuSO4 loang biet
rang 298K, sin: di'Cn d'cing cila mach nong dO có tai :

CuICuSO4 0,001miCuSO4 0,01mICu

hang 0,0268 V. He s6 boat (10 ion trung binh d6i vii dung dich
CuSO4 0,001m bang 0,74 va d6i vdi dung dich CuSO4 0,01 m
bang 0,44.

flap so : t+ = 0,415

V111.31. Tinh dO tan cila AgBr trong maker 25°C dtra vao cac du
th6 chidn cua cac-di0 cure sau :

Ag+/Ag tp° = 0,779 V

Br /AgBr, Ag cp° = 0,73 V

Dcip so : 7,3.10-7

293
VIII.32. O 25°C silt dien Ong chudn E° dm pin :
(Pt)I-11(latm)1H,SO4(m)1‘,SO4, Ag

bang 0,627 V.

• .a) Vi6t phan (mg tit dien bien trong pin.

b) TInh suc dien dOng E cita pin ne-u m = 0,1 (bo qua he s6 hoat d0).

c) rinh stic dien &Ong E dm pin ne-u dung dich1-12SO4 0,1 m c6

y± bang 0,70.

d) Tinh rich tan cila Ag,SO4

Dap so : b) 0,698 V
c) 0,833 V
d) 1,3.10-6
VIII.33. Cho cac dir kien sau :
Au+ + e = Au (p° = 1,68 V
0 = 1,50 V
Au3-+ + 3e = Au

Fe3+ + e Fe2+ (p° = 0,77 V

'firth hang s6 can bang d6i vOi phan irng :

2Fe2+ + Au3+ ---' ?Fel+ + Au+

Dcip so. : 4.1021

VIII.34. CS 35°C slit dien Ong ciia pin :

Cd,CdSO4 IH2SO4 0,02m H2 (latm)(n)

294
 bang 0,38 V. Cling tai nhiet do nay th6 chudn cita dien cite
Cd2 /Cd bang -0,45 V. Tinh tich s6 tan cita CdSO4 tai 35°C.

flap so : 0,103
VIII.35. CJ 298K sacdien &Ong cita pin :
CulCuCI, (m) AgC1, Ag

bang 0,191 V neU m = 10 4 va bang - 0,074 V n6u m = 0,2.

Viet cdc phan img dien ctrc va tinh y+ oda CuCI, 0,2m.

Dcip sa. : 0,51

VIII.36. D6i vori nguyen t6 Ganvani :
Cu Cu(CH3C00), 0, lm) AgCH3C00,Ag
nguoi to cho cdc du kien sau :
EN)8K = 0,372V ; E308K = 0,374V ;
(IP = 0,800V
Ag /Ag

ep°c1j2+ /Cu = 0,340V

a) Vi6t cdc phan itng then ctrc va phan ling Ong quat xay ra
trong pin.
b) 'Dinh AG, AH, AS d6i v6i phan itng cUa pin.
c) 'Firth tich s6 tan cita AgCH3COO. -

Dap se; : -72000 J ; 38,5 J.K 1 ;

- 60500 J ; 2.10 3
VIII.37. di 298 K, nguyen t6 :
Hg,Hg2C12 1 KCI(b.h) I CH3COOH(6.10-4 M), quinhidronIPt

295
 co site dien Ong E = 0,2215 V. Bia rang cis° quinhidrOn =
= 0,6995V, the cua dien cuc calomen bao hoa bang 0,2415V.
Tinh hang s6 phan li cita CH3COOH.
_5
Dap so" : 2.10

VIII.38. Mach tieing dO khOng tai

(Pt)H-, HCl 0, 0001m1 AgCI, Ag - AgC11HC10,1m H2(Pt)
có sae then Ong E = 0,335 V & 25°C.
a) Via phan ting Wing quat thy ra trong mach tren.
b) Tinh y± cua HC1 n6ngd0 0,1 m.
Dcip so : 0,69

VIII.39. Sdc dien Ong cita 2 pin sau, throe xac dinh & 25°C :
(a) (Pt)H2 (latm)1HCI (m1)1 Ag CI, Ag - Ag, AgCIIHCI(m2 )1H2 (latm)(Pt)

(b) (P0H-2(latm)1HCI (m1) HC1 (m2 )1H-2 (latm)(Pt)

Doi vdri ran pin hay via cac phan dng dien cuc va phan img tong
quat. via phuong trinh bieu thi sire dien dOng deli vdi mOi pin ;
tit do hay chitng to rang s6 tai cila ion H+ có the duck: xac dinh tir
sty do stilt dien dQng cua hai pin nay.

VIII.40. Chung minh rang stic dien prig cila pin :

(Pt)H2(latm)11\Ta0H(mi ),NaChm2 )1AgC1, Ag

RT
dttoc xac dinh bang cOng thdc E = E° In ' .
F a OH-

vdi Kw IA tIch ion cila nude.

296
 Da6i day la ke't qua thu clagc 6 25°C d6i v6i m i = 0,01.
E [von] 1,0195 1,0324. 1,0089 0,9910 0,9730
m, [mol/kg] 0,01 0,02 0,05 0,10 0,20

Hay tinh Kw bie't rang (p° Cl/Aga, Ag = 0,2224 V. Bang cach

nao co the xac Binh duccc (p° C1/AgC1, Ag ?

Dap a: Kw = 1,01.10 14
xac dinh bang do thi cua
C1- /AgC1,Ag
(P°

E + 0,118 lg m — 0,059 lg -\47-1 phu thu6c m

VIII.41. Cho nguyen to dien hod :

Cd,Cd(OH), INaOH 0, Olm / H2 1(latm)Pt

& 25°C sdc dien Ong bang 0. Biel (i0c) 0,40V.

cci'• /Cd

a) Viet cac phan !Ling dien cue va phan (mg tong gnat.
b) Tinh tich s6 tan dm Cd(OH),.
c) Tinh OH cna phan ring trong pin ne-u dE/dT = 0,002.

Dap so : b) 3,5.10 15
c) 57,5 kJ

VIII.42. 20°C sic dien dOng dia pin dien :

Pb, Pb(OH)2 INaOH 11\11 HgO, Hg

bang 0,676 V, (p° = 0,098 V va = — 0 126 V.

OH- /HgO,Hg Pb 2+ /Pb

Tinh tich s6 tan cita Pb(OH),.

Dap so : 4,76.10 16

297
 CHLRING IX
Do PHAN VA QUA THE
Qua trinh bien d6i hod hoc tren cac dien ckrc khi có &mg dien
mot chieu lukt thOng qua chat dien phan goi la sir dien phan.
Dinh ludt Faraday la co so. dinh prong cho sir dien phan, va cluqc
phat Men nhtx sau : luong chat thodt ra tren dien cue hay hoa tan.
vao dung dich ti le thuan vOi then luting di qua chat dien phan va
voi throng lacing hod hoc cita chat dO.

Nen m la lacing chat bi bien d6i hod hoc tren dien cue (tinh bang
gam), I la cueing do clang (tInh bang ampe), t la thed gian dien
phan (tInh bang gidy) va 3 la duong luong hod hoc cita chat
(3 = A/n voi A — khoi lacing mol nguyen tir cita chat, n la hod
tri) till diet luat Faraday phat bi'eu o tren duoc tong Mac hod
bang phuong trinh :

3
m= .I.t
96500

Dai E.,' 3 chInh la throng luong dien hod. Nen thOi gian
• 96500
tinh ra gicl thi :

298
 m = 3 .I.t
. 26,8

Vi str dien phan bao gib cting kern theo cric qua trinh phu khie'n
cho dien nang thin to dung trong dien phan bao gib cung cao
hon so v6i tinh twin theo Faraday, nen ngirbi ta dua ra khai Mem
hieu suit &mg dien, ki hieu bang -Q. Hien suit deng dien la ti so
Mita ltrong chat thtfc to thoth ra trong dien phan va !Yong chth
thoat ra theo'dinh luat Faraday :

m'.96500 (ne'u t tinh ra giay)

= .100%
D.I.t

m'.26 8 (ne'u t tinh ra gib)

.100%
3.1.t

m' la !Yong chth attic to thoat ra trong dien phan.

Qua trinh dien phan thtreing kern theo hien tuong phan cuc : do
la hien tuong xurft hien mot clang dien ngtcbc chieu voi clang
dien n2oai ding de dien phan. NgLrbi ta goi sac dien Ong xuth
hien giCra hai dien ctrc trong qua trinh dien phan la sue dien
dOng phan cuc E p. De sty dien phan thirc to c6 the xay ra, can
phai dat vao hai - dau dien cue mot hieu the c6 gia tri hoi lon
hon gia tri E p.

Hieu the be nhfit can cho sir dien phan CO the lien tuc xay ra duoc
goi la the phan hUy E ph.

Hieu giira the phan hUy E ph va suc dien Ong phan cuc E p la qua
the, ding ki hieu bang chill.

= Eph — Ep

299
 Qua the trong sty giai phong kim loai tren catOt thirOng c6 gid tri
nho trong khi d6. d6 giai phOng khi, qua the c6 gia tri clang ke.
Qua the la mot ham cUa mat dO then Va &roc bieu thi bang
phuong tenth Tafen.

= a + blgi

O day i la mat dO clang dien ; a va b la hai hang so. Hang so b c6

gia tri bang 0,12 vii khOng dOi dOi voi. cdc kim loai khdc nhau.
Hang s6 a c6 tri s6 thay dOi kha lan dOi v6i cac kim loai
khac nhau.

Thy thuOc vao ban chat qua tfinh then hod ma trong dien phan
ngtraci ta phan biet sir phan cuc hoar hod vdi str phan cut nong dO.
Trong str phan circ nOng dO. roc dO khue"ch tan ion ve dien cue
wan theo dinh 'Oat Fick thd nhat duoi clang :

v =D.A.=
a

vai D - he so khue-ch tan ion [cm-/glay] ;

A – dien tich then ctrc [cm-] ;
C – noriL, dO dung dich ;
6 – be day 16p khue"ch tan [cm].

Vi trong dien hOa hoc tOc do qua trinh then cuc &roc do hang
mat dO dien i nen ta c6 :

i.A
v=
n.F

c
Vay i = nFD—

300
Bai tap ca Iasi gial
Bai 1. Ngtred to dien phan mgt dung dich CuC12 trong 6 gig vgi curing
di) 3A. Mc dinh lacing cac chat thoat ra tren cac dien cuc.

Giai.
Ltrgng Cu thoat ra tren cat& la :

_— 3Cu .Lt
mCu
26,8

63 54/2
= ' .3.6 = 21,338 g
26,8

Luting clo thoat ra tren an& la :

= Da it
ma2
26,8

35,457
.16 = 23,81 g
26,8

Bai 2. Can phai dien phan trong bao lau mgt dung dich NiSO4
ctrong dg &mg la 2A cid thu dtrgc hoan toast Ni tren cat& bi6t
rang hieu suat &mg bang 90%, thd tich dung dich NiSO4 la0,51,1
va nong di) dung dich la 0,1 N.

Giai.
Thoi gian dien phan bang :
m'.96500
t= .100
3.1.11

301
 o day m'=3.V.N

vOi V la the tich dung dich (0,51) ;

N — dO chudn dung dich ;
3 — throng luting hod hoc.

Thay vao phuong trinh t, to throe :

3.V.N.96500 0,5.0,1.96500
t= = 2680giay
Din 2.0,90

Bai 3. Dien phan mot dung dich mU6i•kern vai catOt bang Fe có dien
•
Lich 1000cm'. Xac dinh be day cna lop kern phti nen dien phan
trong 25 phut vai mat dO clang trung Binh bang 2,5 A/dm 2. Khoi
luting ri'eng cfra Zn bang 7,15 g/cm 3.

Giai.
Luang kern phi tren catOt bang :

3 65,38
m= = .2,5.10.25.60= 12,7 g
96500 2.96500

12 7 3
The tich lop kern On bang : V = ' =1,776 cm
7,15

1,776
Be day lop kern phir : = 1.776.10-3 cm
1000

Bai 4. Xac dinh sire dien .dOng phan cut khi dien phan dung dich
CuSO4 0 25°C. Tim qua the' oxi nen dien cite Pt nhan n6u the
phan huy CuSO bang I,35V va cna oxi bang 1,23V.

Giai.

302
 Cac qua trinh dien cgc trong dien phan :

Cj c,at6t : Cu2+ + 9e = Cu

anOt : -2H20 — 4e = O, + 4H+

Pin dien hinh thanh trong dien phan c6 so' do :

(Pt)0,11-1,SO4 +CuS041Cu

Et, = 1,23 — 0,34 = 0,89 V

ri02 = 1,35 — 0,89 ='0,46 V

Bai 5. De ma dung len cac vat lieu ngtroi to hay dung dung dich chtla
CuSO4 vaH2SO4. Lieu dOng c6-thoat ra hoan toan tren catOt ma
khOng c6 six thoat khi hidro khOng ; Biet qua the cita oxi tren Pt
bang 0,46V con qua the hidro tren Cu bang 0,23V.

Giai.

Trong trtrOng hop c6 Cu thoat ra thi se hinh thanh pin dien sau :

Cu ICuSO4 + 112S°41 a", (Pt)

vdi sirc dien dOng phan circ Ep bang :

1,23 — 0,34 = 0,89 V

Vi qua the cua kim loai Cu tren catOf khOng clang ke nen the
phan hay CuSO4 bang :

Eph = 0,89 + 0,46 = 1,35 V

303
 Trong tru6ng hop c6 su kil' ion 11+ thi se hinh thanh nguyen t6
dien hod phan cuc sau :

(Pt)H2 1H,S04102(Pt)

v6i sire dien doing phan cuc Ep' bang :

Et,' = 1,23 — 0 = 1,23 V

Qua the xuat hien trong truerng hop nay, bang :

1 = 0,23 + 0,46 = 0,69 V

The phan hay H,SO4 bang :

Eph = 1,23 + 0,69 = 1,92 V

So sanh hai gia tri the phan hit)/ CuSO4 va H2SO4 to di den k6t
lua-n rang ne:u dien phan o hieu th'6 khOng vuot qud 1,6V thi c6
the giai phong hoan town Cu ma khong c6 su thodt khi hidro.

Bai 6. Hay tinh dien th6 am he nhat can phai (at vao dien cgc Hg
(catOt) de khi hidro co the thodt ra 6, 25°C dudi dp suit latm biet
rang dung dich dien phan la HCI 0,1m, mat de dong bang 10 2
A/cm2, 7+ cila FICI Ming dO tren bang 0,796, qud the hidrd tuan
theo phuong trinh Talen & dang :

= 1,410 + 0,116 lg i

Giai.

Theo dieu kien cUa thin bai, catOt cua he dien hod la dien cuc Hg-
nhUng trong HCI 0,1m. cho hidro c6 the thodt ra tren Hg thi
phai dat met dien the am hon dien the can bang len dien cue Hg ;

304
 tuy nhien nal 1.6c dO phan tIng i7 catOt la clang ke thi dien the dat
vao catot phai dU am de thang hieu (mg phan cuc.

The can bang cila hidro dtroc xac dinh theo phuong trinh Necxt

RT
Ec = —F InaH+

25°C, E, = 0,059 Ig 0,1.0,796 = - 0,065 V.

Qua the cila hidro tren catOt bang :

Tie = 1,410 + 0,116 1g i = 1,11 + 0,116 lg 10 2 = 1,178 V

Vay dien the nho nhat phai dat vao Hg dd hidro bat dam thoat ra
se la:

E'e = - tic

= - 0,065 - 1,178 =- 1,243

Bai 7. Ngu6i to dien phan ,melt dung- Itch CuSO4 10 4 M có du chat

nen v6i mat d6 dong gi6i han la 9,65 pA/cm2. He s6 khuech tan
-5
cita CuSO4 trong dung dich tren bang 0,6.10 cm2/giay. Hay
tinh be day 16p khuech tan.

Giii.
Trong qua trinh dien phan xuat hien six phan cuc nong d0 gay bed
gradien nong (10 6 gan dien cuc. Vdi dieu kien có du chit nen, s6
tai_cila ion Cu2+ va do do (long dien chuyen se gan bang kh6ng.
VI ion Cu2+ la ion duy nhat di qua ldp khu6ch tan nen dong quan
sat du is chinh la dong khuech tan ciia ion Cu2+.

20-BTHL-A 305
 Tai dong gioi han, nOng dO ion Cu` 6 sat be mat catOt se bang
khOng, do do t6c dO khu6ch tan ion Cu 2+ v6 catOt se ducrc tinh
theo Binh ludt Fick I dtrdi Bang :

v=
6

Be day 16p khu6ch tan se bang :

6 = D.A.—

Vi v = id -A nen thay vao phirong trinh 6 ta doge :

nF

6 D.A.C.n.F _ 0,6.10-5.10-4.10-3.2.96500
id .A 9,65.10-6

6= 0,012 cm

Bai tap ti giii

IX.1. Minh Wong Cu duck giai phong tren catOt n6u cho mot clang
dien cu6ng dO 1,5A di qua dung dich CuSO4 trong 12 phiit.

D Op so" : 0,3555g

IX.2. Tim throng lir6ng dien hod ctia Ni bi6t rang neu dien phan dung
dich NiSO4 bang deng dien cu6ng dO 0,5A thi sau 48 phut ta thu
dirge 0,4380 g Ni.

Dap so" : 3,042.10 4 g.A I .s 1

306 20-BTHL-B
IX.3. Xdc dinh hieu suat dong dien neu khi cho 25 ampe giO di qua
dung dich ZnSO4 thi thu dtroc 22,5 g Zn tren catot.

Dap so : 73,46%

IX.4. NguOi to mu& ma mot 16p. Ni day 0,3 mm len mot tam kim
loai dien tich 100 cm2. HOi phai tien hAnh ma trong bao lau vai
cuing dO dong IA 3 A ? Neu hieu suat (long IA 90% thi de phi
mot Itryng Ni arcing tkr nhu tren, thOi gian doi hOi phai IA bao
nhieu ? Net dNi = 9 g/cm3.

Dap so" : 8h13ph ; 9h08ph

IX.5.Khi dien phan dung dich ZnSO4 thi tren cat& có su giai phOng
H, (long thOi yeti skr thoat ra cia Zn VA dieu nay clan tOi hieu suat
tach Zn theo dong giam. Xac dinh lucmg Zn vA the tich H2
thoat ra 25°C vA latm) tren catOt neu cho di qua dung dich
20 ampe — giO, hieu suat tach Zn là 90%.

Dcip so : 21,96 g ;
0,925 L

IX.6. Xdc dinh sure dien deng phan cure khi dien phan mot dung dich
CuCl2 O 25°C neu the dien cuc cua Cu bang 0,34V con the cua
clo bang 1,36V.

Dap so- : 1,02V

IX.7. Xac dinh the phan hay Eph cia CdSO4 neu qua the oxi tren allot
bang 0,4V, vA be) qua qua the cika Cd tren earth_ The chudn cia
Cd bang 0,4V ; the oxi hod chudn cia oxi bang 1,23 V.

307
 Dap sO. : 2,03 V.

IX.8. Biet qua the hidro tren dien cut Ni bang 0,21V va qua the oxi
tren dien ctrc Pt bang 0,46V. Hay tim' the phan 114 NiSO4 khi
dien phan dung dich nay bang cac dien ctrc platin va cho Wet
tren catOt c6 the xay ra qua trinh thoat Ni hoan,toan ma khOng
c6 su giai phong khi hidro khOng ?

Dap se). : 1,92 V ; c6 the &roc.

IX.9. Ngtr6i to dien phan dung dich H2SO4 vai anOt bang Pt. The
phan hUy H2SO4 bang 2,69V. Qua the oxi tren Pt bang 0,46V.
-Hay tinh qua the hidro tren catOt chi.

Dap so : riH 2= 1V

IX.10. Dien phan mot dung dich CuSO4 lm 6 25°C voi mat dO dong
bang 31,6 A/m2. Hay tinh xem phai dat vao catOt Cu mot dien
the am be nhat la bao nhieu a Cu c6 thd thoat ra tren catOt.
Chap nhan rang su phan cue nong dO kh6ng clang ke ; (2°

Cu2±/Cu = 0,34V ; y+ cita CuSO4 lm bang 0,043. Mat dO dung

trao dOi io = 0,2A/m2 va he so chuydn a bang 0,5 (chit y : sir
dung phuang trinh qua the cat6t :

2,303RT . 2,303RT
Tic = anF lg lg i
1° anF

Dap so : 0,17V

IX.11. Cho dir kien :

308
 I Iang .s6 Tafen a[mV] b[mV] (i tinh ra A/cm2)

Zn thoat ra tren Pt hoac Pb 278 59

H, giai pilling tren Pt 73 28

H, giai phong tren Pb 1536 - 119

(ii0 2, = -- 0,76 V
Zn / Zn

y± cua ZnSO4 0,1m bang 0,15.

Dtra vao du kien da cho hay cho bi6t Zn có the thoat ra tir dung
dich ZnSO4 0,1m 6 25°C v6i mat (10 clang i = 100 A/m 2 hay
khOng va neU co thi trong khoang the catOt bang bao nhieu :

a) tren catOt bang Pt.

b) tren catOt bang Pb.

(Chi 57: tinh dien the catOt qic can cho su giai phOng Zn, H2 tren
cac dien cuc Pt, Pb 6' i = 100. A/m2 tir do di den ket Juan có the
lam cho Zn thoat ra tren catOt ma thing th6i khong có su thoat
hidro).

Dap so" : a) KhOng

b) CO (7 0,97 V --> — 1,71 V)

IX.12. Dtroi day IA nhang du kien thuc nghiem ye su dien phan dung
dich H„SO4 bang v6i cac dien- cuc khac nhau :

a) d6i v6i dien ,cuc Pt, the phan hity bang 1,8V.

b) d6i vai anOt bang Pt va catOt Hg, the phan hity IA 2,5 V.

309.
 c) dCii vr<ii anOt Hg va catOt Pt, the phan hity la 0,8V.

Str dien phan dtrOc lien hanh i nhiet dO 25°C, tai day bin thien
the clang dp cua su tao thanh nu& :

AU-2)(m = - 237 kJ.mo1-1

Hay tinh dien th6 can bang trong str phan hay ntrOc o 25°C, tit do
tinh qua the trong sU dien phan H,SO4 vdi cac dien ctrc Pt ; dien
cue Pt (anOt) va dien cuc Hg (catOt) ; dien (Arc Hg (anOt) va di0
cut Pt (catOt).

TruOng hop th6 phan hity la 0,8V thi có thd xay ra str giai phong
oxi Oren anOt Hg) va hidro (tren catOt Pt) khOng ? VI sao ?

AG°
Dap so : E = =1,23V
P 2F
ria(Pt)+ric(Pt) = 0,57V
tia (Pt) + (Hg) = 1,27V
E ph <E p khOng co.str thoat oxi va hidro

IX.13. Glasstone da ti6n hanh dien phan mot dung dich bac xyanua
0,02N \Ta thay rang hieu suit tach bac theo dong la 100% khi cuong
do dong la. 5.10 4 A/cm2 d6i vii dung dich tinh & 15°C ; cling tai
nhiet dO nay cuong de? (long se la 20.10 4 A/cm2 nal khua.y dung
dich ; con oY 70°C cuong dO dong se tang h.% 22.10 4 A/CM2. Tinh
be day lop khue-ch tan trong m6i trtreng hop neit he s6 khu6ch tan
cita ion bac xyanua c1 15°C bang 1,3.10 5 cm2/giay.

Dcip so : 0,501 mm ; 0,125 mm ; 0,114 mm

310