Le

SELF Modul
e3FROM THEPERSPECTI
VEOFANTHROPOLOGY

SUCCESSSet
ti
ngGoal
sandSucces
s

UNI
T1THESELFFROM VARI
OUSPERSPECTI
VE

MODULE3 FROM THEPERSPECTI

VEOFANTHROPOLOGY

Under
standi
ngt
heSel
f

WRI
TER:

Pr
of.
ESPERANZAGRAN

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Over vi
ew:
Selfunderst
andingformst hebackboneofs oci
alcogni
ti
onandsel
fconcept
.A
person’sselfconceptist
heirunders
tandingofwhot heyareandwhatmakesthem
unique.Under standi
ngthes elfist
her olethatsel
fhoodplaysi
ndefi
ninghuman
societyandeachhumani ndi
viduali
nthatsociet
y.

TheSel
fint
hePer
spect
iveofAnt
hropol
ogy

Lear
ningOut
come.
1
.Def
ineant
hropol
ogyandt
heant
hropol
ogi
cal
appr
oach.
2.Des
cri
bet
heor
igi
nsandear
lydevel
opmentofant
hropol
ogy.
3.I
dent
if
ythef
ours
ubdi
sci
pli
nesofant
hropol
ogyands
peci
fyt
hef
ocusofeach.
4.I
ncreas
etheawarenessoft
hevar
iousdi
mens
ionsofant
hropol
ogyandi
ts
i
nfl
uenceonsel
fconcept
.
5. Recognizewhatt
hef
iel
dofant
hropol
ogycancont
ri
but
etot
he
underst
andingoft
hes
eself
.
6.Demonstr
atecr
it
ical
andr ef
lect
ivet
houghti
nanal
yzi
nghowcul
tur
einf
luence
ourbel
i
efsandbehavior
.
7.Under
standhowcul
tur
eands
elfar
ecompl
ement
aryconcept
s

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I
ntr
oduct
ion:
Anthr
opol
ogical
perspect
ivefocus
esonthes
tudyoft
hefull
scopeofhuman
di
versi
tyandtheappli
cati
onofthatknowl
edget
ohelppeopl
eofdiff
erent
backgr
ound.
I
nant hropol
ogytheselfcamet obeunderst
oodasaprocesst
hatorches
trat
es
anindi
vidual’
spers
onalexperiencef
oll
owingwhi
chshe/
hebecomessel
f-awareand
sel
f-
ref
lecti
veabouther/
hisplaceinsoci
ety.
I
nthi
smoduleyouwi l
ll
earnthateveryaspect
sofourli
vescanbest
udiedi
nthe
past
,pr
esentorfut
urefrom ant
hropol
ogicalper
spect
ivet
hatconnect
sustoourpas
t
andhel
pstoprepareforthefut
ure.

Get
ti
ngI
nto

Whati sAnt hropol

ogy
-Anthropol ogyisthefieldofs ocialsci
encest hatfocusesonthes tudyofman. Thi
s
doesnotper t
ainonlytooneas pectofman, butrat heronthet otalit
yofwhatit
meanst obehuman,
-Thef iel
dsl ooksintoman’ sphys i
cal/ biol
ogicalcharacter
ist
ics ,
thes oci
al
rel
ationshipandt heinfluenceofhi sculturefrom thedawnofci vil
izati
onuptothe
present .
- Themai npur poseofant hropologyisf orustounder st
andhumanbi ol
ogi
caland
cult
ur aldiversi
ty,andt heor i
ginsofhumans .

TheSel
finCont
empor
aryAnt
hropol
ogy
In anthr
opology 
the 
sel
f 
came to be 
under
stood 
asa processthatorchestr
atesan
i
ndi
vidual'
spers
onalexperi
encefol
l
owingwhichs/hebecomes
 sel
f-
awareand sel
f-
refl
ect
ive

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s
aboutherorhi
spl
acei
nsoci
ety(
Tayl
or,
1989)
.
I
tconsider
st he genet
ic and cult
uralori
gins of
 sel
f,the rol
et hat 
self
 plays i
n
soci
ali
sat
ionandlanguage,andthetypesof  
sel
f 
wegener ateinourindivi
dualjourneysto
andthroughadult
hood.Wer el
yonot herstotel
lusaboutour sel
f,andeventoletusknow
wear ea 
sel
f.
person”orper sonhood i
s a bundle ofrol
es,norms ofbehavior
,expectati
ons,
res
ponsi
bil
it
ies
,obli
gati
onst hats i
tuat
e a human being i
ns oci
alli
fe...
.The sel
f 
isan
i
denti
fi
cati
on thatnegoti
atesthe tens
ion/
opposi
ti
on bet
ween being a 
person 
and bei
ng
uni
quehuman.

Whati
scont
empor
aryant
hropol
ogy
per
son”orper
sonhood i
sa bundl
e ofr
oles
,nor
msofbehavi
or,expect
ati
ons
,res
pons
ibi
l
iti
es,
obli
gati
onst
hatsit
uat
eahumanbeinginsoci
all
if
e..
..
The sel
f 
isani
dent
if
icat
iont
hatnegot
iat
est
he
tensi
on/
opposi
ti
onbetweenbei
nga 
per
son andbei
nguniquehuman

Ar
cheol
ogy-t
hisr
efer
stot
hes
tudyoft
heanci
entandr
ecenthumanpas
tthr
ough
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sandSucces
s
mater
ial
remains
.Itanal
yzesthephysi
calr
emainsoft
hepas
tinpur
sui
tofabr
oad
andcomprehens
iveunderst
andingofhumancult
ure.

WhySt
udyofAr
cheol
ogyI
mpor
tanti
nUnder
standi
ngt
heSel
f.
-Archeologyprovidesuswiththeopport
unit
ytolear
naboutpas
tcul t
uresthrough
thestudyofartifacts
,animalbonesands omet
imeshumanbones.Studyi
ngt hese
art
if
actshelpsprovideuswithsomeinsi
ghtaboutwhatl
if
ewas,l
ikeforpeoplewho
l
eftbehindnowr i
ttenrecor
d.
-Archeol
ogis
t’sf
ocusisthepas tandhow i tmayhavecont
ri
butedtothepr es
ent
waysofhow peopleconductthei
rdail
yli
ves.Asares
ult
,whatarcheol
ogi
stshaveso
f
ardiscover
edaret heuniquewaysi nwhichhumanbeingsadaptedtochangesin
thei
renvi
ronmentinorderfort
hem tosur
vive.
-Under
standing thepas
tmayhel
pusbet
terunder
standourowns
oci
etyandt
hat
ofot
hercult
ures.

Linguis
ticAnthr ogy-i
opol stheinter
dis
cipl
i
narys t
udyofhow languageinf
luences
sociall
if
e.Itisabranchant
hropol
ogythatori
ginsfrom t
heendeavortodocument
l
anguages ,andhasgr ownoverthepastcent
ur yto encompassmos taspectsof
l
anguages truct
ureanduse.
How Li
ngui
sti
cAnt
hropol
ogyCont
ri
but
est
oHuman Devel
opment
- Human sur
vivali
spri
mari
l
yl inked t
otheirabi
li
tyt
o communi
cat
e and t
he
es
sent
ial
par
tofhumancommunicati
onisl
anguage.
- Linguis
ticant
hropol
ogi
sts
’int
erestfocusesonusi
nglanguageasameanst
o
di
scoveragroup’
smannerofsoci
ali
nter
action andhi
sworl
dview.
- I nt he contemporarysociet
y,otherformsoflanguageshave evolve whi
ch
repr
esentthes ubcul
tur
eofapar ti
cul
argroupsuchast
hetermsusedi
ns ocial
media
andothergroupofpeopl eorcommunity.
-Ass oci
eti
eschangeandtechnol
ogi
esdevelopsodot hesymbolsandmeaning
peopl
eat t
achtoobject
sandeventsasexpr
essedt
hroughthelanguaget
hatthey
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s
us
eandt
hei
rmanner ofcommuni
cat
ing.

Bi
ologi
calAnt
hropol
ogy- .
- Physi
cal/biologicalanthropol
ogyisthes tudyofthepas tandpresent
evol
utionoft hehumans peci
esandises pecial
lyconcernedwith
understandingt hecaus esofpres
enthumandi versi
ty.Withi
nthi
sbr oad
defi
nit
ionitencompas s
esfiel
dsasdisparateashumanpal aeontol
ogy,
evol
utionarybi ology,humangenet i
cs,compar ati
veanat omyandphys i
ology,
pri
matebehavi our,humanbehavi ouralecology,andhumanbi ology.

- Humanbiologybroadlycoverstheareasofmodernhumanbiol
ogi
cal
vari
ati
on,
humanecol ogy,nutri
ti
onanddemogr aphy.Whatmakesphysi
cal
/
bi
ologi
calanthr
opologyuniqueisthati
tbri
ngsalloft
hes
eareastobearon
ourunder
s t
andingofthehumancondi ti
on.

Whyi
sbi
ologi
cal
ant
hropol
ogyi
mpor
tant
?
-Itseektounderst
andhow humansadaptt odiffer
entenvi
ronment
s,whatcauses
diseas
eandear l
ydeat h,andhow humansevolvedfrom ot
herani
mals.Todothis
,
theystudyhumans(li
vinganddead),
otherpr
imatessuchasmonkeysandapes,
and
humanances t
ors(f
ossi
ls)
.
-Theknowledgethatbi
ologicalanthropologist
sgatheronli
vingpopulat
ionsfal
lsinto
sever
alover l
appi
ng cat
egor ies,evolut
ion and biosoci
alvariat
ion ar
e underlying
themesins tudi
esthatdealwi th nutri
tion,chi
ld gr
owth,healthins oci
eti
es,t he
geneti
csofhumanpopulations ,
andadapt ati
on(adjus
tment)totheenvi
ronment .

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Cul
turalAnthropol ogy-Cul tur
al anthropol
ogy  i
sabr anchof  
anthropology f
ocus
ed
onthestudyof  
culturalvar i
ation amonghumans . I
tisincontras
tt o 
social
ant
hropology,whi chper ceivescul t
uralvar
iati
onasas ubsetofapos i
ted
ant
hropologicalcons t
ant .Theumbr el
later
m  sociocult
uralanthropol
ogy  i
ncl
udes
bot
hcul t
uralands oci
alant hropologyt r
adi
tions.
-Cul
tural
anthr
opol
ogist
ss peci
ali
zeinthest
udyofcultur
eandpeoples
’bel
i
efs
,
pract
ices
,andthecogni
tiveands oci
alor
ganizat
ionofhumangroups.

I
mpor
tanceofCul
tur
alAnt
hropol
ogy
Anthropologis
tshavepoi nt
edoutt hatthr
oughcul tur
epeopl ecanadaptt o
theirenvironmenti nnon- geneti
cways ,s
opeopleli
vingindiff
erentenvir
onment swi
ll
oftenhavedi ff
er entcul t
ures.Muchofant hr
opol
ogicaltheoryhasor i
ginatedinan
appr eciat
ionofandi nteresti
nthetensi
onbetweenthel ocal(
parti
cularcul
tures
)and
thegl obal(auni versalhumannat ure,orthewebofconnect ionsbetweenpeopl ei
n
disti
nctplaces /
circumst ances
).
-Culturalant
hropol
ogi
stsstudyhow peopl
ewhos har
eacommoncultur
als
yst
em
organizeands hapethephys i
calandsoci
alworl
daroundthem,andarei
nturn
shapedbyt hosei
deas,behavi
ors,
andphysi
cal
envi
ronment
s.

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Whati
sthes
elfasEmbeddedi
nCul
tur
e

Cul
tur
eandt
heSel
f
Howwes eeoursel
vesshapesourlives,andiss hapedbyourcult
ural
cont
ext .Sel
f-
percepti
onsinfl
uence,amongot herthings,howwet hi
nkaboutthe
worl
d, oursocial
relati
ons
hips,heal
thandlif
es t
ylechoices,communi t
y
engagement ,poli
ti
calact
ions,andult
imatel
yourownandot herpeople'
s
well
-being.

Soci
als
cient
ist
shavel
ongunder
stoodt
hatpeopl
eindi
ff
erentpar
tsoft
hewor
ld
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s

seet hemsel
vesindi
ffer
entways,butres
earchhasoft
enbeendri
venbyarat
her
black-and-
white— ands omewouldsayster
eotypi
cal— vi
ewofwhatt
he
diff
erencesare.

Cul t
uremat terst
ot heext
entthatiti
snor malfordi
fferentexperi
ences
tobef eltbyt heindi
vidualsinagivensociety.I
tiswor t
hnot i
ngher ethatthe
perspectives in cul
turalmat t
ers usual
ly provide a new ins i
ghtintot he
psychologicalprocesses.

Theexperi
enceswegot hr
oughinli
fearef
acil
it
atedbyt
hecult
urewe
l
ivein,becausecult
ureprovi
desoristheenvi
ronmentwhichal
lowsal
lthes
e
experi
encestotakeplace(
War der
,1996)
.

cul
tur
ehassuchagreaterinf
luenceonanindividual’
sli
fecont
ribut
ing
majorl
yt othesel
fconceptofani ndivi
dual
.Thei nfl
uencemi ghteit
herbe
negati
ve orposi
ti
vedepending on the t
ype ofcult
uret hatone hasbeen
broughtupin.

Iti
simpor
tantthati
ndivi
dualsstudyandappreci
atet
hei
rcul
tur
eand
i
tscont
ribut
ioni
nshapingthei
rindivi
dualpers
onal
it
ies
.

Tes
tingt
heKnowl
edgeGai
ned

1
.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sachar
act
eri
sti
cofant
hropol
ogy?

a. I
tisconcernedwithbothhumanbiol
ogyandcultur
e.
b. I
tisconcernedwit
hhumanvar i
ati
on,evol
uti
on,
andadapt
ati
on.
c. focusesonlyonprehi
stor
ics
oci
eti
es.

2.
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
str
ueaboutant
hropol
ogy?

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a.I
tus
uallyispref
erabl
etodoant hr
opologi
calr
es ear
chaloner at
her
thanwithat eam ofr
esearcher
s.
b..
Ant
hropologyasanacademi cdis
cipl
i
neiscompar ati
velyyoung.
c..
Mostanthropol
ogist
stodayaregeneral
is
ts-
-theymas t
erallofthef
iel
ds
ofant
hropology.

3.
Whatdoant hr
opol
ogi
stsmeanwhent
heyr
efert
otheconceptof
"i
ntegr
ati
on"i
nregar
dstocul
tur
es?

a. Dif
ferentkindsofpeopl eshouldlearnt olivetogetheri
npeace.
b. Anys uccessful
behavi or,
strat
egy, ort echni
quef orobt
aini
ngfoodand
sur
vivi
ngi nanew envi r
onmentpr ovidesas el
ect i
veadvantageinthe
competit
ionforsurvivalwithothercreat ures.
c. Thebes twayt os t
udyanot herculturei sbywor ki
ngwithateam of
res
earchersfrom di
fferentacademi cdiscipli
nes.

3. Whi
chofant
hropol
ogyi
spr
imar
il
yint
eres
tedi
nthepr
ehi
stor
yandear
ly
hi
storys ocieti
esandot hercul
tur
es
a.cultur
al anthropology
b.biol
ogical anthropology
c.
ar cheology

4.Biol ogicalAnt hropologyincl

udest hest
udyoft hefol
l
owingtopi
cs:
a.non- humanpr imates
b.fos silr
ecor dsofhumanevol uti
on
c.humanvar i
ati
on
5. Whi chs ubf i
eldofant hropol
ogywoul dmos tl
ikel
yint
erest
edinthepat
ter
nof
kins hip,beliefsandt radit
ionofdiff
erentsoci
eti
es.
a. a.cul turalanthropology
b. l
ingui sti
c
b. c.ar cheology

6.
Ant
hropol
ogi
cal
li
ngui
sti
css
tudi
esof

a.humansoci
alcl
ass
b.humanl
anguage
c.humandis
ease

1
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s

7.
Anar
ti
facti
s

a.wri
ttenrecor
dofpastcul
tur
e
b.atheoryofevol
uti
on
c. anobjectmadebyhumanbeingt
hati
sofwi
thhi
stor
icorcul
tur
al
signi
fi
cance
8.
Thes
tudyofhi
stor
icorpr
ehi
stor
ichumanpopul
ati
onst
hroughanal
ysi
son
mat
eri
alr
emai
ns.
a.Ant
hropol
ogy
b.Li
ngui
sti
cant
hropol
ogy
c.Ar
cheol
ogy

Expl
ainbr
ief
lyt
hef
oll
owi
ngques
tions
:

8.
Cul
tur
al 
Ant
hropol
ogy 
(t
he 
study 
ofhumancul
tur
es)Whydopeopl
e
di
ff
eri
nthei
rbel
i
efsandbehavi
ors
?

_
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
_
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__

9.
Whyi
sther
eet
hni
cconf
li
cti
nthewor
ld?
_
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
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_
_
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__
__
__
__

1
0. 
Whati
s 
li
fel
i
kei
nas
impl
ers
oci
ety?

Ref
erence:

ht
tps
://
www.
sci
encedi
rect
.com/
topi
cs/
soci
al-
sci
ences
/bi
ologi
cal
-ant
hropol
ogy
ht
tps:
//
www. dis
coverant
hropol
ogy.
org.
uk/
about
-ant
hropol
ogy/
what
-i
s-ant
hropol
ogy/
biol
og
i
cal
-anthr
opology.
html

ht
tps
://
phys
ant
h.or
g/car
eer
/car
eer
-bi
ologi
cal
-ant
hropol
ogy/

1
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s

htt
ps:
//
www.googl
e.com/
imgres?i
mgurl
=htt
ps%3A%2F%2Fs
li
depl
ayer
.com%2Fs
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