STAS111

Coverage: ANCIENT PERIOD

1. Science and Technology in Ancient, • Europe
Medieval and Renaissance Period - 750,000 years ago fire is used by
2. 19th and 20th century homo erectus
3. Pre-Spanish and Spanish • Europe
4. American Era - 45,000 Stone-headed spears
5. Post-commonwealth Era • Spain and Saharan Africa
- 20,000 years ago
SCIENCE - The wooden bow and arrow
- the intellectual and practical activity - People in Southern Europe use sewing
encompassing the systematic study of needles made from bone
the structure and behavior of the • Eastern Mediterranean
physical and natural world through - 2000 years ago
observation and experiment. - The Minoans build palaces on Crete.
- The Minoan civilization flourished in
TECHNOLOGY the Middle Bronze Age on the island
- is science or knowledge put into of Crete located in the eastern
practical use to solve problems or Mediterranean from c.
invent useful tools. - 2000 BCE until 1500 BCE
• Greece
- 1000 years ago
- Accumulation of knowledge and passing it - Ironworking
from generation to generation has begun • Italy
when the modern humans evolved from their - 1000 years ago
hominid (APES) ancestors. - The Etruscan civilization is the
- They used stones as tools, and then learned modern name given to a powerful and
how to shape stones to make more efficient wealthy civilization of ancient Italy
tools. As the tools improved, so people were - craftsmen make false teeth from gold
able to use them to fashion weapons and
other artifacts from bone, antler, and wood. AMERICANS
- They also learned how to capture fire from • North America
natural sources such as wild fires, and later - 8,500 years ago
to make fire for themselves by using the heat - Stone arrowheads
generated by friction or sparks from stones,
• Folsom people
or by concentrating the sun’s heat. - 8,000 years ago
- The Folsom people living on eastern
side of the Rocky mountains
sophisticated tools.
• South America
- 6000 years ago
- Pottery is made

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• North America • China

- 2,500 years ago - 2950 years ago
- People in the Arctic makes flint tools - A lunar calendar is developed in
• South America China
- 1750 years ago • Pakistan
- Peruvians build a long canal to irrigate - 2500 years ago
their crops - Clay pipes are used as drains
• Peru (Peruvians) • China
- 1200 years ago - 2500 years ago
- Fishermen in Peru makes rafts and - Chinese doctors begin using
boats from REEDS acupuncture
- Reeds - a tall, slender-leaved plant of • China
the grass family that grows in water or - 2296 years ago
on marshy ground - Chinese astronomers record the
• Mexico (Central America) sighting of a comet
- 1200 years ago • China
- Olmec (were the earliest known - 1361 years ago
major civilization in Mexico following - Chinese astronomers record a solar
a progressive development in eclipse
Soconusco) sculptors carve figurines • China
and giant human heads. - 1000 years ago
- The Chinese begin writing on bamboo
or paper made from bark
ASIA AND OCEANA • India
- 1000 years ago
• Japan
- The Hindu calendar of 360 days in
- 11,000 years ago
introduced in India
- The earliest-known clay pots are made
• China
• Iran
- 850 years ago
- 5200 years ago
- The Chinese use natural gas for
- People in Iran make wine
lighting
• Thailand
- 4000 years ago
- Bronze is first made
AFRICANS AND THE MIDDLE EAST
• China and Mesopotamia
- 3500 years ago • Homo erectus
- The plow is invented - 1,000,000 years ago - uses stone tools
• China - 1,000,000 years ago - begin chipping
- 3000 years ago flakes off stones to sharpen for tools
- Boats in China are equipped with - 1,000,000 years ago – uses antlers to
anchors create tools for cutting and drilling

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• Africa • Mesopotamia
- 15,000 years ago - 2300 years ago
- bone harpoons (barbed spears) are - The earliest known maps are produced
used for fishing in Mesopotamia
• Palestine • Mesopotamia
- 10,000 years ago - 2000 years ago
- build houses from sun-dried bricks - Babylonian mathematicians introduce
• Mesopotamia (Iraq) a positional number system
- 7500 years ago • Syria and Babylon
- Clay tokens are used for record - 2000 years ago
keeping in Mesopotamia - Medicine becomes an important
• Anatolia (Modern Turkey) science
- 600 years ago • Mesopotamian (Pythagoras)
- The world’s first known city was built - 1800 years ago
by the people of Catal Huyuk - Mesopotamian mathematicians
• Ancient Egyptians discover the “Pythagorean Theorem”
- 4236 years ago • Babylonian Astronomers
- devised a 365-day calendar - 1750 years ago
• Mesopotamia (Iraq) - Babylonian astronomers compile lists
- 3500 years ago of planets and stars
- The wheel is invented in Mesopotamia • Egyptians
• Egyptians - 1550 years ago
- 3100 years ago - using about 700 drugs and
- begin using hieroglyphics medications
• Sumerians • Egyptians
- 3000 years ago - 1200 years ago
- introduced a 360-day calendar - The Egyptians dig a canal to join the
• Egyptians Nile River to the Red Sea
- 3000 years ago • Phoenicians
- dam the Garawi River - 1000 years ago
• Egyptians - The Phoenicians - was an ancient
- 2630 years ago civilization composed of independent
- begin building pyramids city-states located along the coast of
• Mesopotamia the Mediterranean Sea stretching
- 2600 years ago through what is now Syria, Lebanon
- Mesopotamians makes glass and northern Israel
• Mesopotamia - develop an alphabet
- 2300 years ago • Mesopotamia
- Babylonian astronomers study comets - 900 years ago
- Farmers use an irrigation system to
water crops

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MEDIEVAL PERIOD - Finally, the crowning of Charlemagne

was important for Europe as a whole.
- also known as “Dark Ages”
It represented the creation of the Holy
- were considered to be one of the
Roman Empire.
creative periods in the history of
humans and said to be the start of the The Invention of Vertical Windmills,
first industrial revolution. Spectacles, Mechanical Clocks
- The term “Dark Ages” came up
- This was the time for discovering great
because there few written records
new inventions in the field of Science
remained from the said era.
and Technology.
- There was very little evidence that will
- There are greater advancement in
support that there was a progress in the
technology and adaptation of Eastern
society during the periods 500 to 1400.
technologies in the West including the
The Plague or the Black Death invention of vertical windmills,
- Almost half of the population died. spectacles, mechanical clocks, greatly
- Rats (Bubonic Plague) improved water mills, building
techniques like the Gothic style and
Doctors Robe
three-field crop rotation.
- They do “Lancing”
Printing Press
- One of the greatest inventions during
CHARLEMAGNE the middle ages was the “Printing
- tried to establish a scholastic tradition. Press” of Johannes Gutenberg in 15th
- In the years immediately after the fall century AD.
of Rome, there was a period of - It was Gutenberg who made printing
readjustment, where medieval society mechanized.
was more concerned with keeping
peace and empire building than
nurturing centers of learning. RENAISSANCE PERIOD
- Charles the Great, numbered Charles I,
- The term used to refer as the period of
was King of the Franks (were a
rebirth as age of preparation for the 17th
collection of Germanic peoples) from
century scientific development and
768, King of the Lombards from 774,
achievements.
and Holy Roman Emperor from 800.
- Renaissance one greatest achievement in
- He united much of western and central
Western Europe was the technology of
Europe during the early Middle Ages.
printing books and other documents
- It gave him the status of an emperor,
because it helped to rapidly spread
making him the only emperor in
knowledge and information as well as the
Europe west of the Byzantine emperor
preservation of culture. Renaissance
in Constantinople.
connects the period of middle Ages to
- This made Charlemagne seem like the
modern history.
most important ruler in Europe.
- It is closely connected with Italy, where it
began in 14th century, although some

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European countries also went into same
cultural changes and phenomena.
- Many historians prefer to think of the
Renaissance as primarily an intellectual
and cultural movement rather than a
historical period.
- Wilde said in his interview with
livescience.com that interpreting the
Renaissance as a time period, though
convenient for historians, "masks the long
roots of the Renaissance."
Galileo Galilei
- was also a major Renaissance scientist
persecuted for his scientific
experiments.
- Galileo improved the telescope,
discovered new celestial bodies and
found support for a heliocentric solar
system.
- He conducted motion experiments on
pendulums and falling objects that
paved the way for Newton's
discoveries about gravity.
- The Catholic Church forced him to
spend the last nine years of his life
under house arrest.
Industrial Revolution
- People rely on their hands in doing
labor works even before the machines
have emerged after a century that made
the outputs of production increased
significantly.
- The phenomenal process in the transfer
of doing work by human hands and feet
to the use of machines was called “The
Industrial Revolution”.
- It began in Great Britain and spread
across Europe, America and even Asia
from 1760 to 1840.
- The Industrial Revolution was a time of
scientific and technological
advancement.
- The revolution spanned the period
during late 18th century to early 19th
century.
- One of the major setback of Industrial
Revolution was skilled workers were
set aside because operation of new
machines were used.
- The companies also hired women and
children increasingly which costs
lower than of the skilled workers.
- Manual/physical labor was changed
into machine-operated devices, even
tradesperson replaced the craftsperson
and the applied scientist replaced the
amateur inventor.
Three important technologies
- can be identified that formed the
foundations of the first industrial
revolution namely: iron production,
steam engine and textiles.
Robert Fulton
- his steamboat that used one of James
Watt’s engines.
Thomas Edison
- who invented the light bulb.
Alexander Graham Bell
- who patented the telephone.
George Stephenson
- who developed the first steam powered
locomotive
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19TH AND 20TH CENTURY
Alessandro Volta
- 1800
- Invented the first electric battery
- “Voltaic Pile”.
- Proved that electricity could be
generated chemically.
- The SI unit of electric potential is
named in his honor as the “volt”.
• Voltaic Pile
- First “wet cell battery”.
- Constructed of alternating discs of zinc
and copper with pieces of cardboard
soaked in brine between the metals.
- Produced electrical current.
- Could not deliver an electrical current
for a long time.
René Laennec
- 1816
- Invented the stethoscope
- Pioneered its use in diagnosing
various chest conditions.
• Laennec Stethoscope
- Stethos(chest)
- Skopein(to view or see)
- Method of using the stethoscope
“auscultation” from “auscultare”
(listen)
- Made of long, rolled paper tube.
- Used to funnel the sound from the
patient’s chest to his ear.
Christopher Latham Sholes & Carlos S.
Glidden
- 1867-1878
- Invented the first successful typewriter
- “Sholes and Glidden Typewriter”
- Along with Samuel W.
• Sholes and Glidden Typewriter
- “Remington No. 1”
- On 1867, a crude prototype was made.
- Placed in market on July 1, 1874.
- Looked like a sewing machine, with a
foot-pedal carriage.
- Established the “QWERTY” layout
for letter keys.
Michael Faraday
- Discovered the operating principle
used in creating dynamo (an electrical
generator) during the years 1831-1832.
- It is called the Faraday’s Law
Dmitri Mendeleev
- Formulated the Periodic Table
- which arranged all the known elements
according to their atomic weight in
1869.
John Walker
- The first friction matches was
invented by him in 1826.
George Stephenson
- “Steam locomotive” were first
developed in the Great Britain during
the 1814 and built by him.
- It is a type of a railway locomotive
that produces pulling power through a
steam engine.
Louis Pasteur
- 1864
- develops pasteurization: a way of
preserving food by heating it to kill off
bacteria.
Alexander Graham Bell
- is best known for his invention of the
telephone.
- Which he received his first patent in
1876.
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Jesse Reno
- 1892
- Patented his moving stairs or inclined
elevator.
Louis Braille
- The writing system for the blind known
as Braille was invented by French
student Louis Braille in 1824.
Samuel Colt
- In 1836 manufacturer Samuel Colt
received a patent for a revolver
mechanism that enabled a gun to be
fired multiple times without reloading .
20TH CENTURY REMARKABLE
INVENTIONS
John Dalton
- published his atomic theory in 1908.
Wilbur and Orville Wright
- “Wright Brothers”
- 1903
- Invented the first successful airplane.
- “The Wright Flyer”
• Wright Flyer
- First successful heavier-than-air flying
machine.
- Product of four-year research and
development beginning in 1889.
- Assembled in North Carolina.
- The first attempt failed on December
14.
- Flown four times on December 17.
Martin Cooper
- April 3, 973
- “Father of the cellular phone”
- Motorola researcher and executive.
- Develops first handheld cellphone
(mobile phone)
- The first call was to his rival at Bell
Labs Research.
• First handheld cell phone
- Weighed 1.1 kg
- 226.6x127x44mm
- 30 minutes of talk time
- Took around 10 hours to charge.
- In 1983 , the first commercial mobile
phone was released called “Motorola
DynaTAC8000x”
- 30 minutes talk time, 6 hours standby,
could store 30 phone numbers.
- Cost $3995
Former Soviet Union
- October 4, 1957
- Launched Sputnik I and Sputnik II.
• Sputnik I
- Means ‘fellow traveler’
- First man-made satellite
- Beginning of space age.
- Size of a basketball and weighed 180
pounds.
- Travelled 18,000 mph, 500 miles
above Earth’s surface.
- Battery died on Oct 27, 1957.
- Remained in orbit until Jan 4, 1958
when it burned up in Earth’s
atmosphere.
• Sputnik II
- Launched on November 3, 1957.
- Carrying the first living thing (dog)
into space.
- “Laika”
- Laikawas place in a separate sealed
cabin.
- Six times as heavy as the first.
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John Larson 1947

- 1921 - Mobile phone was invented
- A medical student - but cell phones were not sold until
- invented the modern polygraph 1983.
instrument also known as lie detector
test. Philo Taylor Farnsworth
- 1927
Alexander-Mészáro - The first electronic television was
- 1921 invented a 27 years old.
- Artificial life begins
- the first robot built
Peter Carl Goldmark
- Worked on a colour-television system
Willis Carrier that was first demonstrated in 1940.
- Invented the first electrical air
conditioner in 1902.
Thomas Edison PRE-SPANISH AND SPANISH
COLONIAL PERIOD OF SCIENCE AND
- Aug 27, 1910
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
- The New York Times reported that
Thomas Edison exhibited his new Pre-Spanish Period
kinetoscopeto a small audience in New - Philippines have few written information
Jersey. with regards to the society, culture, and
- It was reported as the first technology on the past before the Spanish
demonstration of his moving picture has arrived.
invention synchronized with sound. - 50,000 years ago the archaeological
findings indicate that the Homo sapiens
Albert Einstein from the Asia is the first to come over the
land and cross narrow channel to live in
- 1905 Palawan and batangas. They are first
- published the Theory of Relativity. anchestors.

Chester Carlson Ornaments

- The xerographic process, which was
invented by Chester Carlson in 1938
and developed and commercialized by
the Xerox Corporation, is widely used
to produce high-quality text and
graphic images on paper.
1942
- when the first digital computer was
made.
- Natives wore ornament made of gold and
precious stones. Both genders wore armlet,
legs let, bracelets, gold rings and earring.
Putting tattoos in their body was practiced
especially in males because it signifies
bravery in war. They also inserted gold
between their teeth as an ornament.
- Wala pang Spanish nun panahon nyan

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Mindanao and Visayas
- May palamuti sila sa sa katawa, which
is the tattoo or sign of bravery.
- Ginagalang noon pag may tattoo.
Medicinal and therapeutic properties of plants
and the methods of extracting medicine from
herbs.
ANITOS, DIWATAS, AND BABAYLAN
- naniniwala pa tayo ditto sapagkat wala
pa noon ang Christianity.
- Babyan – mga manggagamot.
MANUNGGUL JAR
- mga abong nong yumao.
- Kasi base sa paniniwala nila, yung
boat sa ibabaw ng jar ang magdadala
sayo sa kabilang buhay or afterlife.
AMULETS (ANTING-ANTING)
During 3,000B.C. They learned to produce
adzes ornament of seashells and pottery
that prosper for 2,000 years until
competition arrived with the Chinese
porcelains. Eventually they’ve learned
how to use metal as their tool sand the so
called Iron Age lasted until the 3rd century
B.C. to 11th century A.D. and during this
time, Filipinos were involved in ore mining
such as copper, gold, bronze and iron.
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BAHAY KUBO SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

- The colonization of the Philippines
contributed to growth of science and
technology in the archipelago. They
introduced the formal education and
founded scientific institution.
- Agriculture and industrial development
were relatively neglected due to the
prospects of big profits given by
trading when Galleon Trade was
- Gawa sa kawayan at Nipa-Hut introduced in the Philippines. The
opening of the Suez Canal saw the
influx of European visitors to the
Alphabet, number system, a weighing and Spanish Colony and some Filipinos
measuring system and a calendar. were able to study in Europe who were
probably influenced by the rapid
development of scientific ideals.
- Dumating mga Philippine- America
para maghanap ng spices, mga
ingredients na ginagamit sa pagluto.
Tinatawa nila ang Pilipinas bilang
“Spice Island”

- Alibata, Baybayin – first alphabet.

- During the early years of Spanish rule
in the Philippines. Parish schools were
Engineering - Filipinos have also engaged established where religion, reading,
themselves into weaving, shipbuilding, mining writing, arithmetic and music was
and farming that leads them in creating one of taught. Sanitation and more advanced
the finest products of engineering which is the methods of agriculture was taught to
Banaue Rice Terraces. the natives.
University na tinayo ng mga Espanyol:
- UST, San Juan De Letran, Colegio De
Immaculada Concepcion

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Galleon Trade (barko)
- made a big impact in the economic
growth of the Philippines. Spaniards
gave priority to the Galleon Trade due
to its potential to make huge profits.
That is why agriculture and industrial
development were not given focus and
were neglected during this time. When
Suez Canalwas built, visiting each
other countries for Europeans and
Filipinos was made possible and was
probably influenced by the rapid
development of scientific ideals
brought by the Age of Enlightenment.
The opening on November 17, 1869 of the
Suez Canal in Egypt, one of the most
important artificial sea-level waterways in the
world, paved the way for the Philippines' direct
commercial relations with Spain instead of via
Mexico.As travel time from the Philippines to
Spain and vice versa was shortened to 30 days
from more than two months.
AMERICAN AND POST-
COMMONWEALTH ERA
American Rule (1898-1946)
- Progression of science and technology
in the Philippines
- Nasakop tayo ng mga Amerikano pero
hindi tayo nakipag-gyera.
- Nagkaroon ng conflict between spain
and United State
- Ibineta ng espanya ang pilipinas sa
Amerika
- Natuwa ang mga Pilipino noon kasi
uunlad daw ang Pilipinas.
July, 1, 1901
- The Philippine Commission -
established the Bureau of Government
Laboratories
- The Bureau - replaced the Laboratorio
Municipal, which was established
under the Spanish colonial era.
- dealt with the study of tropical diseases
and laboratory projects.
- noong dumating ang mga Amerikano
ay binago nila ito at ginawang Bureu of
Government Laboratories.
- Very common na sakit noon ay ang
kagat ng lamok, Malaria.
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Bureau of Government Laboratories
• Oct 26, 1905
- was replaced by the Bureau of Science
• Dec 8, 1933
- The National Research Council of the
Philippines was established.
- The Bureau of Science became the
primary research center of the
Philippines until World War II.
Bureau of Science
• 1946
- was replaced by the Institute of Science
• 1950
- Report of the US Economic Survey in
the Philippines:
- lack of basic information
- lack of support of experimental work
and minimal budget for scientific
research.
- and low salaries of scientists
Algapito Flores
- inventor of the fluorescent lamp
- ayaw ng Pilipino kaya pumunta sa
ibang bansa at doon ito binenta.
Pres. Carlos P. Garcia (1958)
- Philippine Congress passed the Science
Act of 1958 which established the
National Science Development Board.
National Scientists who have contributed in
different fields of Science
• Angel Alcala
- a National scientist, noted for his work
in marine and aqua biology which
largely contributed on the progression
of science and technology in the
Philippines.
- Siya ang naka-identify ng mga isdang
pwedeng kainin
• Fe del Mundo
- the founder the first pediatric hospital
in the Philippines. Her pioneering work
in pediatrics in the Philippines while in
active medical practice spanned eight
decades.
• Eduardo Quisimbing
- was a Filipino biologist, a leading
authority of plants in the Philippines.
• Gavino Trono
- A Filipino b ologist dubbed as the
"Father of Kappaphycus farming", was
conferred the rank of national scentist
of the Philippines for contributions to
the study of tropical marine phycology.
- Kappaphycus – seaweeds, mayaman sa
iodine at gamot sa goiter.
American Period
Science was inclided to:
• Agriculture
• food processing
• yawa medicine
• pharmacy
Free trade policy
- not much focus was given on the
development of industria1 technology
Post-Commonwealth Era
- devoted to preparation for economic
and political independence and
perfection of democratic institutions.
But even before the tragic events of
World War 11, the transition did not
run smoothly.
- Manuel Quezon – sa pagmumuno nya
ay tuloy pa rin ang pagtulong ng mga
Amerikano.
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Greatest Contribution
Education
Free Education
- Americans introduced the idea, even
sent teachers to help establish schools
where the Filipino children could have
a free education.
- "Thomasites" named after the boat that
they came on, called Thomas.
• Spaniards - religion; capture Filipino's
hearts and minds
• Americans - education; neglect and set aside
our own culture and identity.
Daniel Burnham
- with Manila's Filipino Hispanic roots,
he developed the Urban planning of
Manila through the City Beautiful
Movement
Architecture
- introduced new types of concrete
houses, bungalows, chalets, and
earthquake proof buildings.
Clothing
- Filipinos adapted the American fashion
statement using hats, long sleeved
coats and long long sleeved polos
inside it with matching neck ties for
men.
Entertainment
- American lifestyle and pop culture
includes a wide range of forms: folk
songs, dance tunes, ballads, Broadway
songs, rock' n' roll, disco, jazz, and rap.
Communication
- devices like the telegraph, telephone,
radios, and movies were introduced by
the Americans.
Arts
- introduced new types of concrete
houses, bungalows, chalets, and
earthquake proof buildings.
Health
- Filipinos learned the value of
cleanliness, proper hygiene and healthy
practices. Hospitals, clinics, and health
centers were established including
public hospitals for lepers.
Livelihood
- Philippine Economy improved and
there is an increase in agricultural
production and development of new
industries.
Economy
- can be attributed to free trade relations
that the Americans imposed upon the
country. Philippine products were also
allowed to enter American markets free
of duty within quota limits.
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Food "While there may be a possibility that America

- American influences added yet another
dimension to the Filipino food culture -
speed and convenience. Filipinos
became consumers of American
products - prepackaged foods, canned
goods and fast foods.
was honest in its desire to assist us achieve that
which is the perceived ideal, as history teaches
us. Some of the worst mistakes were made with
the best intentions."

Transportation
Submarines
- were used during the American period. Ito yun pinakamahaba kong nagawa na
It is used in trading, war, and reviewer. Ambilis bilis mag discuss ni sir tas
transportation to other countries super dami pala to HAHHAA anyway, yun
through the water. last lesson na diniscuss ni sir d ko na
Carretela sinummary yan, puro copy paste, tinamad ako
- Also known as Kalesa, is a horse- sensya na, plus kumuha ako sa notes ni Sarah,
drawn two-wheeled cart used yun mga may tagalog (>3<)
commonly by the ilustrados for ihighlight nyo nlng un mga importante! Kung
personal travels. During the American gusto nyo Makita yun pictures, nasa drive lng
period, the city of Manila was teeming yun ppt. Goodluck guys!!
with carretelas, but these - Aki
Aircraft
- It was introduced by the Americans.
The first use of aircrafts in the
Philippines were during wars
especially against the Japanese.

The American Influence

- brought about good and bad aspects to
the Philippines. Many roads and
bridges were constructed. New
technologies were introduced to the
country.
- Philippine people might have enjoyed
some benefits but they were not the real
reasons why such developments were
made. The Americans imposed these
rules to achieve their main objective,
which is to colonize and use the
country and its people.

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