Next Test syllabus

: PC
1/8/20247
upto Thd -2

Atomic Str -
XI
 H I U = 0

+ W 0
v9 ,
9 ,
+ 92 =

* -
-

iÉ Far?→w
←
.

• a-
ñ="÷¥:
IW1

92 TREE =
1-
IT ,

I
 g.
=

CE
"
¥ =

1¥
?? I -_ ok ??
*
7=1

-1 ?? Ty - ok ? ?
n'
-

*
Kelvin-Planck Statement "
Motion
Perpetual

=tÑPMM-2y)
machine
kind is
↳ or , of second

impossible
t-MPOSSIBLE.MY
.

→ I w=
- too
e ←
It

92--0
stony
 is
FIOT :
PMm impossible .

→
I
cyclic → W
p
←
I
Networked
pram -
I
 KP -
SLOT

Y1W it 1W

II. F-
die
} ,
cyclic
HE
1W

I / to
92=0

KP ✓ ✗
2=1 ?? torn .E .

is Impossible
can't achieve this
Best Carnot

Imax
= I -

In > 2
Actual
HE .
 Mine .

This .

0 1.0
- -

f.
-
-
.
-
- - - - .
- -
- - -

slope ¥H
-
:

Slope -_

¥12
> '
0K In % TH
Th

Tn fix [ fix

¥ ¥)÷+÷
I -

n=
.
, .

(8%-1)-1; -

kn
ÉIÉ)-②
⇐"
(A) =
1%1-21 )
TH
Two Adiabats can never intersect

փ:;;:
- I
n
-

to
1W / =

>

Adiabat
Sf .
 ☐Ñ=+r+E
'

p A- .

{ sf
too

ii¥É;;
9--0
B
Intersected
'
-

%
.
.
'

""
2 ?
±
÷
-

I 7
-
- -

•
↳
?⃝
 ÷
PV
Anticlockwise
>

.it#.uni-wmi:-
(;É
 Clausius Statement

¥0
Coppet ¥6
'

copy p =

1W IN

30 30
70
TO
 KPICLausiusmf.li?s20--gof
too
*
3°
no

C¥
1-
30
30

go µ 70
70

try
comp
.

-4¥
É A 70
*
*

Efficiency of the Carnot cycle is independent of the

working substance and depends only on T1- and TH

"
÷ ) :: :
-

v. w
gas
.

Fluid

:
Thermodynamic Temperature Scale

or Absolute Temperature Scale =

"+÷①
t
Relative
to I. Go

÷
I
n=
-
Reversible vs Irreversible Cycle Efficiency

I Rev
>
2 In
H1E HE .

= Cannot HE
.

Proof . . -
oOh•-eEoSoozegeeeE
eEeosegpnfIEpRpogoaeeooE-*

sgeeooeoq

*
All Carnot engines

{ operating beth same

v60
µ 1W

two reservoirs have

"¥ "

§ :3 1¥ efficiency
same .

440
¥:*:* ⑤ ✗
Tin
The Clausius Inequality
 E-

+ ' 50
4C 1491 +5112 + Shh,s) → C2H , - S -
GH5
is )
L t for

4lCG)l0Hls)S ✓
GH5 -5-5-4115
+ Zoo
44s ,
t 51121s) +2544s)→
11

4ccs)I0HisI2
{ 1 12×45 150 1- Es
-
s
-225

?
 "
±
I t )

¥
fear H =
Eabs -
Eve

= C- ⇐c- 2 C-
c- c

=
(590 -

2×331) K5
If
Introducing Entropy Function

Boom
 I
- :-c:-&
c .

Art '
?
↳ Hq + 502 → 3h02 + 4112011 )

ZECC
8-4-1, ↳ /
✓
5<-0--0
tiny f- (4×41)

3 CT8H 1OO > 4021s )

+ 4112018)

[ 64=0+81-0-1 ]
 a b mole

Eg= ?

HRel .
= Habs

/
.

(10×2) ✗ b = 130 a
 Ing = 4- I = -
I

✓ 5 4
-

St -

try w =

=
-

-
Ing
C- 1)
RT

RT

=
RT (for 3 mole
A)

_×5 ( for 5 not A)

ARE
IF
Han +

50mmol
Bacon ),
"
¥É÷° -5%10-115
40mmol
ARE
SB20
mm

WA 10mmol

]
(Remaining)

45×1%45 to "'

i -57×40%0 KJ

40mmol
÷"
-

✗→
¥