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Collision Avoidance Policy
Standards
Geomagnetic Field Model
Co-ordinate Reference Systems
Target Definition – Geological and Drilling
Trajectory Design Planning Inputs and Outputs
Anti-Collision Criteria
Survey Program Design
COMPASS software
BHA “SAG” Deflection Correction
Reporting Requirements/Database Maintenance
Collision Avoidance Standards
Surveying Practices
MWD Surveying Procedures
Gyro Surveying Procedures
Generic Survey Programs
Isolated Vertical Well
Deviated Platform Well, 45° inclination
Deviated Platform Well, 65° inclination
BGGM
The Geomagnetic Field Model used by Halliburton is the
British Geological Survey Global Geomagnetic Model
(BGGM).
This model estimates the values describing the earth’s
geomagnetic Field, i.e. the magnetic field strength, the Dip
angle, the corrections from Magnetic to True North and the
correction from True to Grid North.
This model is updated each year, and the model for the
most recent year must be used.
The geomagnetic field varies with time, and so should be
re-calculated if drilling resumes after a well has been
suspended for an extended period of time.
Collision Avoidance Example Standards
Co-ordinate Reference Systems
The following reference information is critical to trajectory
design and monitoring, and must be displayed in the Drilling
Program for each well.
Driller’s target
Trajectory
Collision Avoidance Example Standards
Trajectory Design Planning Inputs and Outputs
Design Inputs
The trajectory design requires a number of critical
inputs. These inputs must be acquired by the Drilling
Engineer, and supplied to the person responsible for
the well profile design.
95.4%
Confidence
interval
68.3%
-2 -1 Confidence
1 2
interval
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Collision Avoidance Example Standards
Anti-Collision Criteria - continued
Compass planning software automatically defaults to
the selection that was used when last run – this may
not be what is required.
Scan Method
Distance between wellpaths
Error Surface
Calculating dimension of error surfaces between
wellpaths
Collision Avoidance Compass Example
Error System
Wellbore position uncertainty
Cone of Error
Inclination Expansion
ft
t o t/1 0 25° to 34.99° 12ft/1000ft
t
00
f
f
ft/1000
9 9 1
10
4. ft / 35° to 49.99° 14ft/1000ft
2 2
ft/
t o °1 50° to 79.99° 15ft/1000ft
15°
14
.9 9 80° to 89.99° 21ft/1000ft
4 9°
15
o3
.9
° t
49
79.99°
25
° to
35
50° to
Collision Avoidance Error Models
Systematic Ellipse -Combines the following survey tool errors
Wolfe and de Wardt model
Relative Depth Error
Error in measuring along hole depth e.g.
stretch in a wireline.
Misalignment Error
Error due to instrument misalignment in the
wellbore
True Inclination Error
Error in inclination reading
Compass Reference Error
A constant error in direction due
misalignment e.g. gyro foresight error or
error in magnetic declination.
Drillstring Magnetization
Magnetic interference cause by “hot
spots”
Gyrocompass
Error due to gyro gimbal drift
Collision Avoidance Error Models
Error System - ISCWSA
Dynamic Number of Error Sources, each defined by:
Name (e.g. Accelerometer Bias)
Vector (direction for error source)
Azimuth, Depth, Inclination, Lateral, Misalignment, Inertial, Bias
Elliptical Conic
Circular Conic
Combined Covariances
Projected Vector
Collision Avoidance Separation Factor
Separation Factor
R1 R2
Center to Center
Center to Center
Separation Factor = -----------------------
R1 + R2
For example if Center to Center = 40, R1 = 10 R2 = 20 the Separation factor = 40 /
(10+20)
= 40 / 30 SF = 1.333
Collision Avoidance Separation Factor
Separation Factor = 1
Offset Well
Error Ellipse
Minor
Separation
= Center to Center Separation
Factor
R1 + R 2
Collision Avoidance Error Surfaces
Separation Factor Collision Avoidance Methods
To date the most common method for determining a minimum
separation is to add the projected ellipse radii of the offset well and
the reference well together. (Compass software)
S
SF
( Er Eo)
Reference Ellipsoid Offset Ellipsoid
Er Eo
Where Er is the error on the reference projected in the direction of closest approach.
And Eo is the error on the offset similarly projected.
The ellipse radii are taken at a specified confidence (sigma) level. 2 Sigma is most commonly
used and is roughly equivalent to 95% confidence in 1 dimension. Other higher levels have
been used
Collision Avoidance Error Surfaces
Circular Conic
Radius Projected onto Major Error Ellipse Dimension
Spheroidal Projection
based on Major Dimension
of Error Ellipse
Major
R2
R1 Pl ane
C- C
Major
Er Eo
S = Separation of Centers
Collision Avoidance Error Surfaces
Combined Covariance
Combines the errors on the reference and offset by covariance addition before
any distance calculations are performed. Radius Projected onto Error Ellipse
as Intersected by Center to Center Plane
E1 R1
Center to Center
Distance
Without Casing
Radii
12-1/4” 8-1/2”
OH OH
With Casing
Radii
9-5/8” 7” Liner
Casing
Collision Avoidance Example Standards
Casings
Where Dr is the bit diameter on the reference wellbore at the depth
of interest. Do is the casing diameter on the offset wellbore.
S
Separation Factor SF
( Er Eo ( Dr Do) / 2)
S ( Dr Do) / 2
Separation Factor SF
( Er Eo)
Collision Avoidance Example Standards
Scan Method
Distance between wellpaths
Closest Approach 3D
Travelling Cylinder
Travelling Cylinder North
Horizontal Plane
Collision Avoidance Example Standards
Scan Method Offset Well Reference Well
(Drilled well) (Drilling well)
Closest Approach 3D
Travelling Cylinder
Travelling Cylinder North
Horizontal Plane
Collision Avoidance Scan Methods
Closest Approach 3D
Offset Well Reference Well
Advantages:
Always show the minimum
distance to an offset wellpath
sphere
Disadvantages:
Gives a distorted
impression of separation
on a travelling cylinder
plot.
Line is always
perpendicular
to the offset
well
Collision Avoidance Scan Methods
Travelling Cylinder
Offset Well Reference Well
Advantages:
True to the concept of a
traveling cylinder plot.
Disadvantages:
Difficult to understand, scans
from offset well back to
reference well disk
May miss a collision between
Line is always
wellpaths crossing
perpendicular to
perpendicular to each other
the reference
well
Collision Avoidance Scan Methods
Travelling Cylinder North
Offset Well Reference Well
Advantages:
The traveling cylinder plot is
oriented to Map North when the
reference well is at low angles.
Toolface angle to an offset well
is then reported as the angle
from the high-side of your
current Wellbore + the azimuth disk
of your current Wellbore
Line is always
Disadvantages:
perpendicular to
May miss a collision between
the reference
wellpaths crossing
well
perpendicular to each other.
Collision Avoidance Scan Methods
Advantages:
Simple to understand.
Disadvantages:
Should not be used to scan
non-vertical wells.
May miss a collision between
horizontal & vertical wellpaths.
disk
Cannot be used to scan The horizontal
horizontal wells. distance between
two wells at a given
TVD
Collision Avoidance Example Standards
Minimum Separation Distance
In it’s simplest form the minimum allowable distance would be R1 + R2
Offset Well
Reference Well
actual separation
R1
R2
cente
r to ce
nter d
ista nce
Collision Avoidance Example Standards
Minimum Separation Distance
S 3 1 2 1 / 2 d 1 d 2 Sb min{0.01DD,10m}
Radius of the
planned well From: BP BPA-D-004
Collision Avoidance Example Standards
Minimum Separation Distance
Where:
1 = Planned well positional uncertainty at 1 standard deviation
2 = Interfering well positional uncertainty at 1 standard deviation. This must include any uncertainty in the relative
surface positions of the planned and offset wells.
d1 = Hole size in the planned well.
d2 = Casing OD in the interfering well
Sb = Allowance for survey bias
DD = Drilled depth (ie. The depth in the planned well measured from the Well Reference Point, usually mudline or surface
reference point).
Example:
Planned well uncertainty at 1 std. dev. = 1 = 8m
Interfering well uncertainty at 1 std. dev. = 2 = 5.5m
Hole size in planned well = d1 = 17.5” = 0.445m
Casing OD in interfering well = d2 = 13.375” = 0.340m
Allowance for survey bias = Sb = 0m
Drilled depth = DD = 650m
It is to be used for:
Wellpath planning and plotting
Project-ahead calculations
Wellpath calculations
Borehole positional uncertainty calculations
Anti-collision monitoring
Data storage
Collision Avoidance Example Standards
BHA “SAG” Deflection Correction
Checkshots
Checkshot Procedures
Running into a well:
Each time the BHA is run in to the well, a checkshot is taken to
ensure the MWD is recording data correctly
The checkshot survey should be at a point at least 30m (100 ft) from
the previous casing shoe, not affected by magnetic interference
from adjacent wells
The dogleg severity should if practicable be less that 0.5deg/30m
(100 ft)
The purpose of this survey is to identify any problems with the
directional sensors before the MWD is tripped all the way to bottom
Obviously there can be no checkshot for the first run in each hole
section
Collision Avoidance Example Standards
Checkshots
Checkshot Procedures
Pulling out of a well if MWD data has become suspect over the
course of the run:
A checkshot survey is taken at the checkshot station
previously established. This is to establish the integrity of the
directional data acquired immediately prior to pulling out.
All checkshots shall be taken with the MWD sensors within 1
meter (3 ft) M.D. of the previous checkshot or survey station.
Collision Avoidance Example Standards