Smt. V.H.D.

Central Institute of Home Science

[Autonomous]
Sheshadri Road, Bangalore-560001
B.Sc. Fashion and Apparel Design

Project report on
“CASE STUDY ON
INK WASH PAINTING ON PILLOW COVER”

Project guide
Smt. NIKITHA B.S
Guest Faculty

Submitted By
NAME: INCHARA Y
Reg. No: 18BHAS2027
V semester, B.Sc., FAD

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 CERTIFICATE
Certified that this Project Report entitled “INK WASH PAINTING ON PILLOW
COVER” which is being submitted by Inchara y bearing Reg No, 18BHAS2027, V Sem
student B.Sc. Fashion and Apparel Design.
During the year 2020-2021 is record of students own work carried out under my/our guidance. It
is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been
incorporated in the report and one copy of it being deposited in the department.
The project has been approved as it is sacrifices the academic requirements in respect of Project
Work prescribed for the said Degree.
It is further understood that by this certificate the undersigned do not endorse or approve any
statement made opinion expressed or conclusion on their approval on the Project only for the
purpose of being submitted.

Guide
Smt. NIKITHA B.S

Signature

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 AUTHENTICITY CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project work entitled “INK WASH PAINTING ON PILLOW
COVER” submitted by Ms. Inchara y on partial fulfillment of the requirements for B.Sc., FAD
course based on the result of studies carried out by her in the department of Textiles and
Clothing, Smt. VHD Central Institute of Home Science [Autonomous], Bangalore under my
guidance and supervision.

GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Smt. Nikitha B.S Dr. Belinda Lopez

Examiner 1:

Examiner 2:

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that “INK WASH PAINTING ON PILLOW COVER” by Inchara y

[Reg. No 18BHAS2027], in partial fulfilment of the requirement for Bachelor of Science degree
in Fashion and Apparel Design course was conducted by me at Department of Textiles and
Clothing, Smt. V.H.D Central Institution of Home Science, (Autonomous), Bengaluru. Under the
guidance of Smt. Nikitha B.S (Guest faculty) and Dr. Belinda Lopez (HOD in Textiles and
Clothing Department) the project or any part of this thereof had not been previously submitted
for any other degree of any university.

SINGATURE OF CANDIDATE:

REGISTER NUMBER:

18BHAS2027

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to thank to my Principal Dr.Tara Bai for the excellent environment in the college,
which helped me in the successful development of the report.

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Smt. Nikitha B.S, (Guide) and Dr. Belinda Lopez (HOD
of Textiles and Clothing Department) for the encouragement words and guidance which helped
me to achieve perfection in my work.
I would like to thank all my lectures who have always been supportive.
I would like to thank my parents for their constant support during the development of the report.
I would like to thank my friends who supported me for the completion of the project.

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“INK WASH PAINTING ON
PILLOW COVER”

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 CONTENTS

SL NO INDEX PAGE
NO.

1 ABSTRACT 9
2 INTRODUCTION 10

3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 11

4 METHODOLOGY 23

4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 28

4 BIBILOGRAPHY 31

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INTRODUCTION

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 ABSTRACT

Chinese painting art history is one of the most unique human being is unique
Chinese civilization but also a traditional Chinese culture. With the development of
modern art, the mutual penetration and influence cross fusion between different
kinds of arts as become an inevitable trend of history, in the east west cultural
collision continues today, to use ink art packaging design more and more common,
which is china a traditional cultural inheritance. These papers described in
traditional ink painting art visual art element contained in packaging design to
further discuss ways and integration of both trends. Usually, the technique is used
in conjunction with lines made by a pen or Pencil that define and outline, while the
wash provides colour, depth, and volume so the use of Chinese ink art of packing
design is more ethnic.

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 INTRODUCTION

Ink Wash Painting

Ink wash painting is a type of East Asian Brush Painting that uses the same Black ink in East
Asian Calligraphy in different concentrations. Emerging in Tang Dynasty China (618–907), it
overturned earlier, more realistic techniques. It is typically monochrome, using only shades of
black, with a great emphasis on virtuoso brushwork and conveying the perceived "spirit" or
"essence" of a subject over the direct intimation It flourished from the song dynasty in China
(960–1279) onwards, as well as in Japan after it was introduced by Zen Buddhist monks in
the 14th century Somewhat later, it became important in Korean painting. A late-20st-century,
early-21st-century and ongoing movement, Modern ink painting (sometimes called the "New Ink
Movement or the "New Ink Art is an emerging style that reaches beyond traditional Asian ink
painting in scope and treatment of a minimalist-art. Creating a design using paper canvas on the
ink the traditional painting medium for ink and wash is black ink, typically applied with long
hair brushes on to paper or silk
Ink and wash painting, in Chinese "water and ink” also loosely termed watercolour or brush
painting, and also known as "literati painting", as it was one of the "Four Arts" of the
Chinese Scholar-official class. In theory this was an art practiced by gentlemen, a distinction that
begins to be made in writings on art from the Song dynasty, though in fact the careers of leading
exponents could benefit considerably. This style is also referred to as or freehand style.
Creating an Ink Painting using Paper Canvas to design a Pillow Cover to make pillow case. they
have different materials like Cotton, Silk, Synthetic, Polyester, Velvet etc.
A wash of diluted ink or water colour paint applied in combination with drawing is called pen
and wash, wash drawing or ink and wash. A wash is accomplished by using a large amount of
solvent with little paint.

The completed painting is then mounted on scrolls, which are hung or rolled up. The ink itself
comes in the form of a carbon stick which is ground and the resulting particles mixed with
water.

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 REVIEW OF
LITERATURE

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 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

AIM: A CASE STUDY OF INK PAINTING ON FUSABLE CANVAS PAPER PILLOW

COVER

OBJECTIVE: To study the application of Ink Wash Painting

To design and develop the Ink Wash Painting on Pillow Cover on Fusable Interfacing/Paper
Canvas

INK PAINTING
• Definition
• History
• Types
• Colour used

FUSABLE CANVAS PAPER/PAPER CANVAS

• Definition
• History
• Types

PILLOW COVER
• Definition
• Types

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DEFINATION:
Ink Wash Painting are the ink wash technic is a type of brush painting that uses black ink or
other ink as used in calligraphy- in different concentration. It is said that the technic was
invented by an artist named wang wei.

HISTORY
In Chinese painting, brush painting was one of the “Four Arts” expected to be learnt by China's
class of scholar-officials. Ink wash painting appeared during the Tang dynasty (618–907), and its
early development is credited to Wang Wei and Zhang Zao, among others.
In the Ming dynasty, Dong Qichang would identify two distinct styles: a clearer, grander Norther
School C: Beizonghua or Beihua J: Hokushuga or Hokuga) and a freer, more expressive
Southern School C: Nanzonghua or Nanhua, J: Nanshuga or Nanga), also called "Literati
Painting" C: Wenrenhua, J: Bunjinga.

In Japan, the style was introduced in the 14th century, during the Muromachi period (1333–
1573) through Zen Buddhist monasteries, and in particular Josetsu, a painter who immigrated
from China and taught the first major early painter Tensho shubun (d. by 1450). Both he and his
pupil Sesshu Toyo (1420–1506) were monks, although Sesshū eventually left the clergy, and
spent a year or so in China in 1468-69. By the end of the period the style had been adopted by
several professional or commercial artists, especially from the large Kano school founded by
Kano Masanobu (1434–1530); his son Kano Motonobu was also very important. In the Japanese
way, the most promising pupils married daughters of the family, and changed their names to
Kano. The school continued to paint in the traditional Japanese yamato-e and other coloured
styles as well.

A Japanese innovation of the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1568-1600) was to use the

monochrome style on a much larger scale in byobu folding screens, often produced in sets so that
they ran all round even large rooms. The shorin-zu byobu of about 1595 is a famous example;
only some 15% of the paper is painted.
The smaller, more purist and less flamboyant Hasegawa school was founded by Hasegawa
Tohaku (1539-1610), and lasted until the 18th century. The nanga (meaning "Southern painting")
or bunjinga ("literati") style or school ran from the 18th century until the death of Tomioka
Tessai (1837–1924) who was widely regarded as the last of the artists.

In Korea, the Dohwaseo or court academy was very important, and most major painters came
from it, although the emphasis of the academy was on realistic decorative works and official
portraits, so something of a break from this was required. However, the high official and painter
Gang Se-hwang and others championed amateur literati or seonbi painting in the Chinese
sensibility. Many painters made both Chinese-style landscapes and genre paintings of everyday

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life, and there was a tradition of more realistic landscapes of real locations, as well as mountains
as fantastical as any Chinese paintings, for which the Taebaek Mountains along the eastern side
of Korea offered plenty of inspiration.

PROCEDURE

Ink wash painting uses tonality and shading achieved by varying the ink density, both by
differential grinding of the ink stick in water and by varying the ink load and pressure within a
single brushstroke. Ink wash painting artists spend years practicing basic brush strokes to refine
their brush movement and ink flow. These skills are closely related to those needed for basic
writing in East Asian characters, and then for calligraphy, which essentially use the same ink and
brushes. In the hand of a master, a single stroke can produce astonishing variations in tonality,
from deep black to silvery gray. Thus, in its original context, shading means more than just dark-
light arrangement: It is the basis for the beautiful nuance in tonality found in East Asian ink wash
painting and brush-and-ink calligraphy

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COLOUR USED
Dye based fountain pen ink

Green
Green ink is a British journalistic term for the frothing of lunatics. This practice began around
1909, well before the association of green ink with cranks. The guardians of underage Roman
emperors used green ink to sign their charge's correspondence

Blue
Blue ink is generally made from indigo and the black one from charcoal (or what used to be the
trend at that time) with the former being a renewable resource and the latter being a non-
renewable.

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 FUSABLE INTERFACING / PAPER CANVAS

DEFINATION:
This interfacing is heat bonded to the fabric by pressing with a hot iron. This interfacing has
small dots of glue on one side of the fabric which is melted when heat is applied to the back and
the glue bonds the interfacing to the fabric.
Fusible interfacing is the extra layer that will give your finished garment shape and support in
detailed areas. It is necessary for putting the finishing touches on collars, cuffs, lapels and
necklines, pockets, waistbands and it will aid in keeping your garment crisp through repeated
washings and wearings. This light weight fusible interfacing has a resin coating on the back that
fuses to the fabric when steam, heat, and pressure are applied.

Fusible interfacing is by far the easiest to use, especially for beginners. It has an adhesive on one
side which bonds permanently with the fabric when applied with an iron, due to the combination
of heat and steam. Fusible interfacing is suitable for most uses, but avoid it for:

• very textured fabrics – the glue won’t bond well to the fabric
• napped fabrics (eg. velvet / fur) – the pressing needed to bond the adhesive will crush the
fabric
• fabrics that are very heat sensitive – eg. sequins, metallics, vinyl fabrics (the heat can
melt or distort the fabric)
• fabrics with a very loose or open weave eg. lace, mesh (the glue may seep through to the
right side of the fabric)

For these types of fabrics, sew-in interfacing is more suitable. Sew-in interfacing is sewn on to
the main fabric just like another normal layer of fabric, and is held in place by the stitches. Sew-
in interfacing can also result in a more natural shaping and drape as there is less “stiffness” to it.

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HISTORY
Pati Palmer developed the Perfect Fuse line by working directly with the manufacturer. In the
late 1960s, she used to work for the largest US interfacing company at a time when fusible types
for home sewing were just being invented.
Her job was to educate on how to apply it properly and answer questions such as "What is
Interfacing in Sewing?". The company continued to create all types of products through the
years until it found there were too many to keep track of, occasionally inconsistent quality in the
same product and too narrow widths for most fashion sewers needs. Many had no instructions for
use and stores had to carry dozens of products which for a small fabric sewing store is hard.

Types of Interfacing

• Woven fusible
• Knit
• Non-woven
• Weft

WOVEN FUSABLE
Woven Fuse is a mid-weight 100% woven cotton fusible interfacing similar to Pellon just
slightly heavier and is also ship no frills - Your interfacing will arrive without fancy wrapping,
tissue paper or ribbons or any packaging of any kind
Woven interfacing – your fabric should still look, feel and move like fabric, albeit a thicker
one. Typical woven interfacing may take your quilting-weight cotton up to more the feel of a
decor weight fabric. But it still feels like fabric.
Woven interfacing has a lengthwise and crosswise grain. In other words, match the grain of the
interfacing, with the grain of the piece of the garment to be interfaced. This will enable the two
layers of fabric work together with no distortion.

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KNIT
Even stretch garments have structure, and knit interfacing (which is mildly stretchy) will
reinforce areas that fabric might need help holding a shape (such as around a neckline). You can
also use woven interfacing to completely eliminate stretch, when necessary.
Made by knitting the fibres together, it has an amount of stretch in it. Use with jerseys and other
stretch fabrics as it will stretch with the garment. However, add a woven interfacing to a knit
fabric, and the fabric’s stretch properties are reduced. In conclusion, only use a stretch
interfacing on stretch fabric.
Knit interfacing is made by knitting the fibres together, and so it has an amount of stretch in it.
Knit interfacing is especially suitable for use with jerseys and other stretch fabrics as it will
stretch with the garment and not hinder it (if you apply woven interfacing to a knit fabric, you
reduce the fabric’s stretch properties as the interfacing layer is unable to stretch with the outer
fabric layer).

The decision as to whether to buy woven, non-woven or knit interfacing is usually dictated by
the pattern and/or type of fabric you are using. As a general rule, non-woven interfacing is
suitable for most tasks unless you are sewing with a jersey of stretch fabric in which case knit
interfacing is appropriate. You only really need to consider woven interfacing for particularly
fine fabrics such as sheers and silks, where a very natural shaping is essential to preserve the
qualities of the fabric.

NON-WOVEN
Non- woven interfacing: Non-woven interfacing is bonded and has a texture that looks like
paper. It does not have a grain and can be cut in any direction. ... Fusible interfacing:
This interfacing has glue on the back and can be pressed on with a steam iron which makes
the interfacing adhere to the fabric.
Non-woven interfacings are made from short fibers fused and mashed together in a bunch – kind
of like how pulp is made into paper
Woven interfacings are almost always non-fusible, which you attach by sewing them to your
fashion fabric within the seam allowance.
The non-woven kind consists of agglutinated and compressed fibers and one side (the rough one)
is primed with fusible glue.

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WEFT
Weft Fusable Interfacing. It is the inside of clothing that counts when body or stability is needed
in a garment. It is called fusible weft interfacing and it is used inside a garment's edges to make
them crisp.
Weft interfacing is essential to create details in garments. The perfect choice to add stability,
bulk, and body to collars, jacket bodies and cuffs
weft-insert has lengthwise stretch. You can use these interfacings on non-stretch woven fabrics;
they are a common, versatile choice. Lastly, choose the appropriate weight.
If you are using a knitted or stretchy jersy fabric, knit interfacing is the choice for you. It is
produced by knitting the fibres together, which allows you to maintain the stretchiness of your
garment. For example, if you were to use woven interfacing to a knit fabric, you would reduce
the fabric’s stretch properties, so you need to use knit interfacing if your pattern requires it.

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PILLOW COVER

DEFINATION
Pillow covers, or protectors, are used to protect pillows from dust mites and stains. They usually
have a zippered closure. Pillow cases, commonly part of your sheet set, are designed as a
functional and decorative covering. Shams are the decorative cover usually with trim or a flange.
Like sheets, a pillowcase provides a lighter layer for a heavier part of your bedding The
advantage to this lighter layer, which can be easily removed, is that it is easier to clean or
replace. This way you can clean the layer around your pillow that you touch without having to
wash the entire pillow (at least not as often). It also makes it easier to change the aesthetics of
your pillows -- the way they look and feel. In some situations, a pillowcase can provide
additional health benefits. For example, some pillowcases have a very tight weave to reduce the
number of dust mites, which are allergens for some people.

Pillow cases as well as mattress sheets are meant to protect your pillows and mattress from the
oils on your skin and hair. They last a whole lot longer because of this. Also, it's best to have
hypoallergenic sheets and to wash them often to lower the amount of dust mites on your bed.

Pillow covers extend the life of a pillow by protecting against wear and tear, but more
importantly, pillow protectors provide a healthier sleep environment by blocking fluids,
moisture, dust mites, bed bugs and stains from penetrating your pillow. Pillow protectors are
pillow covers or pillowcases with fabric technology that offers advanced features for your health
and comfort. Pillow covers are easy to remove and wash. Pillow case covers are available in
various sizes, fabrics, materials, colours and with varying protection benefits.

TYPES OF PILLOW COVER

• House Wife Pillow Case

• Allergen-Free Pillow
• Bed Bug-Proof Pillow
• Down & Feather-Proof Pillow Covers
• Bamboo Pillow Covers
• Cooling Pillow Covers
• Vinyl or Plastic Waterproof Pillow Covers

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House Wife Pillow Case
House wife pillow cases are found in almost every domestic home. They are standard case that
covers the entire pillow to avoid creasing, sagging and any escape attempts from the pillow
inside. Being the most popular and generic type of pillow case means that hose wife covers are
also a very cost-effective option.

Allergen-Free Pillow
Pillow covers constructed from special fabrics can offer protection against various types of
allergens. Allergen-free pillow protectors keep out dust mites, one of the most common
household allergens. A waterproof pillow cover can prevent the growth of mold or mildew,
common allergy triggers, inside the pillow. Additionally, pillow covers that are chemical and
pesticide free will reduce skin irritations for those who have sensitivities

Bed Bug-Proof Pillow

Bed bugs are tiny, little pests that can wreak havoc on one’s sleeping environment. Since bed
bugs feed off of human and animal blood, pillows and mattresses are desired locations for bed
bugs to live, and highly susceptible to infestations. Prevent bed bugs by using a pillow cover that
fully encompasses and seals the entire pillow,

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Down & Feather-Proof Pillow Covers
Down and feather-proof pillow covers are designed to prevent the loss of the pillow’s fill –
keeping your pillow intact and your bed clean from debris. Feathers can poke through and escape
standard pillow covers, which can make for an uncomfortable sleep surface. It’s also important
to note that using a feather pillow with a pillow cover that isn’t feather proof could harm the
pillow cover fabric (especially in the case of waterproof fabric).

Bamboo Pillow Covers

Bamboo pillows are popular due to the natural benefits of soothing, comforting bamboo fabric.
Much like Tencel, the fabric on bamboo pillows is moisture-wicking and inhibits the growth of
odor-causing bacteria. Bamboo pillows allow sensitive sleepers to rest soundly since bamboo is a
naturally hypoallergenic pillow cover.

Cooling Pillow Covers

Cooling pillow covers utilize specialty engineered fabrics that create an amplified cooling
sensation while you sleep, perfect for hot sleepers or those who prefer a crisp, cold sleep climate.
Turn any pillow into a cold surface pillow with a cooling pillow case or cooling pillow protector.
Cooling pillow covers typically work by dissipating heat faster than other fabrics, keeping the
pillow feeling cool all night for a comfortable night’s rest.

Vinyl or Plastic Waterproof Pillow Covers

Vinyl has excellent waterproof benefits that safeguard pillows from liquids, spills, and moisture.
Vinyl’s thickness provides an effective barrier against bed bugs and dust mites. However, vinyl
has several drawbacks. It retains heat, which makes for a warmer pillow throughout the night. It
is not a breathable material, trapping in moisture and sweat, contributing to a wet or sticky sleep
surface. Additionally, vinyl pillow covers can be noisy and crinkly when moving or adjusting the
pillow, though it is easy to clean, and very durable.

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METHODOLOGY

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 METHODOLOGY

AIM:
To study about Ink Painting and Application of it and Fusable Interfacing Pillow Cover.

OBJECTIVES:
To study the application of Ink Wash Painting
To design and develop the Ink Wash Painting on Pillow Cover on Fusable Interfacing/Paper
Canvas

MATERIALS USED
• Paper Canvas
• Ink
• Brush
• Water

PROCESS

1. Gather materials

In order to begin this process, you will need to gather some items.

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 • Paper Canvas
• Brush
• Water
• Ink

2. Prepare your pallet

Before you can jump into ink wash painting, you must spend some time experimenting with
colour gradation. You can begin by preparing a gradient palette. Use one of your brushes to
transfer a bit of ink into the first pocket of your palette.

3. Prepare canvas paper

In order to complete this gradation practice, you’ll need two strips of paper.

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 4. Play with bleeds.

you can play around with is to saturate an area of your paper with quite a bit of water. Then,
dip your brush in some India ink, and dab it onto the wet area of your paper. You will notice the
ink bleeding and moving around. Push the ink around with your brush.

5. Cut and stich the pillow cover

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 PRODUCT IMAGE

1. Product

2. Material Consumption

32cm

32cm

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 SUMMARY
AND
CONCLUSION

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 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Summary
Wash drawing, artwork in which a fine layer of colour—usually diluted ink, bistre, or
watercolour—is spread with a brush over a broad surface evenly enough so that no brush marks
are visible in the finished product. Usually the technique is used in conjunction with lines made
by a pen or Pencil that define and outline, while the wash provides colour, depth, and volume.
The free use of coats of wash first appeared in the works. this technique was so highly developed
that two-tone washes were used concurrently, one shading into the other.
Creating a Ink Painting using Paper Canvas to design a Pillow Cover to make pillow case. In
pillowcase, canvas, ink painting they have different types.

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Conclusion

As one of china’s ink painting art essence, with distinctive ethnic characteristics, through the
characteristics of the properties in the packaging and to form their own style.so the use of
Chinese ink art of packing design is more ethnic. And local characteristics, which are china’s
packaging design to the world, based on the worlds fundamental. To make pillow case in Fabric
is become more expensive instead of that use a Paper Fusable Canvas it consume less expensive
and in fusible canvas it gives unique style compare to fabric pillow case.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 BIBILOGRAPHY

• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ink_wash_painting
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ink_wash_painting
• https://www.palmerpletsch.com/interfacings-sewing/
• https://www.wikihow.com/Ink-Wash
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ink_wash_painting#History
• https://www.protectabed.com/learn/pillows/pillow-cover-buying-
guide/
• https://www.visionlinens.com/blog/pillowcase-types

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