What I Need To Know

Analogy is a powerful tool which challenges and encourages you to think critically. It is a strong
device used to show connections and comparisons between unlike things which highlight how they are
alike (Barbacena, 2010).
Oral language development lays the foundation for the skills in reading and writing. These
skills will be developed later as you progress through school. Solid foundation in oral language will
help you become a successful reader and strong communicator. It also boosts your confidence and
overall sense of well-being.
After working on this module, you will be able to supply appropriate terms to complete an
analogous series of words or expressions; specifically, you will be able to:

1. define analogy;
2. determine the relationship of a given set of words in analogy;
3. compare traits of characters in the story read using analogy; and
4. supply terms to complete analogous series of words based on sentence
form, analogous pair and figurative analogy.

What I Know
Before starting with this module, let us see what you already know about analogy.
Answer the questions below.

Directions: Read the statements carefully then write the letter of your choice before the number.

I.Analogy in sentence form: Choose the word that best completes each
analogy.
1. Bark is to Dog as Meow is to ________.
A. Bird B. Cat C. Pig
2. Banana is to Yellow as Makopa is to ______ .
A. Blue B. Orange C. Red
3. Ear is to Hear as Tongue is to ______.
A. Sight B. Smell C. Taste
4. Mango is a Fruit as Rose is a _______.
A. Flower B. Spicy C. Vegetable
5. School is to Students as Hospital is to _______.
A. Patients B. Priest C. Vendors

II. Analogous Pair: Choose the correct word to complete the idea.

6. hammer : nail :: comb : ______

A. feet B. hair C. hands
7. hot : oven :: cold : ______
A. karaoke B. refrigerator C. TV
8. scrub : wash :: sob : ______
A. cry B. sad C. tease
9. screen : ______ :: lens : camera
A. computer B. cord C. keyboard
10. ________: wrist :: belt : waist
A. arm B. bracelet C. hand

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III.Figurative Analogy: Identify the two things compared in the statement.

11. A good book is a friend.

A. good : book B. good : friend C. book : friend
12. Life is like a race.
A. life : race B. life : like C. like : race
13. She is as innocent as a baby.
A. she : innocent B. she : baby C. innocent : baby
14. Love is a game. There is a winner and a loser.
A. love : loser B. love : game C. love : winner
15. My children are my guiding stars.
A. children : guide B. children : guiding stars C. guide : stars

Lesson
Analogy to Show Relationship of Words
1

What’s In

Activity: Match Me!

Directions: Show relationship by matching column A with the picture in

column B. Write the letter that corresponds the best answer on the space provided.

A B
__1. Covid -19 A.

__2. farmer B.

__3. tree C.

__4. school D.

__5. plaza E.

__6.crowd F.

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 __7.summer G.

By now, you should have noticed that analogy is all about relationship of words or concepts and how
they connect to each other.

What’s New

Activity: Let’s Converse!

Directions: Read the short dialogue between a saleslady and a costumer.

Then, take note of the relationship of the following pairs of words
lifted from the dialogue.

Good morning. How may I help you?

Good morning. I’m looking for an

elegant dress for a party.

What color do you like?

I don’t know. What colors do you have?

We have variety of colors.

How about blue?
I think it matches your eyes and your brown hair!

Okay. Please hand me a medium size.

Sure, here it is.

Can I try it on?

Of course. The fitting room is there.

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Does it fit?

Well, it is smaller than my fit.

Do you have a bigger one?

Only in red.
Would you like to try it on?

Yes, thank you.

It fits perfectly.

Yes, and it suits you well.

How much is it?

It’s 500 pesos.

I will buy this.

Here’s the money.

Please proceed to counter 3 for your payment, Ma’am.

Thank you.

You’re welcome.
Thanks for shopping here.
Goodbye.

Thank you and goodbye.

Now, I have here some pairs of words lifted from the dialogue. Note the relationship of each
pair.

PAIR OF WORD RELATIONSHIP

eyes : face Part to Whole
she wanted to buy a dress : she went to the mall Cause and Effect
saleslady : mall Person to Situation
little : small Synonym
elegant : unattractive Antonym
shopping mall : city Geography
morning : evening Time

These pairs show the different types of relationship in analogy.

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 What is it
This is good to know . . .

Analogy is a pair of terms that has common relationship. In most cases, you will not only
determine the common relationship between each pair but you will also have to identify which
term makes up each pair. Usually, you are given two terms in the format A : B, which could be
read as A related to B (Barbacena, et. al., 2010).
Example:
(A) : (B)
kitchen : house - Kitchen and House are related since kitchen
is part of the house.
Writers use analogy to connect unfamiliar words or new ideas with common and familiar
objects. It functions as description or explanation of one thing by examining its similarities and
differences and forces the reader to understand the connection between them. Using this
technique, vocabulary skills as well as speed in reading comprehension are enhanced.

Types of Relationships in Analogy

There are seven common types of relationships in analogy.

1. Part to Whole
A relationship in analogy in which one term is part of the other term.
Example:
eyes : face (The eyes are part of the face.)
2. Cause and Effect
A relationship in analogy in which one term is the result of the other term.
Example:
she wanted to buy a dress : she went to the mall
(She wanted to buy a dress so she went to the mall.)
3. Person to Situation
A relationship in analogy in which one term is the work place of the other.
Example:
saleslady : mall (A saleslady works in a mall.)
4. Synonym
A relationship in analogy in which both terms have the same meaning.
Example:
little : small (Both terms mean the same.)
5. Antonym
A relationship in analogy in which the terms are opposite in meaning.
Example:
elegant : unattractive (The words have opposite meaning.)
6. Geography
A relationship in analogy in which one of the terms can be situated in the other.
Example:
shopping mall : city (Shopping mall is found in the city.)
7. Time
A relationship in analogy in which both terms speak of time element.
Example:
morning : evening (Both indicate time.)

Now that you know the types of relationships in analogy, try to answer these.

Activity: Connected To The Target !

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Directions:
I. Determine the type of relationship expressed in the pair of words given. Choose your answer
from the box. Then, write your answer on the blank provided.

Part to Whole Person to Situation Antonym

Synonym Geography Time Cause and Effect

1. Big : Small :: Full : Empty

Relationship: _________________
2. Leaves : Tree :: Sand : Sea
Relationship: _________________
3. Volcanic Eruption : Earthquake :: El Niño : Drought
Relationship: __________________
4. Luzon : Manila :: Mindanao : Davao
Relationship: __________________
5. Year : Month :: Week : Day
Relationship: __________________
6. Huge : Big :: Narrow : Slim
Relationship: __________________
7. Pilot : Airplane :: Priest : Church
Relationship: __________________
8. Page : Book :: Ink : Ballpen
Relationship: _________________
9. Tired : Sleep :: Hungry : Eat
Relationship: _________________
10. Teacher : School :: Doctor : Hospital

Relationship: __________________

II. Complete the pair based on the type of relationship given. Choose the letter that corresponds to the
best answer and write it on the space provided.

1. Part to Whole
branch : _____ (A. forest B. root C. tree )
2. Cause and Effect
Virus : ____ (A. Covid - 19 B. Diarrhea C. Typhoid Fever)
3. Person to Situation
Police : _____ (A. barracks B. gasoline station C. police station)
4. Time
New Year : ____ (A. February B. January C. March)
5. Synonym
smile : ____ (A. joyful B. sad C. worried )

6. Antonym
hardworking : ____ (A. active B. industrious C. lazy)
7. Geography
Durian : ____ (A. Baguio B. Cebu C. Davao)

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III. Complete the analogy by providing the correct pair of word from the
choices given. Write the answers before the number.

1. dark : night :: strong : ____

A. fragile B. powerful C. weak
2. sheet : pad :: petal : ____
A. flower B. shrub C. tree
3. coward : brave :: loud : ____
A. calm B. quiet C. sharp
4. happy : laugh :: sad: ____
A. cry B. glad C. weep
5. student : school :: painter : ____
A. art gallery B. auditorium C. gymnasium
6. dawn : morning : twilight : ____
A. dusk B. sunrise C. sunset
7. Philippines : Asia :: Italy : ____
A. America B. Australia C. Europe
8. plus : add :: minus : ____
A. divide B. multiply C. subtract

What’s More

Activity: Comic Strips

Directions: This comic strips is taken from the story of Creation (Panayan
Version.)

This act made Tungkung Langit very angry.

Sea breeze, I
Immediately, after his return from the trip, he called
command you to spy
his wife’s attention.
on my husband!

It is ungodly of you to act If you don’t like

like that! I am busy what I did, it is
imposing order over the better to part
confused world, I thought ways.
you trusted me!

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 Tungkung Langit deprived Alunsina’s
power and drove her away. After so many years, Tungkung
Langit realized that life is empty without
If that’s what you want I Forgive Me. You’re
Alunsina. not
Sometimes, he cried aloud. The
am willing to surrender worthy anymore to be
people of Panay believed that rain on Earth
everything I have as my goddess. I have to
are his tears. And when it thunders hard, the
you pleased. Goodbye. take all the powers you
have.old folks also assumed that it is his sobbing,
calling for his beloved Alunsina to come
back.

(English Learner’s Material, 2017)

When analogies are used in myths, legends and short stories to express comparison of two unlike
things but share common property, it is called Figurative Analogy. It comes in statement form.

Example:
The rain is Tungkung Langit’s tears to rain as he burst into tears because of his heavy heart, in the
same way when clouds are heavy, they fall as rain, while the loudness of his cry is compared to the intensity of
thunder.

Activity: Let’s Compare!

Directions: Complete the statements that follow and reveal the traits of the
characters from the comic strip read. Choose the answer in the
box after each statement. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.

___ 1.Alunsina is a jealous wife. She doesn’t have ___________________.

A. care B. hope C. trust

___ 2. Tungkung Langit is an erupting volcano when angry. He is___________.

A. irritable B. moody C. violent

___ 3. Tungkung Langit wants order and peace in his place. He is a___________
leader.
A. concerned B. kind C. wise

___ 4. The love of Tungkung Langit and Alunsina is weak. It is not ____________.
A. romantic B. strong C. sweet

___ 5. Both are impatient because ________________.

A. they are hot-tempered.

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 B. they easily give up their love.
C. they did not find ways to fix their problem.

Activity: You Can Do It !

Directions: Identify the things compared in the statement below.

1. Problems are just like spices in life.

A. spices and life B. problem and life C. problems and spices
2. He is as big as an elephant.
A. he and big B. he and elephant C. big and elephant
3. Her skin is like a snow.
A. her and skin B. her and snow C. skin and snow
4. The sun is a golden ball.

A. sun and ball B. golden and ball C. sun and golden ball
5. Her hair is as dark as the night.
A. hair and dark B. dark and night C. hair and night

What I Have Learned

Now, tell me what you have learned about analogies.

Activity: Let’s Sum Up!

Directions:
A. Check (√) the appropriate column that is true about analogy.
Statement Yes No
1. Analogy is a relationship of words or concepts
and how they connect to each other.
2. Analogies are used in stories to express
comparison of two unlike things that share
common property.
3. Analogy makes understanding the relationship
of words difficult.
4. Analogy improves my vocabulary, thus,
sharpens my reading and writing skills.
5. Analogy solely focuses on similarities of
words.

B. On the blanks provided, write 2 to 3 sentences summing up your learning.

I learned that analogy _________________________________.

____________________________________________.______________________________________
____________________________________________.

What I Can Do

Activity: Mirror! Mirror!

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Directions: Draw an object that you can compare yourself with. Using
figurative analogy, write a 5-sentence paragraph to explain the
comparison. Follow the model given. Use the space provided below.

Example:
I am as lovable as a flower because
_______________________________________.____________________________
___________________.________________________________________________
__________________._________________________________________________
_______.____________________________________________________________.

Assessment

You are almost there! Let us check what you have learned about this topic. Answer the questions
given below by writing the letter of your answer before the number.

I. Complete the analogy of the given pair of words.

1. Maria Christina Falls : Lanao del Norte :: _______ : Misamis Occidental

A. Mt. Hibok-Hibok B. Mt. Kanlaon C. Mt. Malindang D. Mt. Mayon
2. Road : ______ :: Net : Court
A. bar B. highway C. radar
3. Quick : slow :: youthful : _______
A. adult B. aged C. child
4. Chef : restaurant :: banker : _______
A. bakery B. bank C. mall
5. Shy : timid :: glossy : _______
A. rough B. sandy C. shiny
6. Second : minute :: _____ :: day
A. hour B. month C. week
7. Thirsty : drink :: _______ : eat

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 A. excited B. hungry C. sleepy

II. Look for the pair which expresses the same relationship as the given pair.
Choose your answer from the pairs given. Write your answer before the number.

8. big : huge :: ___ : ___

A. fat : slim B. pleasant : attractive C. tidy : dirty
9. nurse : hospital :: ____ :: ____
A. Cebu : Sinulog B.s farmer : plow C. judge : courtroom
10. day : night :: ____ : ____
A. kitchen : knife B. month : year C. thirsty : drink
11. collar : shirt :: ____ : ____
A. church : Holy Water B. quite : silent C. zipper : jeans

II. Read the short story and then complete the statements below. Choose
your answer from the words in the parenthesis.

Once upon a time in the Philippines, there was an old

woman with strange magical qualities. The local villagers had
noticed her house seemed brighter at night even though there was
no electricity. According to rumors some had even seen dwarfs
helping the mysterious and beautiful woman at night. No one ever
discovered the source of the mysterious night time glow.

She lived in the forest on the outskirts of a fishing

village and was famous for her beautiful flowers. The fishermen
would barter their treasured catch for her flowers.

A young couple came to visit the village. They were

haughty and were not from around there. A proud pair that hated anything they thought was ugly. They
would make fun of anything they thought was ugly.

They were out exploring the village one day and came upon the old woman in the forest.
Since they found her ugly, they mocked her. After making fun of her, the old woman asked them to
leave but they refused.

To punish them, she said “Since you only like beautiful things, I will turn you into the most
beautiful insect.” She tapped them with her cane and they became the first two butterflies.

Excerpt from English Learner’s Material,2017

12.The young couple mocked and made fun of the old woman. They are ______ (A. arrogant B.
boastful C. respectful). Because of this, they were turned into ______ (A. butterflies B.
dragonflies C. fireflies).

13.The story teaches us to be kind as the _____ (A. old woman B. dwarf C. fishermen) and to hate
_____ ( A. cruelty B. humility C. modesty) as shown by the couple.

14. The old woman’s house is surrounded with beautiful flowers so anyone who comes would be
_____ (A. happy B. surprised C. delighted).

15.Good work is always rewarded as ___(A. evil doing B. favorable deed C. profitable work) is
punished.

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 Additional Activities
Activity: Cut and Paste!

Instructions: Cut or draw pictures found at home or in your community.

Then, use them to form pairs to show the relationships of
analogy. Use the space provided below.

1. Part to whole

::

2. Cause and Effect

::

3. Person to Situation

::

4. Synonym

::

::

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 5. Antonym

::

6. Geography

::

7. Time

::

References

Barbacena, Gabuyo, Gonzales, Mayor, Padua, Quinto and Tipan. LET Reviewer: Perceiving
Verbal Relationship. Manila: MET Review Center, 2010.

English 7: Learner’s Material. Pasig City: FEP Printing Corp, 2017.

English 7: Teacher’s Guides. Pasig City: FEP Printing Corp, 2017.

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 Salamida, Anabelle. English 7 Learning Plan. Manila: Reevee Book Supply, 2015.

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