6

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 2
Precautionary Measures Before,
During, and After an Earthquake
and Volcanic Eruptions
Science – Grade 6
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 2: Precautionary Measures Before, During, and After an
Earthquake and Volcanic Eruptions
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Delvie S. Madrid

Editors: Gypsy B. Corpuz, Cecille J. Miguel,PhD, Ann Fhel F. Gutierrez,

Merilyn B. Sanchez, Jenet A. Novilla, Jomarick DL. Mapindan,
Lourdes I. Esteron, Mark Clester A. Rufino

Reviewers: SDO Cabanatuan City

Illustrator: Kezha S. Bolisay

Layout Artist: Delvie S. Madrid

Management Team: May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III – Regional Director

Librada M. Rubio, PhD - CLMD Chief
Ma. Editha R. Caparas, PhD – Reg’l EPS in LRMS
Nestor P. Nuesca, PhD – Reg’l ADM Coordinator
Priscilla D. Sanchez, PhD – CID Chief
Romeo R. Hipolito – EPSvr in Science
Ever M. Samson, PhD – EPSvr in LRMS
Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education- Region III-
Schools Division of Cabanatuan City

Office Address: Maharlika Highway, Bantug Bulalo, Cabanatuan City,

Philippines, 3100
Telefax: (044-463-7334)
E-mail Address: www.cabanatuan.city@deped.gov.ph
 6

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 2
Precautionary Measures Before,
During, and After an Earthquake
and Volcanic Eruptions
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 6 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Precautionary Measures Before, During, and After an Earthquake and Volcanic
Eruptions!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Science 6 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Precautionary Measures Before, During, and After an Earthquake and Volcanic
Eruptions!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an

What I Need to Know
idea of the skills or
competencies you are
expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an

activity that aims to
check what you already
know about the lesson
to take. If you get all
the answers correct
(100%), you may decide
to skip this module.

This is a brief drill or

What’s In
review to help you link
the current lesson with
the previous one.

In this portion, the new

What’s New
lesson will be
introduced to you in
various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

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 This section provides a
What is It
brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to
help you discover and
understand new
concepts and skills.
This comprises
What’s More activities for
independent practice to
solidify your
understanding and
skills of the topic. You
may check the answers
to the exercises using
the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions
What I Have Learned or blank
sentence/paragraph to
be filled in to process
what you learned from
the lesson.
This section provides
What I Can Do
an activity which will
help you transfer your
new knowledge or
skill into real life
situations or
concerns.
This is a task which
Assessment
aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in
achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another
Additional Activities activity will be given to
you to enrich your
knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned.
This contains
Answer Key answers to all
activities in the
module.

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. The scope of
this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using. In this module, you will be able to enumerate
what to do before, during, and after an earthquake and volcanic eruptions
(S6ES-IVb-2).

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. enumerate what to do before, during, and after an earthquake and
volcanic eruptions;
2. practice precautionary measures before, during, and after an
earthquake and volcanic eruptions; and
3. prepare an emergency action plan of your house with your family
members.

What I Know

Write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if it is not. Write your

answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Prepare first aid kit and emergency kit before an earthquake or volcanic
eruptions.
2. Know the routes of your house and familiarize yourself for your easy exit
before an earthquake or volcanic eruptions will happen.
3. When a smoke comes out of the crater of a volcano or animals acting
strangely these may indicate that volcanic eruptions may happen.
4. Conduct an earthquake drill with your family members inside or outside
your house but remember to follow COVID 19 protocols.
5. Stay alert and calm when disaster comes like earthquake or volcanic
eruptions.

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 6. It is not advisable to wear facemask for nose and mouth during volcanic
eruptions because volcanic gases and fumes will not cause irritation.
7. As soon as the ashfall diminishes due to volcanic eruptions, scrape off the
ash that has accumulated on the rooftops to prevent collapse.
8. When an earthquake happens go under the desk or sturdy table.
Do the Drop, Cover, and Hold position.
9. Check the safety of your family members if someone is missing or in trouble
seek aid to find them.
10. Once the shaking stops, use an elevator to take the fastest and safest way
out of the building.

Lesson Precautionary Measures

Before, During, and After an
1 Earthquake and Volcanic
Eruptions

An earthquake is a weak to violent shaking of the ground produced by the

sudden movement of rock materials below the earth’s surface.
Earthquake often strikes without warning. Reducing hazards and knowing
what to do can make a big difference on how an earthquake affects your household.
Being prepared can reduce fear, anxiety, and losses that accompany disasters.
Communities, families, and individuals should know what to do in the event of an
earthquake (Padpad, 2017).

Volcano is a vent, hill or mountain from which molten or hot rocks with
gaseous material have been ejected. Also craters, depressions, hills or mountains
formed by removal of pre-existing material or by accumulation of ejected materials.

Volcanic ash are very fine particles of rocks erupted explosively into the air
by a volcano. Because of its fine size, abrasive and corrosive nature, ash can
threaten the health of people and livestock, pose hazard to flying airplane, damage
electronics and machinery, interrupt services and utilities such as power, water
supply and communication.
Volcanic eruptions happen when the high temperature and pressure result
in melting of rocks that produces magma. These can cause damage to plants,
animals, people, and properties (Sarte, 2016).

Preparedness for calamities such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

include knowing what to do before, during, and after.

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 What’s In

Choose the word or group of words in the box that corresponds to the
definition provided in each item below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

convergent plate boundaries intensity seismograph

divergent plate boundaries landslide tsunami

earthquake magma volcano

epicenter magnitude

1. It is a sudden movement or vibration of the crust caused when rock masses

suddenly shift in position.
2. It is the point where an earthquake originates.
3. It is an effect of earthquake that loosens rocks and soil in mountainous areas.
4. It is an instrument that measures the magnitude and intensity of an earthquake.
5. It is an opening at Earth’s crust.
6. It occurs when tectonic plates collide.
7. It is the measure of how much damage earthquakes cause on the surface.
8. It happens when two plates move apart from each other.
9. It is a huge underwater wave produced when an earthquake occurs under the
sea.
10. It is an energy released by an earthquake.

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 What’s New

Read the story below.

Shake, Shake, and Celebrate!

by Delvie S. Madrid

One summer day, Berto and his family decided to have a picnic in a park to
celebrate his grandfather’s birthday. That night, he was very happy and excited. He
helped his mother in preparing everything for the picnic. He even made a birthday
card for his grandfather.

Early morning in the park, the family and some relatives were singing
happily and enjoying being together while celebrating grandfather’s birthday. In
just a moment they felt that the ground was shaking, and things were moving and
trembling. People in the park were panicking. Some were running, looking for
somewhere to hide. Children were crying and everyone was afraid. An earthquake
was happening!

Since Berto’s mother knew what to do, they went to an open space without
something to fall like post, electrical wires, or trees. He remembered the drop,

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cover, and hold position from the school earthquake drill. While the ground was
shaking, Berto’s family kept on praying for their safety.

Meanwhile, people in the park followed the family in an open space with the
drop, cover, and hold position. Earthquake lasted for 30 seconds. Everyone silently
walked and packed their things to go home. Even though scared, Berto embraced
his grandfather with tears saying, “Happy Birthday, grandpa!” His grandfather
smiled and told him “Thank you, grandson. Do not be scared. It’s over!”

Answer the given questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you need to do in case of disasters like earthquakes or volcanic

eruptions?
2. How can you protect yourself from danger caused by earthquakes or
volcanic eruptions?

What is It

Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions are both dangerous. It is hard to tell

when they are going to happen. The destruction caused by an earthquake depends
on its magnitude and extent of shaking. High magnitude and long ground shaking
during earthquake can damage buildings and bridges (Padpad, 2017).

Remember the following Preparedness Guide in what to do Before, During,

and After an Earthquake.

Before an Earthquake

➢ Know the earthquake hazards in your area.

➢ Follow structural design and engineering practices when constructing a
house or building.
➢ Evaluate the structural soundness of the building and houses, strengthen
if necessary.
➢ Strap or bolt heavy furniture/cabinets to the walls.
➢ Check the stability of hanging objects like ceiling fans and chandeliers.
➢ Breakable items, harmful chemicals and flammable materials should be
stored properly in the lowermost secured shelves.
➢ Familiarize yourself with the exit routes.
➢ Know where fire extinguishers, first aid kits, alarms, and communication
facilities are located. Learn how to use them beforehand.
➢ Conduct and participate in regular earthquake drills.

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During an Earthquake

➢ Stay calm when you are inside a structurally sound building stay there.
➢ Duct under a sturdy desk or table and hold on to it or protect your head
with your arms.
➢ If possible, quickly open the door for exit.
➢ Stay away from glass windows, shelves, cabinets, and other heavy objects.
➢ Beware of falling objects, be alert and keep your eyes open.
➢ If you are outside, move to an open area.
➢ Stay away from trees, powerlines, posts, and concrete structures.
➢ Move away from steep slopes which may be affected by landslides.
➢ If you are near the shore and feel an earthquake, especially if it is too strong,
move quickly to higher grounds-Tsunamis might follow.
➢ If you are in a moving vehicle, stop and get out. Do not attempt to cross
bridges, overpasses, or flyovers which may have damaged.
After an Earthquake

➢ Be prepared for aftershocks. Once the shaking stops, take the fastest and
safest way out of the building.
➢ Do not use elevators.
➢ Do not enter in damaged buildings.
➢ Do not use telephones unless necessary.
➢ Check yourself and the others for injuries.
➢ Check water and electrical lines for damages.
➢ Check for spills of chemicals, toxic and flammable materials.
➢ Check and control fires which may spread.
➢ Keep updated on disaster prevention instructions from battery-operated
radios.

Volcanic eruptions can obviously affect living things, the economy, and the
government (Sarte, 2016).

Remember the following Preparedness Guide in what to do Before, During,

and After Volcanic Eruptions.

Before Volcanic Eruptions

➢ Listen to the radio for updates from authority when there is an impending
eruption that may cause ashfall.
➢ Prepare emergency supply kit (medicines, alcohol, flashlight, batteries,
whistle, foods, bottled water, clothes, cash) and place in an accessible area.
➢ Prepare dust masks/face masks, or clean cloth for covering the nose and
goggles for eye protection.
➢ Prepare cleaning supplies such as broom, vacuum cleaner with spare bags
and filters, and a shovel.
➢ Consider that you and your family could be stuck in your vehicle, store
emergency supplies in your vehicle.
➢ Have food and water provision for pets, poultry, and livestock.
➢ Know the location of evacuation area.

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During Volcanic Eruptions

➢ Stay calm and stay indoors.

➢ Cover our nose and mouth with damp, clean cloths, or face mask.
➢ Close all windows and doors of your house and your car.
➢ Place damp towels or cloth at door opening and other open sources.
➢ Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating.
➢ Cover water containers and food to avoid contamination from air.
After Volcanic Eruptions

➢ Boil water before drinking.

➢ Wash grass before feeding the animals or livestock.
➢ As soon as the ashfall diminishes, scrape off the ash that has accumulated
on the rooftops to prevent collapse.
➢ After removing the ash, clean the roof and gutter with water to prevent
corrosion.
➢ Use powder detergent in clothes covered with ash.
➢ Use a vacuum cleaner or shake the furniture to loosen and clean the ash.
Cover your nose and mouth while cleaning.
➢ Remove ash from windows and doors of the house and the car.
Use water before washing them with soap and lukewarm water.
➢ Collect the ashes and put them in an area from water drainage to avoid
clogging.

What’s More
Activity 1
Copy the table below to enumerate the precautionary measures that you
have remembered before, during, and after an earthquake. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
Before During After

Activity 2
Match the pictures to the words or group of words given inside the cloud.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

check electrical supply prepare emergency kit

check water supply volcanic eruptions

drop, cover, and hold position wear face mask

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 1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

Activity 3

Analyze the following Preparedness Guide in what to do Before, During, and

After Volcanic Eruptions. Draw a heart shape if it means before, triangle if it
means during, and square if it means after. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Stay calm and stay indoors.

2. Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating.
3. Prepare emergency supply kit and place in an accessible area.
4. Place damp towels or cloth at door opening and other open sources.
5. Collect the ashes and put them in an area from water drainage to avoid clogging.

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the correct word to complete each sentence. Choose
your answer from the box. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

calm erupts stops

during drills survival

1. Knowing what to do before, ___________, and after earthquake and volcanic

eruption can protect yourself against their harmful effects.
2. Stay as ___________ as possible if you feel an earthquake.
3. Conduct and participate in regular earthquake ___________.
4. Be ready before a volcano ___________.
5. Prepare an emergency or a ___________ kit.

What I Can Do
Prepare your own emergency kit at home and list down the things inside
your kit. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

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 Assessment
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. Considering that you and your family could be stuck in your vehicle because
of an earthquake, what is the best thing to do to prepare for this situation?
A. have duplicate keys
B. check your vehicle from time to time
C. store emergency supplies in your vehicle
D. always place your vehicle in an open area
2. Why is it important to conduct an earthquake drill at home?
A. to develop discipline
B. to teach and train the family members not to become a burden
C. to exercise the family members to become physically fit and healthy
D. to orient the family members on how to be prepared during disasters
3. What is the best thing to do during volcanic eruptions?
A. stay calm and stay indoors
B. do not panic and stay outdoors
C. stay calm and remember the exits
D. practice some precautionary measures
4. Mang Pedro is a carpenter. One afternoon, while at work, an earthquake
happened. He was buried underneath a pile of woods. What should he do?
A. use his whistle for anyone to hear him
B. have a rest while waiting for any rescue
C. seek help by using his hammer to create a sound
D. cry out loud so that everyone near the place will come for him
5. What do building officials need to check during inspections for earthquake
preparedness?
A. the structural design
B. the size of the building
C. the place or area where it was built
D. the structural soundness of the buildings
6. The following are examples of emergency supply kit EXCEPT ___________ .
A. first aid kit C. medicines
B. food and water D. rice cooker
7. Mrs. Reyes has a seven-year-old son who has an ashtma. There is an ashfall
continuously pouring on their area because of volcanic eruptions. What
necessary precaution should be done?
A. give him medicines
B. let him inhale fresh air outside the window
C. do not let him play near the windows and doors
D. cover the nose and mouth with damp, clean cloth or face mask

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 8. Your grandmother harvested some vegetables in your backyard after a day of
volcanic eruptions. What is the best thing to do before cooking the
vegetables?
A. wash the vegetables thoroughly
B. boil the vegetables for 15 minutes
C. place the vegetables in the refrigerator
D. remove the outer part or the skin of the vegetables
9. Long ground shaking during an earthquake can damage buildings. People
are advised not to enter ____________ buildings.
A. bare C. undecorated
B. damaged D. unfurnished
10. Earthquake often strikes without warning. The following should be
considered before an earthquake EXCEPT ______________ .
A. know earthquake safety tips
B. follow precautionary measures
C. stop going to the concrete buildings and malls
D. be aware of the preparation and readiness guidelines before, during,
and after an earthquake

Additional Activities
Performance Task
Ask your parents to help you make an emergency action plan of your house
about the easy exits before disasters will happen like earthquake or volcanic
eruptions. Write your output on a separate sheet of paper.

Rubric for Emergency Action Plan

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Emergency The emergency The emergency The emergency The emergency
action plan action plan action plan action plan action plan
exit design design is design has exits design has only design has no
specific and but no clear one exit route. clear exit
clear with primary and route.
primary and secondary exit
secondary exit routes.
routes.
Markings You have You have You have You have
created created created created
markings that markings using markings in markings using
which the
are easy to arrows. lines and not
arrows are not
understand clearly directed directed to the
with color to the exit exit routes.
coded arrows. routes.

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What I know What's In What’s More
1. TRUE 1. earthquake Activity 1:
2. TRUE 2. epicenter
3. landslide Before- Conduct and
3. TRUE
4. seismograph participate in regular
4. TRUE
5. volcano earthquake drills
5. TRUE
6. convergent plate During- If you are outside,
6. FALSE
boundaries move to an open area
7. TRUE
7. intensity After- Do not enter in
8. TRUE
8. divergent plate damaged buildings.
9. TRUE
10. FALSE boundaries
9. tsunami Activity 2:
10. magnitude
1. prepare emergency kit
2. drop, cover, and hold
What is It position.
3.wear face mask
Follow the precautionary 4.volcanic eruption
measures before, during, 5. check electrical supply
after an earthquake or
volcanic eruptions Activity 3:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What I Have Learned What I Can Do Assessment
1. during Answers may vary 1. C
2. calm 2. D
3. drills 3. A
4. erupts 4. A
5. survival 5. D
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. B
10. C
Additional Activity
Answers may vary
Based on the rubric
Answer Key
References

Alumaga, Marie Jesica M, Thelma, Padua, Alicia, Joaquin, Crescencia, Rabago, Lilia. 2016, Science
and You 6: Vidal Group, Inc. pages 240-241-245-246

Padpad,Evelyn, Apolinario, Nenita, Santos, Gil Nonato, 2017, The New Science Links 6, Rex Book
Store pages 400-401,409-410

Sarte, Evelyn, Garcia, Ednaliza, Lopez, Eliza, Dela Cruz, Mary Jean and Arradaza, Harold. 2016.
Science Beyond Borders 6. Quezon City. Vibal Group, Inc. pages 190-194

https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake-preparedness (2016)

https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcano-preparedness (2015)

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Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

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Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph