STUDENT’S NAME: SECTION:

Teacher’s Gmail Address: TEACHER:

Jesteban.trinitascollege@gmail.com T. Jherald Esteban

SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

MEL ● Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view PPT11/12-Ia-
1.1
COMPETENCIES
● .Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective
on life PPT11/12-Ib-1.3
● Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic
perspective PPT11/12-Ic-1.4
DELIVERY SYNCHRONOUS: QUARTER : FIRST
MODE:
ASYNCHRONOUS: WEEK: 1-2
OVERVIEW:
OBJECTIVES: ● Discuss philosophy and its importance as a discipline and a means of
understanding life
● Identify the three levels of inquiry

MATERIALS: Philosophy Books ,

Website Links,
Self Learning Kit Q-1 Wk#1-2
PowerPoint
Activity Sheets

Topic: DOING PHILOSOPHY

1 | SELF LEARNING KIT_ INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

 Philosophy comes from two Greek words: philos (love) and sophia (wisdom) which were used by
ancient Greeks to refer to “love of wisdom” and soon applied it to the study or discipline that
uses human reason to investigate the ultimate, causes, reasons, and principles which govern all
things Philosophers are people who engage in philosophy

Knowledge
- is about facts and ideas that we acquire through study research , investigation, observation or
experience
Wisdom
- is the ability to discern and judge which aspects of that knowledge are true, right, lasting, and
applicable to your life.

• Material Object of Philosophy: “philosophy studies all things”; thus all aspects of reality can be the
object of a philosophical study

• Formal Object of Philosophy: “through their ultimate causes”; seeking the deepest explanations
regarding the existence and nature of beings.

• Natural Scope of Philosophy: “acquired through the use of reason; seeking the ultimate
explanations that can be arrived at by applying reasoning to facts supplied by experience.

Branches of Philosophy

• Epistemology – studies the nature of knowledge and the rationality of belief; the means
of production of knowledge
• Metaphysics – studies and asks questions about the essence and existence of a being
• Logic – concerned with “reasoning” or truth
• Ethics – concerns the matter of “value/morality”
• Aesthetics – explores the nature and appreciation of art, beauty and taste

Nature of Philosophy
• Human being possesses a keen desire to know, and that leads him to seek the causes of events or
happenings
• His search for knowledge is induced by theoretical considerations, as well as practical reasons
• He needs to find the answers to many questions about things existing around him

Three levels of inquiries.

1. Common Sense - a basic ability to perceive, understand ,and judge things that are shared
by (common to) nearly all people without need for debate.

2. Scientific- Based on or characterized by the methods and principles of science.

3. Philosophical - relating or devoted to the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality
2 | SELF LEARNING KIT_ INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
 and existence
.

Philosophers:

Pythagoras
● a mathematician and scientist, credited with formulating the Pythagorean Theorem
● established a community of learners devoted to the study of religion and philosophy Heraclitus
● proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan which he called logos
change is permanent aspect of the human condition; “No man never steps in the same river
twice.”

Democritus
● study the causes of natural phenomena
● was among the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms
Diogenes of Sinope
● a known advocate of living a simple and virtuous life
● one should not only talk of virtue but should show it in words and actions
● his emphasis on austerity and simplicity often went to the extreme and was said to have lived
like a beggar

Epicurus
● philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness
● his views gave rise to Epicureanism – a school of philosophy which believes that wisdom and
simple living will result in a life free of fear and pain

Socrates
● considered the foremost philosopher of ancient times
● he did not claim to be “wise” and merely considered himself a “midwife” that helped inquiring
minds achieve wisdom
● believed that philosophy could enable a man to live a life of virtue.
● formulated the Socratic Method – a means of examining a topic by devising a series of
questions that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge

Plato
● a student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s teachings and incorporated some of his
own ideas
● his teachings and writings were considered the foundation of Western philosophy
● dialectic – a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive
at new knowledge
● founded the Academy – an institution of higher learning which was the first of its kind in the
Western World

3 | SELF LEARNING KIT_ INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

Aristotle

● he attended the academy and prominent student of Plato

● all ideas and views are based on perception and our reality is based on what we can sense
and perceive
● studied logic that led to the formulation of a formal process of analyzing reasoning which gave
rise to deductive reasoning – the process of which specific statements are analyzed to reach a
conclusion or generalization

Practical Uses of Philosophy in Our Lives:

1. Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and interpretation of concepts,

definitions, arguments, and problems.

2. Philosophy also improves problem-solving and decision making.

3. A philosopher is a good communicator who can clearly and adequately present his or her ideas.

4. Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing that refers to a person’s ability to apply
knowledge to daily life particularly in making sound choices and judgment.

Holistic Thinking
⮚ refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in system
⮚ often described as looking at the “big picture” when describing and analyzing a situation or
problem
⮚ requires an individual to have an open mind-set and an ability to get the general
sense/impression

Partial Thinking
⮚ focuses on specific aspects of a situation
⮚ important component of analytical thinking, as an individual focuses on certain areas or aspects
of a problem in order to understand it
⮚ though partial thinking is useful, philosophy utilizes holistic thinking in making sense of problems
and issues

REFERENCES:

Intro. To the Philosophy of a Human Person slide 115-136

4 | SELF LEARNING KIT_ INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
 Pambungad sa Pilosopiya, pages 60-65
Dy, Manuel Jr.
"Philosophy of Man", "The Philosophical Enterprise" by JohnKavanaugh, S. J.
Internet (YouTube, PPT, Links)

INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

Name: _______________________________________ Score: ____________________

Grade/ Strand: _____________________________ Teacher: ______________________

ACTIVITY I:

I : Compare and Contrast:

PHILOSOPHY

As a Concept As a Process

5 | SELF LEARNING KIT_ INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

Name: _______________________________________ Score: ____________________

Grade/ Strand: _____________________________ Teacher: _____________________

ACTIVITY 2 : Explain how you understand the following quotations:

1.”He who has a WHY to live for can bear almost any HOW” – Friedrich Nitzsche

6 | SELF LEARNING KIT_ INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

2. “Those who do not move do not notice his chains”- Rosa Luxemburg

3. “The unexamined life is not worth living” - Socrates

INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

Name: _______________________________________ Score: ____________________

Grade/ Strand: _____________________________ Teacher: _______________________

ACTIVITY 3:

Complete the table below.

ACTIONS WHAT MUST BE DONE BEFORE THE
ACTIONS
1. Going out of town with friends

2. Deciding what course to take in college

7 | SELF LEARNING KIT_ INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

 3. Joining a club in school

4. Watching movies that are not allowed to

your age

5. Posting your opinion or feelings in the

social media

8 | SELF LEARNING KIT_ INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON