Factors in Environmental Management

Public Policy, Ethics and

Pollution

Objectives
• To define and give examples of pollution
• To Identify the factors involved in solving
environmental problems
• Understand ethical environmental issues
• To identify local environmental laws and
global agreements

Factors Considered in the Solution of an

Environmental Problem

Pollution Factor
Pollution is defined as any change in the
properties of the environment that lowers
a previously beneficial use

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 Factors in Environmental Management

Environmental Pollution- Change in the properties

of the environment that lowers a previously
beneficial use

Env’t Use Property Change Effect

Water Drinking Physical: Intro. of Black color,
Colorless WW from unfit for
textile firm drinking

Air Respiration Chemical: Intro. of CO At varying

21%O2 & from motor conc’n
79& N2 vehicles can be fatal

In the 1950s, Hooker Chemicals

dumped an enormous quantity of
In the 1890s, William T. Love began digging a hazardous waste (estimated at
canal near Niagara Falls, New York. 352 million pounds)

Chemicals dumped into Love Canal began to leach

through the soil and leak into people's basements,
contaminate underground pipes, and pollute the Superfund Act: $20M to residents &
air. $130M to USEPA for Cleanup (1983)

Factors Considered in the Solution of an

Environmental Problem

Pollution Factor
 Type of Pollutant/ Effect
 Pollution Prevention (PP) or
Pollution Control Necessary
 Environment where the pollutant is
discharged
 Presence of other sources discharging into
the same environment
 Future use of the environment

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 Factors in Environmental Management

Factors Considered in the Solution of an

Environmental Problem

Resources Depletion Factor
 Deforestation: mangroves/lumber
 Overgrazing/overharvesting
Desertification
coral reefs destruction
 Species Extinction/Loss of biodiversity
 Fossil Fuels Exploitation

Factors Considered in the Solution of an

Environmental Problem

Public Policy factor
 Social Concern
Sucat-Araneta Transmission Line
Affect health though not proven
Affect distribution of electricity in south
 Ethical Concerns
 General attitude of residents toward
industry in their locality
 Personal discipline

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 Factors in Environmental Management

AGENT ORANGE
and Vietnam War

Northern Spotted Owl vs

lumberjacks, who won? HazWaste Dumping in
3rd World Countries
Oregon, USA

The "Noah Question"

• How many species can we
or should we save?
• How much are we willing
to invest to protect slimy,
smelly, crawly things?
• Would you favour
preserving disease
organisms and parasites or
should we use our limited
resources to protect only
beautiful, interesting or
seemingly useful
organisms?

Factors Considered in the Solution of an

Environmental Problem

Government Policy factor
 Local Laws and Regulations
 International agreements
 Environmental projects
 Environmental Education
 Incentives/Disincentives

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 Factors in Environmental Management

Government Policy factor

Local Laws and Regulations
• PD 984 - Pollution Control Law
“Pollution Control Decree of 1976”
• covers the important legislations for
the protection, management, and
pollution control of air, water, and
land environment including the
management and discharge
regulations for solid wastes and
hazardous wastes and substances
• Created the NPCC and gave it police
powers

Government Policy factor

Local Laws and Regulations
PD 1181: Philippine Environmental Policy-
declares that it is a continuing policy of the state :

To create, develop, maintain and improve conditions
under which man and nature can thrive in productive
and enjoyable harmony with each other

To fulfill the social, economic and other requirements
of present and future generations of Filipinos

To ensure the attainment of an environmental quality
that is conducive to a life of dignity and well being

Government Policy factor

Local Laws and Regulations
Executive Order 192 (1987) -
Reorganizaton of Dept of Envt as DENR

Section 13: Created the Forest Management Bureau

Section 14: Created the Land Management Bureau

Section 15: Created the Mines and Geo-Sciences
Bureau

Section 16: Created the Environmental Management
Bureau

Section 17: Created the Ecosystem Research and
Development Bureau

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 Factors in Environmental Management

Government Policy factor

Local Laws and Regulations

Republic Act 7586 in 1992. The most important
legislation on biodiversity also known as the
NIPAS Law which provides for the establishment
and management of the National Integrated
Protected Areas System.

PD 274 : Beautification, restoration and gainful
utilization of the Pasig River

PD1219 - Prohibition on the exploitation and
utilization and conservation of coral resources

Government Policy Factor

• Executive Order 192, the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) adopt
and promulgate the following:
– DENR Administrative Order 34 (DAO 34), series of
1990, is known as the “Revised Water Usage and
Classification/Water Quality Criteria”.
– DENR Administrative Order 35 (DAO 35), series of
1990, is known as the “Revised Effluent Regulations of
1990”. DAO 35 adopts and promulgates the rules and
regulations for all industrial and municipal wastewater
effluents.
– DENR Administrative Order 26 (DAO 26), series of
1992, is known as the “Appointment and Designation of
Pollution Control Officers (PCOs)”.

Government Policy Factor

– Presidential Decree 813 (PD813) and Executive
Order 927 authorizes the Laguna Lake Development
Authority (LLDA) to implement the Environmental
User Fee System (EUFs) and applies the “Polluters
Pay Principle”
– Republic Act 6969 otherwise known as “The Toxic
Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes
Control Act”. The act regulate, restrict or prohibit the
importation, manufacture, processing, sale,
distribution, use and disposal of chemical substances
and mixtures that present risk and/or injury to health
or the environment;

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 Factors in Environmental Management

Government Policy Factor

– Republic Act 9003 otherwise known as the “Ecological
Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”. An act providing
for an ecological solid waste management program.
– Republic Act 8749 otherwise known as the “Philippine
Clean Air Act of 1999,” which provides for a
comprehensive air pollution quality.
– RA 9275 - Clean Water Act (CWA) of 2004. an act
providing for a comprehensive water quality management
and for other purposes.
– Presidential Decree 1586 (P.D. 1586), issued in 1978,
established a primer on “The Philippine Environmental
Impact Statement” or the EIS System under DENR
Administrative Order No. 96-37. DAO 96-37 covers the
revised set of the implementing rules and regulations for
the EIS system.

Government Policy factor

Environmental Projects

Philippine Task Force on Solid Waste

Management

Pasig River Rehabilitation Project (PRRP)

Air Pollution Index (API)

The Industrial Environmental Management
Project (IEMP) – (waste exchange)

Government Policy factor

International Agreements:

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary
Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal

International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution of the Sea by Oil

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer

Earth Summit (1992) - UNCED

United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity

London Treaty on the Banning of Nuclear tests

Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by
Dumping waste

Kyoto Protocol: United Nations Framework on
Climate Change