Module 1 Part 1

PD 1096 (The law was created on 1972)

 National Building Code of the Philippines (@2004 submitted, @2005 implemented and DPWH)
 Revising RA 6541 “An Act to Ordain and Institute a National Building of the Philippines”

Presidential Decrees were an innovation made by President Ferdinand E. Marcos with the proclamation
of Martial Law. They served to arrogate unto the Chief Executive the lawmaking powers of Congress.
Only President Marcos issued Presidential Corazon C. Aquino recognized the validity of existing
Presidential Decrees unless otherwise repealed.

Section 301. Building Permits

 No person, firm or corporation, including any agency instrumentality of the government shall
erect, construct, alter, repair, move, convert, or demolish any building or fencing or structure or
the cause the same to be done without first obtaining a building permit therefore from the
Building Official assigned in the place where the subject building is located or the building work
is to be done.

Section 401. Types of Construction

Type I

 Shall be a wood construction (typically in rural areas or villages)

 The Structural elements may be any of the materials permitted by this Code.

Type II

 Shall be of wood construction with protective fire-resistant materials and one-hour fire resistive
throughout
 Wood planks is treated already and where Type II has chemical composition. Nowadays wood
materials are seldom of used because of high price range
 While in concrete there is certain thickness allowable where we will define how many hours
resistance is concrete has

Type III

 Shall be of masonry and wood construction (typical houses)

Type IV

 Shall be of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction (industrial buildings, commercial

buildings)

Type V

 Shall be fire resistive. The structural elements shall be of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry
construction (high-rise buildings)

WHY WE ARE DEFINING TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION?

 Since every types of construction have different parameters or requirements for us to use.

CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENT OF ALL BUILDINGS BY USE OF OCCUPANCY

Section 701. Occupancy Classified:

GROUP A – Residential Dwellings (A – 1|Low Density|33/hectare) and (A – 2|Medium Density| greater

than 33 but less than or equal to 80/hectare)

GROUP B – Residentials, Hotels and Apartments (High Density such as Urban Areas; Barangays| greater
than 80/hectare)

GROUP C – Education and Recreation

GROUP D – Institutional

GROUP E – Business and Mercantile

GROUP F – Industrial

GROUP G – Storage and Hazardous

GROUP H – Assembly Other Than Group I

GROUP I – Assembly Occupant Load 1000 or More

GROUP J – Accessory

WHY DO WE NEED TO SUB-CATEGORIZED THE OCCUPANCIES?

 There are several recommended values of factors for buildings. Different classification requires
different loadings.

Note: Set back – the distance of the outer wall to the property line

Section 704. Location of Property

 No Building shall be constructed unless it adjoins or has direct access to a public space yard or
street on at least one of its sides.
 Eaves over required windows shall not be less than 750 millimeters from the side and rear
property lines

Note: Eaves – Edge of the roofing

Duplex – two door residential houses

Fire Walls – A solid wall between the property and the adjoint property; minimum set back will be at
least 2 meters
Fire Resistance of Walls

 Distance shall be measured at right angles from the property line. When openings in exterior
walls are required to be protected due to distance from property line, the sum of the areas of
such openings in any storey shall not exceed 50% of the total area of the wall in that storey.

Buildings on Same Property and Buildings Containing Courts for the purpose of determining the required
wall and opening protection, buildings on the same property and court walls shall be assumed to have a
property line between them. A good example is the City Hall

Section 705. Allowable Floor Areas

 The allowable floor areas for one-storey building and buildings over one-storey shall not exceed
the limits prescribed by the Secretary for each occupancy groups and/or types of construction.

Section 706. Allowable Floor Area Increases

 May be increased in certain specific instances and under appropriate conditions, based on the
existence of public space, streets or yards extending along and adjoining two or more sides of
the building or structure subject to the approval of the Building Official

Section 707. Maximum Height of Buildings

 The maximum height and number of storeys of every building shall be dependent upon the
character of occupancy and the type of construction as determined by the Secretary considering
population density, building bulk, widths of streets and car parking requirements.
 The height shall be measured from the highest adjoining sidewalk or ground surface:
 Provided, that the height measured from the lowest adjoining surface shall not exceed such
maximum height by more than 3.00 meters:
 Except, that towers, spires and steeples, erected as part of a building and not used for
habitation or storage are limited as to height only by structural design if completely of
incombustible materials, or may extend not to exceed 6.00 meters above the height limits for
each occupancy group if of combustible materials.
Note: Height – is the reference for calculating pressure such as winds

Parapet - A parapet is a part of a roof that eliminates the danger of a flat roof while opening up a
wealth of opportunities to use roof space safely and effectively. A parapet roof is, simply put, when
a building's outermost walls extend upwards past the roof around the edges, most often by a few
feet.

6.00 meters – the maximum height of the apex of the tower to the mean roof height of a building

Section 708. Minimum Requirements for Group A Dwellings

a) Dwelling Location and Lot Occupancy

b) Light and Ventilation (distance of the room, minimum requirement of the room (the width and
the height)
c) Sanitation (sewerage line, diameter of the pipes)
d) Foundation *analyze or construct by CE *Footings shall be of sufficient size and strength to
support the load of the dwelling and shall be at least 250 millimeters thick and 600 millimeters
below the surface of the ground

but for residential 900 to 1000 millimeters

e) Post * or Structural Engineers
f) Floor (floor height / for three storey typical floor height from the ceiling to floor finish is 2.7)
*The live load of the first floor shall be at least 200 kilograms per. sq. meter and for the second
floor, at least 150 kilograms per sq. meter.
g) Roof *The wind load for roofs shall be at least 120 kilograms per sq. meter for vertical projection
h) Stairs *Stairs shall be at least 750 millimeters in clear width, with a rise of 200 millimeters and a
minimum run of 200 millimeters.
 i) Entrance and Exit *There shall be at least one entrance and another one for exit
j) Electrical Requirements *All electrical installments shall confirm to the requirements of the
Philippine Electrical Code.
k) Mechanical Requirements *Mechanical systems and/or equipment installments shall be subject
to the requirements of the Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code

Section 709. Requirements For Other Group Occupancies

 Subject to the provisions of this Code, the Secretary shall promulgate rules and regulations
for each of the other Group Occupancies covering: allowable construction, height, and area;
location on property, exit facilities, light, ventilation, and sanitation; enclosures of vertical
openings; fire extinguishing systems; and special hazards.

Section 801. Light and Ventilation

 Every building shall be designed, constructed and equipped to provide adequate light and
ventilation.
 All buildings shall face a street or public alley or a private street which has been duly
approved.
 No building shall be altered nor arranged so as to reduce the side of any room or the relative
area of windows to less than that provided for buildings under this Code.
 No building shall be enlarged so that the dimensions of the required court or yard would be
less than that prescribed for such building.
Section 805. Ceiling Heights

a) Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation have ceiling heights not less than 2.40
meters measured from the floor to the ceiling;

Provided that for buildings of more than one-storey, the minimum ceiling height of the first storey
shall be 2.70 meters and that for the second storey 2.40 meters and succeeding storeys shall have
an unobstructed typical head-room clearance of not less than 2.10 meters above the finished floor.
Above stated rooms with a natural ventilation shall have ceiling height not less than 2.70 meters.

b) Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height not less than 1.80 meters above and below it.

Section 806. Size and Dimensions of Rooms

 Minimum sizes of rooms and their horizontal dimensions shall be as follows:

 Rooms for Human Habitations 6.00 sq. meters with at least of 2.00
 Kitchens 3.00 sq. meters with at least dimension of 1.50 meters;
 Bath and toilet 1.20 sq. meters with at least dimension of 0.90 meters.
Section 807. Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms

 Minimum space shall be provided as follows:

 School Rooms 3.00 cubic meters with 1.00 sq. meters of floor area per person
 Workshops, Factories and Offices 12.00 cubic meters of space per person
 Habitants rooms 14.00 cubic meters of space per person

Section 808. Window Openings

 Shall be provided with a window or windows with a total free area of openings equal to at least
ten percent of the floor area of room, and such window shall open directly to a court, yard,
public street or alley, or open water courses.

Chapter IX: Sanitation

All buildings erected, altered, remodeled, relocated or repaired for human habitation shall be provided
with adequate and potable water supply, plumbing installation, and suitable wastewater treatment or
disposal system, storm water drainage, pest and vermin control, noise abatement device, and such
other measures required for the protection and promotion of health of persons occupying the
premises and other living nearby.

Section 1001. General Requirements

 No part of any building or structure or any of its appendages shall project beyond the property
line of the building site, except as provided in this Code. (Structures in the public road or public
streets)
 The projection of any structure or appendage over a public property shall be the distance
measured horizontally from the property line to the outermost point of the projection.

Section 1002. Projection Into Alleys or Streets

  No part of any building or structure or any of its appendages shall project beyond the property
line of the building site, except as provided in this Code. (Structures in the public road or public
streets)
 Footings located at least 2.40 meters below grade along national roads or public highway may
project not more than 300 millimeters beyond the property line.

Section 1003. Projection of Balconies and Appendages over Streets

 The clearance between the established grade of the street and/or sidewalk and the lowest
under surface of any part of the balcony shall not be less than 3.00 meters

Section 1005. Canopies (Marquees)

 A canopy or marquee is a permanent roofed structure above a door attached to and supported
by the building and projecting over a wall or sidewalk.
 The horizontal clearance between the outermost edge of the marquee and the carb lines shall
be not less than 300 millimeters.
 The vertical clearance between the pavement or ground line and the under surface of any part
of the marquee shall not be less than 3.00 meters.

Section 1006. Movable Awnings or Hoods

 An awning is a movable shelter supported entirely from the exterior wall of a building and of a
type which can be retracted, folded, or collapsed against the face of a supporting building.
 
 The horizontal clearance between the awning and the curb line shall not be less than 300
millimeters.


 The vertical clearance between the undermost surface of the awning and the pavement or
groundline shall not be less than 2.40 meters

Section 1007. Doors, Windows and the Like

 Doors, windows and the like less than 2.40 meters above the pavement or ground line shall not,
when fully opened or upon opening, project beyond the property line except fire exit doors.

Section 1008. Corners Buildings with Chaflans

 Every corner building or solid fence on a public street or alley less than 3.60 meter in width shall
be truncated at the corner

 If the building is arcaded (arced store or curved buildings), no chaflan is required

notwithstanding the width of the public street or alley, less than 12.00 meters.

Module 1 Part 2

Chapter XII: General Design and Construction Requirements

Section 1022. Excavation and Retaining Walls

 The design and quality of materials used structurally in excavation, footings, and in foundations
shall conform to accepted engineering practice.

Section 1203. Veneer

 Veneer is a non-structural facing of brick, concrete, tile, metal, plastic, glass or other similar
approved materials attached to a backing or structural components of the building for the
purpose of ornamentation, protection, or enclosure that may be adhered, integrated, or
anchored either on the interior or exterior of the building or structure.

Section 1205. Floor Construction

 All floors shall be so framed and secure into the framework and supporting walls as to form an
integral part pf the whole building.
 The types of floor construction used shall provide means to keep the beam and girders from
lateral buckling.

(If the plastering is not properly frame then the tiles will be affected and tiles could be broken or
cracked into several pieces.)

Section 1206. Roof Construction and Covering

 Roof covering for all buildings shall be either fire-retardant or ordinary

 Roof trusses shall have joints well fitted and shall have all tension members well tightened
before any load is placed in the truss.
 Roof drains (depends on the accessories or manufacturing) shall be installed at low points of the
roof and shall be adequate in size to discharge all tributary waters.
 Flashing and counter flashing shall be provided at the juncture of the roof and vertical surfaces.

Section 1207. Stairs, Exits and Occupant Loads

 The construction of stairs and exits shall conform to the occupant load requirements of
buildings, reviewing stands, bleachers and grandstands
 Number of Exits: Every building or usable portion thereof shall have at least one exit. In all
occupancies, floors above the first storey having an occupant load of more then 10 shall not
have less than two exits. Each mezzanine floor used for other than storage purposes, if
greater in area than 185 sq. meters or more than 18:00 meters in any dimension, shall have
at least than two stairways to an adjacent floor.
 Width: The total width of exits in meters shall not be less than the total occupant load
served divided by 165

 Arrangement of Exit: If only two (2) exits are required, they shall be placed a distance apart to
not less than one-fifth (1/5) of the perimeter of the area served measured in a straight line
between exits.
 Where three (3) or more exits are required, they shall be arranged a reasonable distance apart
so that if one becomes blocked, the others will be available.
 Distance to Exits: No point in the building without a sprinkler system shall be more than 45.00
meters from an exterior exit door, a horizontal exit, exit passageway, or an enclosed stairyway,
measured along the line of travel. In a building equipped with a complete automatic fire
extinguishing system, the distance from exits may be increased to 60.00 meters.

 Doors: The provisions herein shall apply to every exit door serving an area having an occupant
load of more than (10), or serving hazardous rooms or areas.
 Swing. Exit door shall swing in the direction of exit travel when serving any hazardous areas or
when serving an occupant load of fifty (50) or more.

 Type of Lock or Latch. Exit door shall be openable from inside without the use of a key or any
special knowledge or effort.
 Width and Height. Every required exit doorway shall be of a size as to permit the installation of a
doorway shall be of a size as to permit the installation of a door not less than 900 millimeters in
width and not less than 2.00 meters in height

 Corridors and Exterior Exit Balconies: Every corridor or exit balcony shall not be less than 1.10
meters in width
 Doors in any position shall not reduce the required width of the corridor by more than one-half

 Stairways: Stairways serving an occupant load of more than 50 shall not be less than 1.10
meters.
 Stairways serving an occupant load of 50 or less may be 900 millimeters
 Private stairways (residential) serving an occupant load of less than 10 may be 750 millimeters
  Rise and Run: The rise of every step in a stairway shall not exceed 200 millimeters and the run
shall not be less than 250 millimeters
 The maximum variations in the height of risers and the width of treads in any one flight shall be
5 millimeters

How many steps should have?

 It depends on the height and the requirement

 Landing: Every landing shall have a dimension measured in the direction of travel equal to the
width of the stairway
 Such dimension need not exceed 1.20 meters when the stairs has a straight run
 Landings when provided shall not be reduced in width by more than 100 millimeters by a door
when fully open

Note: Elevator can’t be part of emergency exit

  Exit Signs and Illuminations – Exit shall be illuminated at any time the building is occupied
with light having an intensity of not less than 10.7 lux at floor level

ARCHITECTURAL CODE

Architect’s National Code

 RA 9266
 The Architecture Act of 2004

Definition of Terms

Architecture

 The art. Science or profession of planning, designing and constructing buildings in their
totality taking into account their environment, in accordance with the principles of utility,
strength and beauty.

Architect

 A person professionally and academically qualified, registered and licensed under this Act
who is responsible for advocating the fair and sustainable development, welfare and
cultural expression of society’s habitat in terms of space, forms and historical context.

Architect – Of – Record

 Means the architect registered and licensed under this Act, who is directly and
professionally responsible for the total design of the project for the client and who shall
assume the civil liability for the plans, specifications and contract documents he/she has
signed and sealed

Architect – In – Charge of Construction

 Means an architect registered and licensed under this Act, who is directly and
professionally responsible and liable for the construction supervision of the project.

Consulting Architect
  Means the architect registered and licensed or permitted to practice under this Act, who is
professionally and academically qualified and with exceptional or recognized expertise or
specialization in any branch of architecture.

Structural Conceptualization

 The act of conceiving, choosing and developing the type, disposition arrangement and
proportioning of the structural elements of an architectural work giving due consideration
to safety cost-effectiveness. Functionality and aesthetic.

Value of Architect

 The Architect creates man’s environment through his awareness and sensitive handling of
spaces that fit the scale of human experience. The resulting quality of the form-envelope
manifested as a structure or building given rise to man’s appreciation of beauty and order
in his physical world.
 The Architects’ deliberation determine how people will be placed in relationship one to
another, how whole societies will work, play, eat, sleep, recreate, travel, worship, or in
short how people will live in consonance with their culture and national aspirations.

Architect’s Services

1. Idea
2. Transform
3. Translated
4. Built
5. Use

Architect’s Services

1. Consists of Necessary:
 Conferences
 Deliberations
 Discussions
 Evaluations
 Investigations
 Consultations
 Advice
2. Produces:
 Documents in the form of a data base report
 Architectural program
 Feasibility study
 Market study
 Appraisal report
 Impact analysis report
 Space-organizational set-up report
 Site planning analysis
  Evaluation report
3. Prepares:
 Architectural plans
 Structural plans
 Electrical plans
 Plumbing/Sanitary plans
 Mechanical/Air conditioning plans
 Civil work plans
 Technical specifications
 Other bid documents
 Post construction management documents
 Operating manual
 Maintenance manual
 Other forms of written and graphical documents

Architect’s Services

7 Major Services

1. Pre-design Services (before to start with construction, it was advice to have consultation
between Architects and Clients)
2. Design Services (preparation of sketches, architectural plans and even engineers do task, and;
3. Specialized Allied Services /sometimes we also have to get interior designers if the design can be
complicated)
4. Construction Services
5. Post Construction Services
6. Comprehensive
 Architectural Services
7. Design-build Services (design, drawing, beautification until the project is finish)

Chapter 3

National Structural Code of the Philippines

NSCP Volume I

Composed of Seven Chapters

1. General Requirements
2. Minimum Design Loads (minimum loads are explained such as wind, and weight of the plywood
from the ceiling, weight of the concrete, etc.)
3. Earthworks and Foundations
4. Structural Concrete
5. Structural Steel
6. Wood
7. Masonry

Chapter 1. General Requirements

  The purpose of this code is to provide the minimum requirements for the design of
the buildings, towers and other vertical structures and minimum standards and
guidelines to safeguard life or limb, property and public welfare by regulating and
controlling the design, construction, quality of the materials pertaining to the
structural aspects of all buildings and structures within this jurisdiction.

Before we do the designs… full design. We normally categorize the occupancy of a building.

Occupancy Category

Definition of Terms

Alter or Alteration

 Is any change, addition or modification in construction or occupancy.

As Graded

 Is the extent of surface conditions on completion of grading.

Bedrock

 In – place solid or altered rock

Bench
  Is a relatively level step excavated into earth material on which is to be placed.

Borrow

 Is earth material acquired from an off – site location for use in grading on a site

Building

 Is any structure usually enclosed by walls and a roof, constructed to provide

support or shelter for an intended use or occupancy.

Compaction

 The densification of a fill by a mechanical or chemical means.

Construction Failure

 Is a failure that occurs during construction and they are considered to be either a
collapse or distress, of a structural system to such a degree that it cannot safely
serve its intended purpose.

Earth Material

 Is any rock, natural soil or fill or any combination thereof.

Erosion

 Is the wearing away of the ground surface as a result of the movement of wind or
water.

Fill

 Is a deposit of earth material placed by artificial means.

Finish Grade

 Is the final grade of the site that conforms to the approved plan. (has already finish
the compaction and to begin with cement)

Note: FFl (floor flnish)

General Collapse

 Is the immediate, deliberate demolition of an entire structure by a triggering

event.

Grade

 Is the vertical location of the ground surface

Grading

 Is the excavation or fill or combined thereof

Key
  Is a designed compacted fill placed on a trench excavated in earth material
beneath the toe of a slope

Limited Local Collapse

 Is a failure of a structural member without affecting the adjacent members

Occupancy

 Is the purpose for which a building or other structures or part thereof, is used or
intended to be used.

Pre-Fabricated Assembly

 Is a structural unit, the integral parts of which have been built up or assembled
prior to incorporation in the building.

Progressive Collapse

 Is the spread of an initial local failure from element to element, eventually

resulting in the collapse of an entire structure or disproportionately large part of it.

Robustness

 Is the insensibility of a structure to local failure.

Rough Grade

 Is the stage at which the grade approximately conforms to approved plan.

Site

 Is any lot or parcel of land or contiguous combination thereof, under the same
ownership, where grading is performed or permitted.

Slope

 Inclined ground surface the inclination of which is expressed as a ratio of vertical

distance to horizontal distance.

Soil

 Is naturally occurring superficial deposits overlying bedrock.

Structure

 Is that which is built or constructed, an edifice or building of any kind, or any piece
of work artificially built up or composed of parts joined together in some definite
manner.

Structural Failure

 Is the reduction of capability of a structural system or component to such a degree

that it cannot safely serve its intended purpose
Terrace

 Is a relatively level step constructed in the face of a graded slope surface for
drainage and maintenance purposes

Chapter 2. Minimum Design Loads

 This chapter provides the minimum requirements for the design of buildings,
towers, and other vertical structures. Loads and appropriate load combinations
which have been developed to be used together for strength design and allowable
stress design are set forth,

1:35:28

Advice:

National Building Code of the Philippines (2018 Edition)

National Structural Codes of the Philippines (2015 Edition, 7th Edition)

Fire Code of the Philippines