PEMBAHASAN KUIS

HUKUM II TERMODINAMIKA

Soal :
1. A heat engine is designed to absorb heat a temperature of 627oC and remove that heat a
temperature of 327oC . With the heat input of 850 cal, the largest amount of effort that can be
done by machines operating at maximum efficiency is…
a. 2040 J
b. 1190 J
c. 750 J
d. 680 J
e. 283 J

Poin : 10
Kunci Jawaban : B. 1000 J
Diketahui :
T 1=627+273=900 K ;
T 2=327+273=600 K
Ditanyakan : W maks?
Penyelesaian :
T 600 1
ηmaksimum =ηCarnot =1− 2 =1− =
T1 900 3
Q 1=850 kalori dijadikan joule
1 kalori = 4,2 joule
850 kalori = 850 x 4,2 = 3.570 joule
W maksimum =η Q1
1
W maksimum = ×3570 J=1190 J
3

Soal :
2. A Carnot engine originally had an efficiency of 50% with 500 J. With the heat habsorbed
always constant and the carnot engine efficiency increasing by 10%, the ratio of heat
released at the beginning and the end is ...
a. 6:7
b. 6:5
c. 5:6
d. 4:5
e. 5:4

Poin : 10
Kunci Jawaban : E. 5:4

Diketahui:
efisiensi mesin awal = η = 50%
usaha awal = W = 500 Joule
efisiensi mesin akhir = η’ = (10 + 50)% = 60%
Ditanyakan:
perbandingan kalor yang dilepas = Q2 : Q2' = ?
Penyelesaian :
Mencari kalor yang diterima saat keadaan awal (Q1)
η = W/Q1
Q1 = W/η
Q1 = 500 : 50% = 1000 joule
Mencari kalor yang dilepas saat keadaan awal
W = Q1-Q2
Q2 = Q1 – W
Q2 = 1000-500 = 500 joule
Mencari kalor yang dilepas saat keadaan akhir
Q 2'
η’ = 1-
Q1
Q2'
= 1- η’
Q1
Q 2 ' =( 1−η ' ) x Q 1
Q2 ' =( 1−60 % ) x Q1
Q 2 ' =40 % X 1000 J
Q 2 ' =400 J
Perbandingan kalor yang dilepas saat awal dan akhir
Q 2 :Q '2
500 J : 400 J
 5 :4

Soal :
3. A carnot engine absorbs 500 kJ of heat. This machine works in reservoir with a
temperature of 600 K and 400 K. The heat is wasted as much as ...
a. 333,3 kJ
b. 33,33 kJ
c. 35 kJ
d. 53,3 kJ
e. 55 kJ

Poin : 10
Kunci Jawaban : A. 333,3 kJ
Diketahui :
T1= 600 K
T2 = 400 K
Q1 = 500 kJ
Ditanya : Q2=……?
Penyelesaian :
T2
η=1− x 100 %
T1
400
η=1− x 100 %
600
η=33,33 %
1
η=
3
Untuk menghitung Q2 dapat digunakan persmaan efisiensi
Q
η=1− 2 x 100 %
Q1
1 Q2
=1− x 100 %
3 500
Q2=333,3 kJ
Soal :
4. The Carnot engine running on a 600 K high temperature reservoir has an efficiency of
40%. In order for the engine efficiency to be 75% with a constant low reservoir
temperature, the high temperature reservoir must be increased to….
a. 480 K
b. 840 K
c. 900 K
d. 1028 K
e. 1440 K

Poin : 10
Kunci Jawaban : E. 1440 K
Diketahui :
Jika suhu tinggi (T1) = 600 K , efisiensi (e) = 40% = 0,4
Ditanyaan :
Berapa suhu tinggi (T2) agar efisiensi (e) = 75% = 0,75

Penyelesaian :
T 1−T 2
η=
T1
600−T 2
0,4 =
600
240 = 600 – T2
T2 = 600-240
T2 = 360 K

Mencari suhu tinggi agar efisiensi 75%

T 1−T 2
η=
T1
T 1−360
0,75 =
T1
360 = T1 – 0,75 T1
T1 = 360/0,25
 T1 = 1440 K
Maka, suhu tinggi yaitu 1440 K.

Soal :
5. In the carnot engine P-V graph, it is known that W is 10 kJ. The amount of heat released
by the machine per cycle is ...

a. 333,3 J
b. 300,3 J
c. 350,3 J
d. 3333,3 J
e. 3353,3 J

Poin : 10
Kunci Jawaban : A. 333,3 J
Penyelesaian :
T2 200
η = 1−( T1
=1−) ( )
800
=3 /4

Kalor yang masuk :

W
η¿
Q1
Q1 = W/η= 10000/ (3/4) = 40000/3 J

Kalor yang dilepas :

η = 1- (Q2/Q1)
40000
0,75 = 1- (Q2 / )
3
40000
Q2 / = 1-0,75
3
 40000
Q2 / = 0,25
3
Q2 = 0,25 (4000/3)
Q2 = (1-0,75) (40000/3) = 10.000/3 J = 3333,3 J

Soal :
6. A carnot engine if the heat reservoir is 400 K will have an efficiency of 40%. If the hot
reservoir is 640 K the efficiency is ...
a. 50 %
b. 52,5 %
c. 57 %
d. 62,5 %
e. 64 %
Poin : 10
Kunci Jawaban :D. 62,5 %
Diketahui :
η=40 % untukT1 = 400 K
Ditanyakan :
ηketika T1= 640 K ?

Penyelesaian :
Data pertama cari T2 :
4
η=40 %=
10
T1 = 400 K
T2
η=1−
T1
4 T2
=1−
10 400
T2 4
=1−
400 10
T2 6
=
400 10
T 2=240 K

Data kedua cari efisiensi mesin Carnot :

T1= 640 K
T2 = 240 K
 T2
η=1−
T1
240
η= 1− (
640 )
x 100 %

5
η= x 100 %=62,5 %
8
Soal :
7. Air conditioning machine has 500 watts of power. If the room temperature is – 3 degress
celcius and the outside air temperature is 27 degress celcius, what is the maximum heat that
the cooling machine removes for 10 minutes… .. (if the engine efficiency is ideal)
a. 2,7 x 106 J
b. 2,8 x 106 J
c. 2,7 x 105J
d. 2,8 x 105J
e. 2,5 x 106 J

Poin : 10
Kunci Jawaban : A. 2,7 x 106 J
Diketahui :
P = 500 watt ( usaha 500 J tiap 1 sekon)
T1 = 27oC = 300 K
T2= -3oC = 270 K
Ditanya Q2 =…..?
Penyelesaian :
Q T2
COP= 2 =
W T 1−T 2
W . T2
Q 2=
T 1 −T 2
500 x 270
Q 2= =4500 J (tiap sekon )
300−270
Dalam waktu 10 menit = 600 s, maka :
Q 2=4500 x 600=2,7 x 106 J .

Soal :
8. The refrigerator has a performance coefficient of 6. What is meant by the temperature
outside the refrigerator is 28oC, the lowest temperature in the refrigerator is ..
a. -18 oC
b. -13 oC
 c. -16 oC
d. -12 oC
e. -15 oC

Poin : 10
Kunci Jawaban : E. -15oC
Diketahui :
COP = 6
T1= (28 +273) K = 301 K
Ditanya :
T2=…..?

Penyelesaian :
Memodifikasi persamaan T2 :
T2
COP=
T 1−T 2
COP . T 1−COP . T 2=T 2
COP . T 1=T 2 (1+COP )

Substitusikan nilainya ke dalam persamaan T2 :

COP
T 2= T
1+COP 1
6
¿ ( 301 )
1+ 6
¿ 258 K
¿−15o C

Soal :
9. The figure below shows that 1200 J of heat flows spontaneously from a hot reservoir of 600
K to a cold reservoir of 300 K.
 What is the total entropy of the system …… ... (It is assumed that no other changes have
occurred)
a. 6 J/K
b. 2 J/K
c. 8 J/K
d. 4 J/K
e. 9 J/K

Poin :10
Kunci Jawaban : B. 2 J/K
Dketahui :
Q1 = 1200 J
T1 = 600 K
T2 = 300 K
Ditanya :
Δ S sistem=… ?
Penyelesaian :
Perubahan entropi reservoir panas :
−Q 1 −1200
Δ S 1= = =−2 J / K
T 600
Perubahan entropi reservoir dingin :
Q 2 1200
Δ S 2= = =4 J /K
T 300
Total perubahan entropi adalah:
J
Δ S sistem= ΔS 1+ Δ S 2=−2+ 4=2
K

Soal :
10. A total of 500 gram of water is heated from a temperature of 30 degrees Celsius to 100
degrees Celsius. if the final entropy of the system is 4.250 J/K, initial entropy of the system
is…
a. 3.813,62 J/K
b. 3.639,10 J/K
c. 3.318,33 J/K
d. 3.183,59 J/K
e. 3.038,67 J/K
Poin : 10
Kunci Jawaban : A. 3.813,62 J/K
Diketahui
m air = 500 gram= 0,5 kg
T1 = 30 derajat Celcius = 303 K
T2 = 100 derajat Celcius = 373 K
c air = 4200 J/ kgK
Ditanyakan : entropi mula-mula ?

Penyelesaian :
Mencari perubahan entropi terlebih dahulu
∆ S=S 2- S1
T2
dQ
∆ S=∫
T1 T
T2
mc . dT
∆ S=∫
T1 T

T2
dT
∆ S=m. c ∫
T1 T
T2
∆ S=m. c ln
T1
373
∆ S=0,5 kg .4 .200 J/ kgK ln
303
∆ S=2.940(0,2078)
∆ S=436,38 J/K
Mencari entropi mula-mula :
∆ S=S 2−S1
436,38 J /K = 4250 J/K −S1
S1 = 3.813,62 J/K