Exercises - Calculus

SOLUTIONS

Question 1
Compute the following limits.
(a) limx→2 x2 − 2
(b) limx&0 x1
(c) limx%0 |x|
x
4x−2
(d) limx→ 1 (x−1)2 −x2
2
x 2
(e) limx%0 sin x
(f) limx→0 sin x1
(g) limx%∞ 2x+3
x−1
cos x−1
(h) limx→0 x
Solution

(a) 2
(b) ∞
(c) −1
(d) −2
(e) 0
(f) undefined
(g) 2
(h) 0
Question 2
Compute the following derivatives.
∂
(a) ∂x (x3 − x2 + 7)
∂ 1
(b) ∂x ( x )
∂ x
(c) ∂x (xe )
∂ 1
(d) ∂x (sin x )
∂ 1
(e) ∂x ( sin x )
∂ 2 2
(f) ∂x (3xy − 2x y + xy)
∂ 2 2
(g) ∂y (3xy − 2x y + xy)
∂ 2 2
(h) ∂x∂y (3xy − 2x y + xy)
Solution

(a) 3x2 − 2
(b) − x12
(c) (x + 1)ex
1
cos
(d) − x2 x
cos x
(e) − sin 2x

(f) 3y 2 − 4xy + y
(g) 6xy − 2x2 + x
(h) 6y − 4x + 1

1
Question 3
Compute
R the following integrals.
2
(a) 3x − 2dx
(b) xex dx
R

(c) 2x sin x2 dx
R
Re
(d) 1 x2 − x1 dx
R1R1
(e) 0 0 x + y − xydydx
R 1 R 1−|x|
(f) −1 |x|−1 x + y − xydydx
Solution

(a) x3 − x2 + c
(b) (x − 1)ex + c
(c) − cos x2 + c
3
(d) e 3−4
(e) 34
(f) 0
Question 4
We know from trigonometry that sin(a + b) = sin a cos b + cos a sin b. Using the definition of
the derivative, prove that the derivative of sin x is cos x.
Solution

∂ sin(x + d) − sin x
sin x = lim
∂x d→0 d
sin x cos d + cos x sin d − sin x
= lim
d→0 d
sin x(cos d − 1) + cos x sin d
= lim
d→0 d
sin x(cos d − 1) cos x sin d
= lim + lim
d→0 d d→0 d
cos d − 1 sin d
= sin x lim + cos x lim
d→0 d d→0 d
= sin x · 0 + cos x · 1 = cos x
Question 5
Write the following complex numbers in Cartesian and polar form, and draw them in the
complex plane.
(a) i3
(b) 3i
(c) i − 3
Solution
(a) Since i2 = −1, i3 = −i. In polar coordinates we get r = 1 and φ = 32 π.
(b) Polar form: since 3 = elog 3 , 3i = (elog 3 )i = ei log 3 , so r = 1 and φ = log 3.
Cartesian form: using x = r cos φ and y = r sin φ, we find cos(log 3) + sin(log 3)i ≈
0.45 + 0.89i.

2
(c) The number
p is already√given in Cartesian form. In polar form, we see that the modulus
is r = 12 + (−3)2 = 10. The argument is the angle between the positive x-axis and
the vector (−3, 1), so φ = π2 + arctan 3.

i−3 i
3i

i3