JEE CBSE+2021 +STRAIGHT+LINES+L-2+ +Types+of+Equations

JEE/CBSE 2021: STRAIGHT LINES L-2 : Types of Equations
JEE/CBSE 2021:
STRAIGHT LINES L-2 :
Types of Equations
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TYPES OF EQUATIONS
EQUATION OF LINE PARALLEL TO COORDINATE AXES

Equation of coordinate axes 1) Equation of x–axis, y = 0

y
(0, 3) 2) Equation of y–axis, x = 0
(0, 1)
y=0
(–3, 0) (–1, 0) O (1, 0) (3, 0) x
(0, –1)
(0, –3)
x=0
Equation of lines parallel to co–ordinate axes
x = –a x=a
Equation of line parallel to x–axis, at
y a distance of ‘b’ units y = ± b
a a
Equation of line parallel to y–axis, at
y=b a distance of ‘a’ units x = ± a
(–2, b) (0, b) (1, b)(2, b) (3, b)
b
x
–1 –2 –3 –4 O 1 2 3 4
b
y = –b
(0, –b)
Q1. Find the equation of a line if Parallel to y–axis at a distance of 5

units to the left side of it.
Solution
As required line is to the left
Y-axis
of Y axis, hence a is negative
5 units
Equation of line parallel to x–axis, at (0,0)
X-axis
a distance of ‘b’ units y = ± b
Equation of line parallel to y–axis, at

a distance of ‘a’ units x = ± a
∴ The equation of line is

x =–5
Equation of lines parallel to co-ordinate axes & passing through (h, k)

Equation of lines parallel to co-ordinate axes & passing through (h, k)

y x=h
Equation of line parallel to x–axis, passing through (h, k) is
P(h, k)
y = y-coordinate of given point y=k
x
⇒ y=k O
Equation of line parallel to y–axis,passing through (h, k) is

x = x-coordinate of given point
x=h
Examples
1) Equation of a line passes through (4, –7) and parallel to x–axis is
y = –7
2) Equation of a line passes through (–2, –3) and

parallel to y–axis is
x = –2
EQUATION OF LINE
SLOPE POINT FORM
Slope point form

Consider a line passing through point A(x1,y1) & having slope
m
Suppose any arbitrary point P(x, y) on this line
y – y1
Slope of AP = = m (given)
x – x1
A (x1,y1) Equation of line is given by

P(x, y)
m y – y1 = m (x – x1)
EQUATION OF LINE
TWO POINT FORM
Two point form

Consider a line passing through two points A(x1,y1) &B (x2,y2)
As A, P and B lies on same line

y – y1
A (x1,y1) Slope of AP =
P(x, y) x – x1 Again let arbitrary point
y2 – y1 P(x, y) on the line
B (x2,y2) Slope of AB =
x2 – x1
mAP = mAB
y – y1 y2 – y1
Equation of line is given by = = x –x
x – x1 2 1
Q2. Find the equation of line having slope and passes through
(–4, 2).
A 3x-2y+8=0
B 3x-2y-8=0
C 3x+2y-8=0
D 3x+2y+8=0
Solution :
–3
here, m = , (x1, y1) ≡ (–4, 2)
2
∴ The equation of line is
y – y1 = m (x – x1)
–3
∴ y– 2 = (x + 4)
2
2y – 4 = –3x – 12
3x + 2y + 8 = 0
Q2. Find the equation of line having slope and passes through
(–4, 2).
A 3x-2y+8=0
B 3x-2y-8=0
C 3x+2y-8=0
D 3x+2y+8=0
Q3. Find the equation of line passing through the points (4,3) and
(3, –5)
A x-9y=22
B 8x-y=29
C 8x+y=29
D x+9y=22
Solution :
here, (x1, y1) ≡ (4, 3) , (x2, y2) ≡ (3, –5)
The equation of line is
y – y1 x – x1 (4, 3)
y1 – y2 = x1 – x2
y–3 x–4
= (3, –5)
3+5 4–3
y–3 x–4
=
8 1
y – 3 = 8x – 32
∴ 8x – y = 29
Q3. Find the equation of line passing through the points (4,3) and
(3, –5)
A x-9y=22
B 8x-y=29
C 8x+y=29
D x+9y=22
Equation of line
Slope intercept form
Slope –intercept form Consider a line having

slope = m and y-intercept = c
Now use slope-point form

Y
y – y1 = m (x – x1)
m
P(0, c) ⇒ y – c = m(x – 0)
c
y = mx + c
O X
Equation of line
Double intercept form
Double –intercept form
x–intercept = a y–intercept = b
Using two point form,

Y we get the equation as
(0, b)
x y
a + =1
b
b
(a, 0)
a X
O
Q4. Find the equation of a line having slope 5 and cuts off an intercept
of 3 units on y–axis.
A 5x-y = -3
B 5x+y = -9
C 5x+6y =19
D 5x-6y =19
Solution :
m = 5, y–intercept c = 3
The equation of line is,
y = mx + c
y = 5x + 3
5x – y + 3 = 0
Q4. Find the equation of a line having slope 5 and cuts off an intercept
of 3 units on y–axis.
A 5x-y = -3
B 5x+y = -9
C 5x+6y =19
D 5x-6y =19
Q5. Find the equation of a line with intercepts 3 and –8 on x–axis

and y–axis respectively.
A 9x-2y = 22
B 8x-3y = 24
C 5x-7y =19
D 8x-6y =19
Solution :
x–intercept, a = 3
y–intercept, b = –8
∴ The equation of the line is
x y
+ = 1
a b
x y
+ = 1
3 –8
x y 8x – 3y = 24
– = 1
3 8
Q5. Find the equation of a line with intercepts 3 and –8 on x–axis

and y–axis respectively.
A 9x-2y = 22
B 8x-3y = 24
C 5x-7y =19
D 8x-6y =19
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Q6. If the area of triangle formed by the lines y = 0, x = 0 & 3x + 4y = a

(a > 0) is 1, then find the value of a.
D
Solution :
Comparing with double x y
a + =1
intercept form b
Equation of line is 3x + 4y = a y
Dividing by ‘a’
A
3x
3x 4y +
∴ a + a = 1 4y
a =
a
y 4
x
∴ + = 1
a a B
a x
3 4 O
3
Solution :
a y
∴ x–intercept = OA =
3 A
3x
a +
4y
y–intercept = OB = a =
4 a
a2 4
∴ Area of Δ OAB = 1 = 1
1 24 B
∴ × OA × OB = 1 a x
2 O
∴ a2 = 24 3
1 a a
∴ × × =1
2 3 4 ∴ a = 2√ 6
Q6. If the area of triangle formed by the lines y = 0, x = 0 & 3x + 4y = a

(a > 0) is 1, then find the value of a.
D
Equation of line normal form

Normal form y
B
P = Length of the perpendicular
P cosecα N
drawn from origin to a line. 90 –α
p
α = Inclination of the normal. α A x
O
Length of OA = P sec α P secα
Length of OB = P sec (90 – α) = P cosec α
Apply double intercept form
x y
+ =1
P sec α P cosec α
x cos α + y sin α = p
Q7. Find the equation of a straight line upon which the length of the
perpendicular from origin is 2 & the slope of this perpendicular is .
Solution
tan α is positive, hence α
y either lies in I quadrant
5 5 B or in III quadrant
slope of ON = ⇒ tan α = N
12 12 2
α A
x
Case I If α lies in I quadrant O
5 12
⇒ sin α = and cos α =
13 13
Equation of line is x cos α + y sin α = p
12 5
x+ y = 2 ⇒ 12x + 5y = 26
13 13
Solution
y
Case II If α lies in III quadrant B α O
x
–5 –12 2
N
⇒ sin α = and cos α = A
13 13
Equation of line is x cos α + y sin α = p
– 12 x – 5 y = 2 ⇒ 12x + 5y = – 26
13 13 5
⇒ 12x + 5y + 26 = 0 tan α =
12
Q8. Find the equation of a straight line which makes a triangle of area
96√ 3 with the positive coordinate axes & perpendicular from origin to
it makes an angle of 300 with Y-axis.
D
Solution
y
B
Let the length of OP = p P sec 300 N
0
30 P
A
ΔONA and ΔONB are right angle triangles 0
x
O P cosec 30
0 0
Hence OA = P cosec 30 and OB = P sec 30
1
∴ Area of Δ OAB = P sec 300 × P cosec 300
2
1 2 2
96√ 3 = 2 P × ×2
√3
96 × 3
= P2 ⇒ P = 12
2
Solution
y
B
Now, inclination of ON from the x-axis is 600 P sec 300 N
0
30 P
⇒ α = 60 and P = 12
0
600 A
x
0
O P cosec 30
Apply Normal form
x cos 600 + y sin 600 = 12
1 √3
⇒ x + y = 12 ⇒ x + √ 3 y = 24
2 2
Q8. Find the equation of a straight line which makes a triangle of area
96√ 3 with the positive coordinate axes & perpendicular from origin to
it makes an angle of 300 with Y-axis.
D
Reduction of general equation of a line

Reduction of general Equation

Slope-Intercept form
ax + by + c = 0
by = – ax – c
Dividing both sides ‘b’
–a –c
∴y = x +
b b
Comparing with y = mx + c Equation of any line can be
represented in the form
–a –c
m= and y-intercept =
b b
Double-Intercept form
ax + by + c = 0
–c
x – intercept = y – intercept = –c
ax + by = – c a b
Dividing both sides ‘–c’

ax by
+ = 1
–c –c
x y
+ = 1
(–c/a) (–c/b)
x y
Comparing with + = 1
A B
Normal form ax + by + c = 0
ax + by = – c
Compare it with
x cos α + y sin α = p As in 2x + 3y + 5 = 0
⇒ cos α = a, sin α = b and p = –c 2x + 3y = – 5
Which is completely wrong ∴ cos α ≠ 2, sin α ≠ 3
and p ≠ – 5
Normal form ax + by + c = 0
ax + by = – c
Dividing both sides by ± √ a2 + b2 Now, compare it with
ax by c x cos α + y sin α = p
+ =
± √ a2 + b2 ± √ a2 + b2 ± √ a2 + b2
a b
cos α = 2 2
sin α =
± √a + b ± √ a2 + b2 Sign of √ a2 + b2
–c will be + ve or –ve
p= p must be always positive according as sign of p
± √ a2 + b2
Problems on equation of line

Q9. Reduce the equation √3x + y + 2 = 0 to

i) Slope intercept form and find its slope and y-intercept
ii) Double intercept form and find the intercepts on the co-ordinate
axes.
Solution
The given equation is, Slope intercept form is

y = mx + c
√3x + y + 2 = 0
∴ y = –√3x – 2
This is of the form y = mx + c

∴ m = –√3 & y = intercept c = –2
Solution The given equation is √3x + y + 2 = 0

∴ √3x + y = –2
√3x y Double intercept form is
+ –2 = 1
–2 x y
x y a + b =1
∴ + (–2) = 1
–2
√3
x y
This of the form
a + b =1
–2
∴ x-intercept, a = y-intercept, b = –2
√3
Q10. Reduce the equation √3x – y + 12 = 0 to normal form also find the
slope and length of the perpendicular drawn form origin.
Solution
Normal form
The given equation is, x cos α + y sin α = p
√3x – y + 12 = 0
∴ √3x – y = –12 Keeping +ve term
on R.H.S
∴ –√3x + y = 12
Dividing throughout by √(–√3)2 +(1)2
= √3+1 = 2
Solution y
– √3 x
+ = 6
2 2
∴ Comparing with x cos α + y sin α = P
–√3 sin α = 1
 cos α =
2 2
1
2
tan α = = – 1
–√3
√3
2
∴ Slope the perpendicular, m = tan α = – 1
√3
∴ Length of the perpendicular, p = 6
Thank You

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JEE/CBSE 2021: STRAIGHT LINES L-2 : Types of Equations

● 20+ Teachers with 5+ years of experience

● Tests & Assignments with 10,000+ questions

● Option to Learn in English or Hindi

● LIVE chapter wise course for revision

● 4000+ Hours of LIVE Online Teaching

● Crash Course and Test Series before Exam

*JEE Pro Subscription Link available in description 20%

*Vedantu Pro Subscription Link available in description

EQUATION OF LINE PARALLEL TO COORDINATE AXES

Equation of coordinate axes 1) Equation of x–axis, y = 0

Equation of lines parallel to co–ordinate axes

Q1. Find the equation of a line if Parallel to y–axis at a distance of 5

Equation of line parallel to y–axis, at

∴ The equation of line is

Equation of lines parallel to co-ordinate axes & passing through (h, k)

Equation of lines parallel to co-ordinate axes & passing through (h, k)

Equation of line parallel to y–axis,passing through (h, k) is

1) Equation of a line passes through (4, –7) and parallel to x–axis is

2) Equation of a line passes through (–2, –3) and

Slope point form

A (x1,y1) Equation of line is given by

Two point form

As A, P and B lies on same line

Slope –intercept form Consider a line having

Now use slope-point form

Double –intercept form

Using two point form,

Q5. Find the equation of a line with intercepts 3 and –8 on x–axis

Q5. Find the equation of a line with intercepts 3 and –8 on x–axis

*JEE Pro Subscription Link available in description 20%

Q6. If the area of triangle formed by the lines y = 0, x = 0 & 3x + 4y = a

Q6. If the area of triangle formed by the lines y = 0, x = 0 & 3x + 4y = a

Equation of line normal form

Reduction of general equation of a line

Reduction of general Equation

Dividing both sides ‘–c’

Problems on equation of line

Q9. Reduce the equation √3x + y + 2 = 0 to

The given equation is, Slope intercept form is

This is of the form y = mx + c

Solution The given equation is √3x + y + 2 = 0

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