3 Ohms Law Power Energy

EEE 1201: Electrical Circuits - 1 (DC)
Ohm’s Law, Power, Energy
Course Teacher: Nafiz Ahmed Chisty
Head, Department of EEE

Associate Professor, Department of EEE & CoE
Faculty of Engineering
Room# D0105, D Building
Email: chisty@aiub.edu
Website: http://engg.aiub.edu/faculties/nafiz
Website: www.nachisty.com
Nafiz A. Chisty| Head, Dept of EEE; Associate Professor, Dept. of EEE & CoE, FE| chisty@aiub.edu
Nafiz A. Chisty| Head, Dept of EEE; Associate Professor, Dept. of EEE & CoE, FE
Ohm’s Law
Cause
Effect 
Opposition
 Every conversion of energy from one form to another can be related to this
equation.
 In electric circuits the effect we are trying to establish is the flow of

charge, or current. The potential difference, or voltage between two
points is the cause (“pressure”), and resistance is the opposition
encountered.
Ohm’s Law
E
I
R
Where: I = current (amperes, A)
E = voltage (volts, V)
R = resistance (ohms, )
For any resistor, in any network,

the direction of current through a
resistor will define the polarity of
the voltage drop across the resistor.
Ex. 4-1 Determine the current resulting from the application of a 9-V battery
across a network with a resistance of 2.2 Ω.
E 9V
I   4.09 A
R 2.2 
Ex. 4-2 Calculate the resistance of a 60-W bulb if a current of 500 mA results
from an applied voltage of 120 V.
E 120 V
R  3
 240 
I 500  10 A
Power
 Power is an indication of how much work (the conversion of energy from

one form to another) can be done in a specific amount of time; that is, a
rate of doing work.
W QV Q
P  V
t t t
1 Watt (W)  1 joule / second
Q
I
t
1 Horsepower= 746 Watts
V V2
P  VI  V ( ) 
R R
P  VI  ( IR) I  I 2 R
 Power can be delivered or absorbed as defined by the polarity of the
voltage and the direction of the current.
Energy
 Energy is the capacity to do work, measured in joules (J)

 Energy (W) lost or gained by any system is determined by:
W = Pt
 The watt-second is too small a quantity for most practical purposes, so the
watt-hour (Wh) and kilowatt-hour (kWh) are defined as follows:
Energy (Wh)  power (W)  time (h)
Power (W)  time (h)
Energy (kWh) 
1000
 The killowatt-hour meter is an instrument used for measuring the energy

supplied to a residential or commercial user of electricity.
Efficiency
 Efficiency (η) of a system is determined by the following

equation:
η = Po / Pi
Where: η = efficiency (decimal number)
Po = power output
Pi = power input
For Cascaded Systems:

Example: A stereo system draws 2.4A at 120V. The audio output power is 50W.
a) How much power is lost in the form of heat in the system?
b) What is the efficiency of the system?
Nodes, Branches, Loops

• Node
A point or junction where two or more circuit’s elements (source, resistor,
capacitor, inductor etc.) meet is called Node.
• Branch
That part or section of circuit which locate between two junctions is called
branch.
In branch, one or more elements can be connected and they have two
terminals.
• Loop
A loop is any closed path in a circuit.
• Mesh
A closed loop which contains no other loop within it or a path which does not
contain on other paths is called Mesh.
Summary
Ohms Law Pie Chart
Ohms Law Matrix Table

Reference
[1] Robert L. Boylestad, “Introductory Circuit Analysis”, 12th Edition, Prentice Hall Inc
Thanks
Plotting Ohm’s Law

Graph, characteristics, plots

play an important role in
every technical field as a
mode through which the
broad picture of the
behavior or response of a
system can be conveniently
displayed. It is therefore
critical to develop the skills
necessary both to read data
and to plot them in such a
manner that they can be
interpreted easily.
If the resistance of a plot is unknown, it can be

determined at any point on the plot since a straight V

line indicates a fixed resistance. At any point on the Rdc 
plot, find the resulting current and voltage, and
simply substitute into following equation:
I
The equation states that by choosing a particular ΔV, one can obtain
the corresponding ΔI from the graph, as shown in Fig. 4.6 and 4.7,
and then determine the resistance.
V
R
I
FIGURE 4.6 Demonstrating on an I-V plot that

the less the resistance, the steeper is the slope
FIGURE 4.7
Ex. 4-5 Determine the resistance associated with the curve of Fig. 4.8 using
equations from previous slide, and compare results.
At V  6 V , I  3 mA, and
V 6V
Rdc    2 k
I 3 mA
At the int erval between 6 V and 8 V ,

V 2 V
R   2 k
 I 1 mA
FIGURE 4.8 Example 4.5.

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EEE 1201: Electrical Circuits - 1 (DC)

Ohm’s Law, Power, Energy

Course Teacher: Nafiz Ahmed Chisty

Head, Department of EEE

 In electric circuits the effect we are trying to establish is the flow of

For any resistor, in any network,

 Power is an indication of how much work (the conversion of energy from

 Energy is the capacity to do work, measured in joules (J)

 The killowatt-hour meter is an instrument used for measuring the energy

 Efficiency (η) of a system is determined by the following

For Cascaded Systems:

Nodes, Branches, Loops

Ohms Law Pie Chart

Ohms Law Matrix Table

Plotting Ohm’s Law

Graph, characteristics, plots

If the resistance of a plot is unknown, it can be

determined at any point on the plot since a straight V

FIGURE 4.6 Demonstrating on an I-V plot that

At the int erval between 6 V and 8 V ,

FIGURE 4.8 Example 4.5.

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