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CBSE Class 10 Science
Life Processes
Periodic Test (20M)

Date : 10/07/2020
Marks : 15
A. Multiple Choice Questions (3M) / Assertion and Reasoning (2M)
1. The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in
(a) cytoplasm.
(b) mitochondria.
(c) chloroplast.
(d) nucleus.

2. Which of these choices is NOT in the structure of a chloroplast?

(a) Granum
(b) Stroma
(c) Cristae
(d) Thylakoid

3. In normal expiration, the diaphragm is

(a) Arched
(b) Flattened
(c) Perforated
(d) None of these

4.  Read the statements carefully and choose the correct alternative from the following:
(a) Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation
of the Assertion.
(b) The Assertion and the Reason are correct but the Reason is not the correct explanation
of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) The statement of the Assertion is false but the Reason is true.

(i)  Assertion: When air is passed through lime water, lime water turns milky.
Reason: Air contains 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. Answer is (b)

(ii)  Assertion: Human heart does not allow mixing of oxygen rich blood with carbon
dioxide rich blood.
Reason: Human heart has different chambers. Answer is (c)

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B. Answer the following (2M) (Any one)

1. How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food?
Answer :
 The small intestine has finger like projections called villi which are richly supplied with
blood vessels.
 These villi increase the surface area of the inner lining of the intestine.
 Greater the surface area, greater will be the rate of diffusion (absorption) of nutrients from
the lumen of the small intestine into the blood vessels.
 Also, the cells lining the small intestine lumen have microvilli, which further enhance the
surface area greatly.

2. What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to
obtaining oxygen for respiration?
Answer :
 Aquatic organisms have gills to obtain dissolved oxygen from water, whereas terrestrial
animals have lungs to obtain oxygen from air which is freely present.
 The solubility of oxygen in water is very less since water is a polar molecule.
 Due to less solubility of oxygen in water, the concentration of oxygen in water is much less
as compared to that in air.
 Also, rate of diffusion of gases in water is slower as compared to air.
 Hence, to meet the demands of oxygen, aquatic animals have to keep their breathing rate
faster than terrestrial animals.

C. Answer the following (3M)

1. How are water and minerals transported in plants?
Answer: Mention root pressure & Transpiration pull
 Water and minerals are transported in plants with the help of xylem tissue.
 Roots absorb the water from the soil by actively taking up ions, creates the difference in the
concentration of these ions between the root and the soil. Water enters the root cells.

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 The water moves up creating a column of water that is steadily pushed upwards in vessels
and tracheids of the roots, stem and leaves, and are interconnected to form a continuous
system of water-conducting channels reaching all parts of the plant.
 The water loss by leaves through stomata is called transpiration. It creates a suction pull,
which pulls water from the xylem cells of roots.

D. Answer the following (5M)

1. With a neat labelled diagram, describe the structure and functioning of nephrons.
Answer :
 Nephron has a cup shaped upper end, called bowman's capsule.It contains a bundle of
blood capillaries, called glomerulus.
 The blood entering into the glomerulus carries waste materials which are filtered out in the
bowman's capsule. Filtration is possible because the walls of glomerular capillaries and
Bowman's capsule are very thin and are selectively permeable.
 This property of membranes allows water and small molecules in the blood to pass through
them.Once the waste materials is filtered out, the blood free from these waste materials
goes into renal veins from where it goes into the heart through posterior Vena cava.
 The fluid containing waste materials is forced out of the glomerular capillaries in the
Bowman's capsule.
 The filtered out fluid is known as glomerular filtrate which contains sodium,potassium and
chloride ions,glucose,amino acids along with urea,uric acid and a large amount of water.
 The filtrate then moves down into the loop of Henle, where more water is absorbed.
 From here, the filtrate moves upwards into the distal tubule and finally to the collecting
duct. Collecting duct collects urine from many nephrons.
 The urine formed in each kidney enters a long tube called ureter. From ureter, it gets
transported to the urinary bladder and then into the urethra.

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2. Answer the following:

(a) How is glucose completely oxidised inside an actively respiring human cell? (3M)

Answer :
Explain the flow chart (in mitochondria)

(b) Compare and contrast between the two mechanisms of breathing. (2M)
Answer:

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