PNTC COLLEGES

Zone III, Lt. Cantimbuhan St. Poblacion, Dasmariñas City

ACTIVITY SHEET
Name Villarin, Romel A. Year and Section ME – NPBST 31 A1
Course Code DRW 306 Course Title Naval Architecture
Module Number Module 1 Content Topic Weekly Topic
Teacher Mr. Joseph Endita Date 09/ 22/ 2021

PART 1. EVALUATE

1. What are the different sources of authority and power?

Sources of authority and power

 Superintendents- referred to as a supervisor or an overseer. He is the one who has the
documents that specify the necessary repairing and conditioning require for a ship and he is
the one who has to reassure that the repairing and reconstruction of the ship is being
carried out properly.
 Master- The supreme authority on board a merchant vessel is the Master. The entire crew
is under his command. He is responsible for the safety, use and maintenance of the vessel
and makes sure that every crew member carries out his work accordingly.
 Chief Engineer- The supreme authority in the engine room. Responsible on all the operation
and maintenance of all the machineries and equipment onboard. Responsible for personnel
and the proper operation, maintenance, and safety of the vessel’s propulsion system
power. The one who decided on effective repairs and report defects that may affects the
ship. He also advised the master in all matters relating to machinery usage, fuel
requirements and an overall economical use of suppliers and supervise bunkering.
Supervise the work done by engine department personnel.
 Chief Officer or Chief Mate- the first deck officer and the head of the deck department after
the Master. He is in charge with the vessel navigation, watch duties, charging and
discharging operations. The Chief Officer also directs all the other officers on deck, creates
and posts watch assignments and implements the Master’s orders in order to maintain safe
operations and maintenance of the vessel.
 1 st Engineer or commonly called as 2nd Engineer- the head of the engine department after
the Chief Engineer. He is in charge with the vessel main propulsion unit, watch duties,
critical equipment and cargo operations with regards to machineries. Directs all the other
engineers, creates and posts watch assignments, engine department job orders and
implements the Chief engineer’s orders in order to maintain safe operations and
maintenance of the vessel.

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Zone III, Lt. Cantimbuhan St. Poblacion, Dasmariñas City

 Junior officers
2 nd mate
3 rd Engineer
3 rd mate
4th Engineer
Maintain duty watch and operate and maintain assigned machineries. If the machinery
is under their responsibility they have the authority demand for complete details in
operating system and they must be always informed in any situation that may affect the
ship operation and safety especially during their duty watch.
 Specialized Officers
Electrical Engineer
Reefer Engineer
From the word specialized they have specific assignment from their designation implies.
They have the authority to control the machinery/device assigned to them towards the
safety of the ship and navigation.

2. How does authority and power can be effective theoretically?

Two theories of authority and power:
 The Formal theory maintains it as right to issue commands. Authority flows from superior
to subordinates, making up the organizational hierarchy,
 The Acceptance theory relates to behavioral and human relations schools. According to it,
the former theory explains authority only from legal or formal point of view. In actual
practice, successful authority depends on the acceptance of the orders by the subordinates

3. How will you differentiate the cultural awareness from cross cultural communication?

Concept in cultural awareness and cross cultural communication.

Each individual can practice culture at varying levels. When two people of different
cultures encounter each other, they not only have different cultural backgrounds but their
systems of turn – talking are also different. Cross cultural communication will be more
effective and easier if both the speakers have knowledge of the turn taking system being
used in the conversation (For example: One person should not monopolize the
conversation or only one person should talk at a time). Below a figure shows ten strategies
for effective cross-cultural communication. “Cultural awareness” is the next stage of
understanding other groups — being open to the idea of changing cultural attitudes.
“Cultural sensitivity” is knowing that differences exist between cultures, but not assigning
values to the differences (better or worse, right or wrong)

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Zone III, Lt. Cantimbuhan St. Poblacion, Dasmariñas City

4. When will you know if the strategies of management level officers is effective?

Management strategies are a series of techniques for controlling and directing a ship
organization to achieve a set of predetermined goals. It include strategies for;
 goal-setting;
 Leadership;
 administration, and;
 Operational activities.

5. What are the theories in human error, situational awareness, and boredom?

Theories in human error Based on the model proposed by Rasmussen there are three
main types of human error:
 Lapse error: memory lapse. It is a run-time error caused by an oversight. The action has a
result different from the one expected due to the memory
 Slip error: forgetfulness or involuntary mistake. It is a runtime error that concerns the level
of skill. The actions are executed in a different way than planned, the person should know
how to perform the task but it doesn’t and executes it incorrectly.
 Mistake: you do the wrong things. Either mistakes due to lack of knowledge or incorrect
application or errors due to the choice of the wrong rule due to an erroneous perception of
the situation, or omissions in the application of a rule.

Concept of Situational Awareness

 Be aware of your environment, including: o other ships in the area o communications
between vessel traffic services and other ships o weather o sea state o depth of water o
tide and current
 Having mode awareness—know your ship's configuration, equipment and systems. These
systems include auto pilot, radar, GPS, AIS, compass, propulsion, steering gear, generators
and their engaged modes.
 Keep spatial orientation—know the geographical position of the ship within the operational
location.
 Keep a time horizon—manage time for things like fuel status and always allow time for
unplanned events or emergencies.

Put simply, situational awareness means having an accurate understanding of what is

happening around you and what is likely to happen

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Zone III, Lt. Cantimbuhan St. Poblacion, Dasmariñas City

Concept of boredom
Boredom is usually experienced when workers face a monotonous life along with
frustration, according to the paper. This combination is often found among seafarers,
because of the monotony of work onboard, routine deck-work or using machinery, being
on watch, or doing maintenance tasks, especially at sea. These are resolve thru shore leave
and short contracts.

6. What are the theories in leadership and teamwork on board ship?

 Leadership is the action of leading a group of people or an organization.

 Teamwork is the collaborative effort of a group to achieve a common goal.

7. What strategies those management level offices adopt to enhance leadership and
teamwork?

 Leadership styles are:

 Autocratic Style- make all the decisions with little input from team members.
 Authoritative Style- map the way and set expectations, while engaging and energizing
followers along the way.
 Pacesetting Style- set the bar high and push their team members to run hard and fast to the
finish line.
 Democratic Style.- share information with crew about anything that affects their work
responsibilities.
 Coaching Style.- coaches views people as a reservoir of talent to be developed.
 Affiliative Style.- where the leader gets up close and personal with people
 Laissez-Faire Style.- trust people to know what to do, but taken to the extreme, an
uninvolved leader may end up appearing aloof.

8. How the management level officers motivate personnel on board ship?

Personnel Motivation ( Top motivators for their crew were: )

 Money- most common reason why seafarer stay onboard is for high salary. Though salary
onboard is high some hard jobs may require several bonus (Hold Cleaning Allowance, F.O
FW Tank Cleaning Allowance, etc) that they can use for personal necessities.
 Job security- Assuring crew that they will be rehire after each contract will keep their spirit
up.

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Zone III, Lt. Cantimbuhan St. Poblacion, Dasmariñas City

 Promotion- If there are opening for promotion crew are literally doing their best to be
worthy of the promotion they will get or they obtain. Newly promoted officers are usually
more energetic and motivated to do their best.
 Appreciation- sometimes a simple gesture of saying thank you, job well done or making
them feel that you’re glad they do their best will keep the crew working motivated.
 Being an ‘insider’- staying with crew even after duty work or simply being their friend will
make a bond that will motivate crew and also you will benefit for it since you will have
happy times with them.
 Sympathy for problems- All seafarers are away from their love once who care for them and
give them concern. Giving them you sincerest sympathy may ease their worries and help
them keep going.

9. How does an individual motivation affected by perceived influences on board ship and at
home?

An individual’s motivation and well-being may be affected by both real and perceived
influences on board ship and at home because the way a crew think and understand things
will change the decision the he/she will make. Level of Motivation may elevate or reduce
depending on positive or negative perception of the crew.

10.What strategies can adopt by the management levels officer to optimize the motivation
of individuals and teams?

These can be use as strategies that management level officers could adopt to optimize
the motivation of individuals and team.

11.What are the theories of coaching individuals and teams to improve performance?

Theories on coaching individuals and teams to improve performance

The model
 focuses on the functions that coaching serves for a team, rather than on either specific
leader behaviors or leadership styles,
 identifies the specific times in the task performance process when coaching interventions
are most likely to have their intended effects, and
 explicates the conditions under which team-focused coaching is and is not likely to facilitate
performance

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Zone III, Lt. Cantimbuhan St. Poblacion, Dasmariñas City

12.What is the proper way of improving the performance of one self, individuals and teams?

PART 2. EXTEND

1. As a student, are you aware of your relationship with your classmate, is it good or bad?
I thought that it was good, Being friendly to your classmates bring more happiness into
our lives than virtually anything else. Friendships have a huge impact to our mental health
and happiness.
2. In this time of pandemic, how can you conquer your boredom at home?
In this time of pandemic, I conquer my boredom at home by doing some video editing
and creating video content that I want to upload. I also try to have interest in cooking and
baking.
3. In your opinion, how can human error be minimized?
In my opinion if we have enough relevant information and awareness to any situation
that might happen human error can be minimized. Having a good training and improving
self-capacity will do.
4. As a student, how can you motivate oneself to excel in academic performance?
As a student, I always think that all of this hard work that I been doing at this time it has
a purpose and I believe that I do not need to have intense pressure for my academically
grades but to have a good experience and knowledge is important for me. I want to help
my families in financial support also give me a self-motivation to improve my academic
performance.

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