МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ, МОЛОДІ ТА СПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ

ЛЬВІВСЬКИЙ ІНСТИТУТ ЕКОНОМІКИ І ТУРИЗМУ

НАВЧАЛЬНІ МАТЕРІАЛИ

ДЛЯ ВИВЧЕННЯ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ ЗА

ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ
ТУРИСТИЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

Львів - 2012
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Навчальні матеріали для вивчення англійської мови за професійним

спрямуванням для студентів туристичних спеціальностей / Укладач О. Б. Гуляк.
– Львів : ЛІЕТ. – 2012. -

Розглянуто і схвалено на засіданні кафедри іноземних мов

Львівського інституту економіки і туризму
Протокол № від 2012р

Навчальні матеріали для вивчення англійської мови за професійним

спрямуванням для студентів туристичних спеціальностей укладено на
основі підручника «Tourism» з метою забезпечення відповідних умов
для навчально-пізнавальної діяльності студентів, необхідного
матеріалу для організації мовної освіти, спрямованої на якісну
результативність у володінні іноземними мовами.
 4

Tourism today
“Travel tips” is a website where people can get information or advice
about travel and holidays from travel experts.
Match the questions (1-3) with the answers (a-c).

1. I’d like to work in the travel industry when I leave school. What
advice can you give me?
2. I’m doing research on popular tourist destinations. Do you have any
information?
3. My friends are going on a package holiday to Greece, but I don’t
want to spend two weeks sunbathing on the beach. I’m eighteen, and
I want a different kind of holiday. Please help!

Travel Tips

a Cities like London, Paris, and Venice are very popular places for
sightseeing. The pyramids in Egypt and the Great Wall of China are
important tourist attractions. They receive thousands of visitors each
year. However, tourists today are always looking for new destinations.
It is now possible to visit Antarctica, to take holidays under the sea, and
even to go on holiday in space.

b Lots of companies offer organized tours with tour leaders. These are
often to places famous for their art and history, like Italy or Egypt. Or
what about an adventure holiday – trekking or scuba-diving? Wildlife
holidays, with activities from birdwatching to whale-watching are
popular but can be expensive. Or you could choose independent travel.
A lot of young people go backpacking around the world after they finish
their education.

c You need to decide which part of the travel industry you want to work
in. If you like people, you could work for an airline, looking after
passengers in the air or on the ground. Or you could work in a hotel,
where you would meet and talk to guests every day. If you like the
business side more, think about working for a tour operator (the people
who organize holidays) or a travel agent (the people who sell them to
customers). If you want to travel, you can become a tour leader.
 5

Vocabulary

Complete the definitions with the highlighted words in the text.

1. ______________ buy products or services.
2. ______________ stay in hotels.
3. ______________ travel in planes, trains, buses, or boats.
4. ______________ take groups of people on organized holidays.
5. ______________ visit particular places or buildings.
6. ______________ travel to places on holiday.

Words at sea
At sea – a bedroom is a cabin, a bed is a bunk, the kitchen on a ship is a
galley, right is starboard and left is port and the group who work on the
ship is called the crew. These terms are also used for an aircraft. Sailors
also refer to their vessels as ‘she’ rather than ‘it’.

Journey, trip, travel, voyage

A trip is shorter than a journey: What was the journey like? We had a
long journey by coach from the north to the south of the country. We took
a trip / went on a trip to the beach last weekend. Go on a trip suggests an
organized short excursion, whereas take a trip or have a trip could be
something you do yourselves in your own car.
Travel is a general word. It is a noun and a verb: Travel broadens the
mind. How did you travel round Australia? We hitch-hiked. We never say
‘a travel’. It is an uncountable noun.
Voyage means a long journey usually by sea, though this use is quite
formal. It is often used in other contexts with discovery. Learning English
is a voyage of discovery!

Some words connected with travel

Last week he flew to New York. It was an early-morning flight. The
plane was to take off at 6 a.m. and land at 7a.m. He was stranded at the
airport. The plane was delayed by fog. Air passengers often suffer such
delays.
Trains always run on time here. You have to change trains at Prague.
We are sailing on the QE2. It sets sail at noon. It will dock in New York
at 6 p.m. I hope the sea won’t be rough – I might be seasick. The ship was
wrecked. The passengers were marooned on a desert island.
 6

Our car does 10 km to the litre. It goes quite fast. We can usually
overtake other cars. The car swerved into the middle of the road to avoid
the cyclist. He backed / reversed the car into the drive and parked in
front of the house.

Exercises
Choose the best word flight, journey, trip, travel or voyage to fit the gaps.
1. I would love to ……….. round the world in a balloon.
2. The Titanic sank on its maiden ……….. .
3. How long does the ……….. from New York to Rio take?
4. She says her hobbies are reading, golf and ………. .
5. When they were in Cairo they took a ……….. to see the Pyramids.
6. Getting from London to the north of Scotland involves an overnight
train ……….. .

Use the words below to fill in the blanks.

passengers delayed mechanic flight train
galleys run out boot ferry check
bonnet deckchair departure lounge garage
Yesterday John was supposed to take a ………. from London to
Amsterdam. He got up very early, put his luggage in the ……….. of his
car and tried to start the engine. It wouldn’t start. John lifted the ………..
but he couldn’t see what the matter could be. He immediately called his
local ……….. to ask them to send a ……….. at once. Fortunately, the
garage had a man free and he was with John within ten minutes. He
quickly saw what the matter was. ‘You’ve ……….. of petrol,’ he said/
John felt very foolish. ‘Why didn’t I ……….. everything last night?’ he
wondered. Despite all this, he got to the airport, checked in quite early and
then went straight through to the ……….. to read a newspaper while he
waited. Soon he heard an announcement. ‘Passengers on flight BA 282 to
Amsterdam are informed that all flights to and from Amsterdam are
………. because of a heavy snowfall last night.’ ‘If only I had decided to
go by ……….., ‘ John thought. ‘It would probably have been quicker in
the end and even if I sometimes feel sick on the ……….. , it can be quite
pleasant sitting in a ……….. on the deck, watching the seagulls and the
other ……….. . The ……….. on a ship seem to produce much better food
than those on an aircraft too.’
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Tourism today: facts and challenges

Tourism is one of the biggest businesses in the world. There are nearly
800 million international tourist arrivals every year. It employs, directly or
indirectly, one in fifteen of all workers worldwide, from A to Z, from
airport cleaners to zookeepers, and includes bar staff, flight attendants,
tour guides, and resort reps. It is a huge part of the economy of many
countries – in countries such as the Bahamas, over 60% of the economy is
based on tourism.
Tourism is a fast-growing business. When Thomas Cook organized his
first excursion from Leicester to Loughborough in 1841, he probably
didn’t know what he was starting. Key developments in the last 150 years
or so have led to the rise of mass tourism. There have been technological
developments in transport, in particular the appearance of air travel and
charter flights. There have been changes in working practices, with
workers getting paid holiday time and working shorter and more flexible
hours.
In recent years we have seen the growth of the Internet and
globalization, making the world seem a smaller but very fascinating place.
The tourism industry grows faster and faster each year. In 1950, there were
25 million international tourist arrivals. In 2004, the figure was 760
million, and by 2020 it is predicted to be 1.6 billion.
But what are the challenges today? The tourism industry is affected by
many different things: international events, economic change, changes in
fashion. New concerns and worries appear every year, for example as
people become more worried about security and international terrorism, or
as the value of their currency changes. But new destinations and new
sources of tourists also seem to emerge every year.
Tourism survives. It is a powerful and sometimes dangerous force in the
modern world. Tourism creates many good jobs and careers, but it also
produces many poor and badly paid jobs. Tourism can help to protect
environments and animal life, but it can also damage them. Tourism can
save cultures and the local way of life, but it can also destroy them.
Tourism can change countries – and people – for the better, but it can also
change them for the worse.
Tourism is one of the biggest industries in the world. It is perhaps also
the most important.
 8

In pairs, answer and discuss these questions.

1. What do these numbers in paragraphs 2 and 3 refer to?
a 1841
b 25 million
c 760 million
d 1.6 billion
2. What are the four positive and four negative effects of tourism
mentioned in the article?
3. How many jobs in tourism can you think of?
4. Which of the key developments in tourism do you think were the
most important?
5. Can you think of some recent international events that have
affected the tourism industry?
6. Do you think tourism is a positive or a negative influence in the
world?

Definition of Tourism
Tourism covers all activities of people traveling to and staying in places
outside their normal environment for not more than one consecutive year
for leisure, business or other purposes.
By traveling we understand the act of moving, however, commuting or
traveling to or from work or school is excluded. People involved in
tourism are called visitors. Other travelers such as immigrants, nomads,
border workers, diplomats and members of armed forces are not counted
for tourism purposes. Visitors are broken down into two separate groups:
tourists and same-day visitors. Tourists are overnight visitors, who stay at
least one night in a collective or private accommodation facility in the
destination. Same-day visitors or excursionists do not stay over night.
When people travel within their own country, we speak about domestic
tourism. Outbound tourism involves the residents of a particular country
traveling to other countries whereas if we want to describe the activity of
foreigners visiting our country, we speak about inbound tourism.
The industry catering for people involved in tourism is called the
tourism industry, hospitality industry or travel industry. It is an important
job generating industry, offering some exciting careers for those who like
dealing with people.
 9

Give the English equivalents to the following words and word-

combinations:
звичне середовище, наступний рік, відвідувач, прикордонник,
збройні сили, умови проживання, пункт призначення, засоби
розміщення, зупинитись на ніч, екскурсант, внутрішній туризм,
постійний мешканець, в’їзний туризм, виїзний туризм, гостинність,
обслуговувати, створювати нові робочі місця.

Match the people below to these sentences:

holidaymaker, tripper, commuter, migrant,
nomad, passenger, globetrotter, itinerant, hiker

1. I travel daily on this route to work.

2. I travel from place to place looking for grass for my cattle.
3. I travel to a nearby attraction for a short period, usually a day, for
pleasure.
4. I travel widely around the world but not necessarily for pleasure,
sometimes for my work.
5. I am traveling in this vehicle but I am not driving it.
6. I travel by walking across country. It’s not my normal means of
transport and I usually do it for pleasure.
7. I travel from place to place because I do not have a permanent home.
8. I am traveling for my vocation.
9. I am traveling because I wish to make another country my home.

The World’s Tourism Organization’s Classification of Tourism.

Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and …… in
places outside their …… for more than …… consecutive …… for ….. ,
….. , and other purposes.
…… involves residents of a given country traveling only within their
own country.
…… involves non-residents traveling in the given country.
…… involves residents of one country traveling to another country.
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The top ten tourist destinations in the world

Read the article and complete the table below.

OK, I’m going to tell you the top ten tourist destinations in the world.
The top country is a European country – can you guess which? To make it
more interesting for you I’m going to start at the bottom with the tenth
place, where we have Germany, which had a total of 19 million tourist
visitors last year. In ninth place, we have Canada which had 20 million
visitors. Then there are two countries together in seventh place: Mexico
and Russia, both with 21 million. In sixth place comes the United
Kingdom with 25 million visitors. Then in fifth place, and the highest
Asian country – any ideas which one? (Japan ?) No, not Japan. It’s China
with 31 million. In fourth place, we have Italy: 41 million; third is Spain
with 48 million. Which leaves the top two: the United States in the silver
medal position, if you like, with 51 million. And top of the charts, by a
long way, is … France with 75 million tourist visitors. Did anyone guess
right?

Position Country Number of tourists

st
1 _____________________________________________________
2nd______________________________________________________
3rd______________________________________________________
4th______________________________________________________
5th______________________________________________________
6th______________________________________________________
7th______________________________________________________
8th______________________________________________________
9th______________________________________________________
10th_____________________________________________________

Think about your own country.

1. Where do domestic tourists go? What attractions do they visit?
2. What places do inbound tourists visit? Which countries do they come
from?
3. Where do outbound tourists go? Which countries do they visit?
 11

Links with the past

England: a historical tour
Discover England’s fascinating early history on our exclusive non-
stop one-week tour.

DAY 1
Hastings, East Sussex
Our first stop is the beach at Hastings where William the Conqueror’s
armies arrived from Normandy in 1066, then we visit Battle Abbey, built
by William to celebrate his victory, and watch actors in period costume re-
enact the battle and the death of the English King Harold.

DAY 2
Tilbury Fort, Essex
Elizabeth I’s reign was a golden age of sea exploration, discovery and
military victory. On the second day of our tour we visit the exact spot
where, in 1588, Elizabeth gave her famous speech to her troops on the day
before they faced the much superior Spanish Armada – and defeated them!

DAY 3
The Tower of London
London’s most famous landmark was built by William the Conqueror in
1078, but its best-known historical connections are with the Tudor
monarchs. Two of Henry VIII’s six wives, Anne Boleyn and Catherine
Howard, were beheaded here at his command. After his death, his daughter
Elizabeth was imprisoned here by her older sister Mary. But when Mary
died in 1558, she was obliged to make Elizabeth her successor.

DAY 4
morning – Stonehenge, Wiltshire
afternoon – Bath, Somerset
On Day 4 we visit the West Country, stopping at mysterious Stonehenge,
built by the native Celtic Britons around 2000 BC, and then spending the
afternoon at Bath – once the Roman spa town of Aquae Sulis (‘the waters
of the goddess Sulis’). The tour includes a visit to the famous hot springs
and Roman baths.
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DAY 5
Stratford-on-Avon,
Warwickshire
No tour of England is complete without a visit to Elizabethan Stratford-on-
Avon, birthplace of the most famous writer of that age – William
Shakespeare – and home to many historic buildings. In the evening we will
see a play at the world-famous Royal Shakespeare Theatre.

DAY 6
Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire
On Day 6 we travel north and visit the majestic ruins of Fountains Abbey,
perhaps the best example of the destruction caused by Henry VIII’s
Dissolution of the Monasteries (1536-40) when Henry sold all the
buildings and land that belonged to the Catholic monasteries. The King
had broken away from the Catholic church in 1534 and made himself the
Supreme Head of the Church of England.

DAY 7
Hadrian’s Wall,
Northumberland
On our final day we visit the most famous symbol of the Roman
occupation of Britain – Hadrian’s Wall. Although Julius Caesar led the
first invasion of Britain in 55 BC, it was under the Emperor Hadrian that
the Roman legions reached the most northern point of their Empire and
built a wall from coast-to-coast as protection against the Scottish tribes.

Answer the questions.

1. Why did the Romans build Hadrian’s Wall?
2. What was the Roman name for the city of Bath?
3. What famous Roman site can you still visit there?
4. Who fought the Battle of Hastings, and who won?
5. Who built the Tower of London, and when?
6. Name three famous female prisoners at the Tower of London.
7. What happened to the Catholic monasteries during Henry VIII’s
reign?
8. Who was the monarch during Shakespeare’s lifetime?
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Complete the table with the missing dates and names from the text.

English history – key dates

Date Event
…… Stonehenge built by native Britons
…… Roman invasion of Britain under Julius Caesar
…… Norman invasion of Britain under ……
1509-1547 Reign of King …… VIII
…… England breaks with Rome and forms the Church of England
1553.1558 Reign of Queen …… I
1558.1603 Reign of Queen …… I
…… Defeat of the Spanish Armada

What was happening in your country during these periods of history? Who
were the key people and which places are associated with them?

Write a table of key dates for your country.

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Landmarks in American history

European Settlement and the French Wars

th
In the 17 century, settlers from England and from Holland started to
make their home in America. Many of them were from small religious
groups who suffered persecution in Europe. In the 18th century, France
fought England for control of Canada and the northern border. Both sides
used the help of Native Americans, but England won the war in 1763.

The War of Independence

After the French Wars, some US states began to rebel against control
and taxation by England and its king George III. In 1776, thirteen states
declared independence from England. A war between the English army
and the Americans lasted until 1781, when the United States of America
became an independent country.

The Civil War

th
In the 19 century, states were created in the west, where settlers took
land from the Native Americans and farmed it. The southern states used
many slaves from Africa and the Caribbean on their plantations, but the
northern states wanted to ban slavery. In 1861, eleven southern states left
the USA and set up their own Confederacy. A civil war lasted until 1865,
when the southern states surrendered and their slaves were freed.

Answer the questions about these paragraphs. Who:

1. won the French Wars?
2. won the War of Independence?
3. won the American Civil War
4. was King of England in 1776?
5. helped the Europeans in the French Wars?
6. were forced to work on American plantations?
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Britain’s colonial past

Food from the Colonies

Spices
In 1600 the East India Company was formed under Elizabeth I to
compete with Dutch traders in the oriental spice trade. The company was
given a monopoly on all goods imported to England from Asia. From the
1750s the company became more ambitious, starting to invade and
conquer parts of India. It was now the biggest company in the world, and
also an unofficial arm of the British government. When Queen Victoria
came to the throne in 1837, the whole of India was under British rule, and
she was made Empress of India. When she died in 1901, the British
Empire had expanded so much that it included one fifth of the total
population of the world.

Sugar
As tea and coffee grew in popularity in Britain in the 18 th century, the
demand for sugar to sweeten them also grew. Sugar plantations in the
West Indies owned by European colonists needed more workers, so their
owners imported slaves from West Africa. A circular trade developed and
islands such as Jamaica and the Bahamas became British colonies. Ships
from Britain carried cotton and metal goods to Africa, where they were
traded for slaves, who were taken on a three-month voyage to the West
Indies. They were traded with the plantation owners for sugar, and the
sugar returned to Britain. Georgian Britain, especially the ports of
Liverpool and Bristol, grew rich on the profits of the slave trade, turning a
blind eye to the cruelty and the suffering involved.

Tea
The East India Company also held a monopoly on the import of Chinese
tea, which became popular and fashionable in the 18 th century. Trading
posts around China such as Singapore and Hong Kong soon became
colonies. At the same time, people in America, which the British had
colonized in Elizabethan times, were protesting about high taxes on the
import of common goods from England. A revolutionary group called the
Sons of Liberty began turning back British tea ships from American ports,
and in 1773 they threw tea worth thousands of pounds into Boston
Harbour. The ‘Boston Tea Party’ was the first of many acts of rebellion
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that quickly led to war with England and, in 1776, to American

independence.

Potatoes
Potatoes, originally from Colombia, were introduced to England by
Elizabethan explorers. Sir Walter Raleigh grew them on his land in
Ireland, which in those days was under British rule. The Irish, poor and
constantly at war internally or with the English, began to rely on this crop,
which was easy to grow and produced a good yield. The poorest families
ate nothing else. But in the 1840s a fungus infected the crops and more
than one million people died of hunger. Another two million emigrated,
mostly to North America, and a de-populated Ireland remained under
British rule until 1922.

Insert the names of the countries in the correct sentences.

America China Hong Kong India
Jamaica Ireland Singapore

1. ………. and ………. became British colonies as a result of the tea

trade in the 18th century.
2. ……….. became a British colony as a result of the sugar trade in
the 18th century.
3. ……….. became a British colony as a result of the spice trade in
the 18th century.
4. ……….. was a British colony from medieval times until 1922.
5. ……….. was a British colony from the 16th century until 1776.
6. ……….. was never a British colony.

Why do you think that there are so many English-speaking countries

in the world?

How did the English language travel so far?

 17

A short history of Australia

Read the text and find out why the British first settled in Australia.

Australia’s first people were the Aborigines. The have occupied the
continent for at least 50,000 years, and before the Europeans arrived in
1788 their population was probably between 3000,000 and 750,000. They
occupied a lot of the northern territory.
Although Captain James Cook had sailed the length of the east coast in
1770 the British did not settle in Australia until 1788. The first ships
arrived and brought 1,000 convicts from England. They called the area
where they landed New South Wales.
Historians still argue today about why the British settled in Australia.
Some say that Britain was trying to find new places to send convicts
because British prisons were too crowded. Others say that the British
wanted to use Australia’s natural resources or that they were attempting
to stop other Europeans from claiming Australia.
Australia’s white population grew slowly after 1788. Most of the people
were either convicts or former convicts who had finished their sentences.
In the 1830s, more migrants arrived in Australia from Britain looking
for a new life. Sheep farming had already developed and many people
found jobs on farms. New colonies appeared called Victoria, Western
Australia, Tasmania and Queensland. They later became the States of the
Commonwealth of Australia.

Match the paragraphs of the text with the topics below.

a. Why the British settled in Australia.
b. Growth of the white population.
c. Development of the States of the Commonwealth.
d. Australia’s first people.
e. The British settlement of Australia.
 18

Complete the text below with the correct form of the verb in brackets
(past simple, past continuous or past perfect).
The Aborigines were (be) the first Australians. There are fewer
aborigines now than when the European settlers … (arrive) because a lot
of Aborigines … (die) from diseases brought by the settlers. In 1921, there
… (be) only 61,000 Aborigines in Australia. By 1991, this number …
(increase) to 270,000 which is approximately 1.5% of the Australian
population. After the European settlement in Australia in 1788, almost 5
million people from 200 different countries … (immigrate) to Australia.
They … (look) for new lives away from problems in their own countries
and they …(hope) to start new lives. They … (find) new lives in Australia
and … (make) it their home. If the British … (not invade) Australia in
1788 it could have been very different.

The Friendly Games

What are the Commonwealth Games?
The Commonwealth is a voluntary organization of 54 independent
countries who all share a common history as part of Britain's imperial past.
The countries are as diverse as Canada, New Zealand, Pakistan, Barbados,
Sri Lanka and Zambia, and Queen Elizabeth is head of the organization.
Today the Commonwealth works to advance democracy, human rights and
social and economic development, and organizes special programmes to
help promote trade, science, health, young people and many other specific
issues in its member countries.
The Olympic-style Commonwealth Games are held every four years in a
different member country. Known as the Empire Games until 1950, the
first event was held in Hamilton, Canada in 1930. There were only eleven
participating countries, and the sports included athletics, boxing, bowls,
rowing, swimming and wrestling.
England has only hosted the Games twice: in London in 1934 and in
Manchester in 2002. They have only been held twice outside of Canada,
Britain or Australia - in Jamaica in 1966 and in Malaysia in 1998. The
number of countries participating in the Games has slowly grown to over
70, and thousands of athletes now participate. Without competition from
 19

the USA and the major European countries, Australia, Canada and the
British countries (which compete separately) usually win the most medals.
As happens for the Olympics, host countries usually build special new
facilities for the Games. Manchester spent 20 years preparing for the 2002
Games and built a new 48,000-seat stadium which cost over £100 million.
Luckily, the Games attracted around 1 million visitors to the city and were
a financial success.
The Commonwealth Games have their own version of the Olympic torch
ceremony. On Commonwealth Day (May 11th) in a Games year, the
Queen hands a baton containing a message to an athlete. This is then
passed in relay style to other athletes. They run through different
Commonwealth countries until they reach the host nation. The baton is
opened and the Queen's message is read out at the opening ceremony of
the Games.

Are these statements true or false?

I. The British monarch is head of the Commonwealth.

2. The Commonwealth Games take place every year.
3. The first Games were in 1950.
4. There are only eleven countries participating in the Games.
5. The Games are always held in Canada, Britain, Australia or New
Zealand.
6. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland compete as four
separate countries in the Games.
7. 48,000 people came to the Games in Manchester.
8. The stadium built in Manchester for the 2002 Games was a financial
success.
9. Commonwealth Day is in May.
10.Lots of different runners carry the Queen's message to the
Games’ host country.

Make a list of all the Commonwealth member countries that are

mentioned in The Friendly Games text.

Expand upon the Olympic Games of 2012.

 20

A brief travel history

Travel as activities away from home began around 8000 BC (after the
Agricultural Revolution) when human beings became settled farmers and
built their permanent homes.
In the ancient world people traveled for various purposes, such as
pleasure, trade, scientific exploration, and religious pilgrimage. The ancient
Romans and Greeks were considered to be the most famous ancient
pleasure seekers. Travel in Europe during Roman times was fast, easy, and
safe, because Romans introduced a network of well-maintained stone-
paved and metalled roads as well as secondary roads from the North Sea to
the Sahara Desert, and from the Atlantic Ocean to Mesopotamia that
facilitated leisure travel in the Roman Empire.
Commercial trading also made ancient people travel from one place to
another. Ocean-going ships were in use by 4000 BC, about the same time
that the wheel and cart came into use.
After the decline of the Roman Empire, Europe fell into the dark Ages
when organized religion dominated everyday life. Travel became difficult
and dangerous because of the deterioration of the roads and bandits’
attacks on travelers. Religious pilgrimage was the dominant travel
motivation in the medieval Europe.
At the same time, travel was increasing in the eastern part of the world,
particularly in China. The peak of Chinese civilization was the Tang
Dynasty (AD 618 – 907). Changan, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, was
the terminal point of the famous Silk Road, and merchants from many
foreign countries traded there.
As Europe grew out of the Middle Ages in the epoch of Renaissance
(14th – 17th centuries) art, literature, philosophy and scientific ideas became
very important, people became increasingly curious about the outside
world. The desires to explore, discover, and understand other places and
peoples drove many European explorers and scientists to travel in many
directions. The sailing of Christopher Columbus in 1492 is credited as the
beginning of the great age of exploration, which also marked the advent of
capitalism and modern scientific thought. This period was characterized as
the opening of sea travel.
In the 17th – 18th centuries it was fashionable for the upper classes to
visit the European cultural, artistic, musical, and government centers to
increase knowledge of the world. This was the so-called Grand Tour of
Europe. When Thomas Cook organized his first excursion from Leicester
 21

to Loughborough in 1841, he probably didn’t know that he was starting

mass tourism.
Nowadays tourism is one of the biggest industries in the world.

Pilgrimage
The history of European tourism can perhaps be said to originate with
the medieval pilgrimage (a long journey or search of great moral
significance, sometimes, it is a journey to a sacred place or shrine of
importance to a person’s beliefs and faith). Although undertaken
primarily for religious reasons, the pilgrims in the Canterbury Tales
quite clearly saw the experience as a kind of holiday (the term itself
being derived from the ‘holy day’ and its associated leisure activities).
Pilgrimages created a variety of tourist aspects that still exist – bringing
back souvenirs, obtaining credit with foreign banks (in medieval times
utilizing international networks established by Jews and Lombards),
and making use of space available on existing forms of transport (such
as the use of medieval English wine ships bound for Vigo by pilgrims
to Santiago De Compostela). Pilgrimages are still important in modern
tourism – such as to Lourdes or Knock in Ireland. But there are modern
equivalents – Graceland and the grave of Jim Morrison in Père
Lachaise Cemetery.
During the 17th century, it became fashionable in England to
undertake a Grand Tour. The sons of the nobility and gentry were sent
upon an extended tour of Europe as an educational experience. The 18 th
century was the golden age of the Grand Tour, and many of the
fashionable visitors were painted at Rome by Pompeo Batoni. A
modern equivalent of the Grand Tour is the phenomenon of the
backpacker, although cultural holidays, such as those offered by
Swann-Hellenic, are also important.
 22

Famous travelers

Discuss with your partner:

- The reasons why people started traveling.
- Great travelers of different times and their discoveries.

People began traveling long ago. The first travelers were nomads and
pilgrims, merchants and traders. They traveled along rivers, lakes and
sea and used simple means of traveling: boats and ferries on water,
horses on land and camels in deserts.
The most famous travelers were explorers: Marco Polo from Venice
in the 13th century; Afanasy Nikitin from Russia, Christopher
Columbus and Vasco da Gama from Portugal in the 15 th century;
Magellan from Spain, Amerigo Vespucci from Italy in the 16th century;
James Cook from England in the 18th century and others from different
countries of the world.
Travel grew and developed together with the development of
transport. First trains and motor-cars appeared in the 19th century. But at
that time only rich people could afford themselves to travel, because
they had enough money and free time for traveling. In the 19th century
tourists traveled by trains and steamships mainly to the mountain
resorts in Switzerland or to the seaside in France.
In 1841 Thomas Cook from England opened the age of organized
tourism. He arranged the first trip for 570 Englishmen by railway. The
excursion was so successful that Cook organized other similar events.
Cook organized his first major continental tour in 1855 but it lost
money. However, after that he managed to negotiate cheaper rates for
crossing the English Channel. The cheaper rates were in return for a
guarantee that he would bring large numbers – the essence of mass
tourism. Tours to France and Switzerland became regular. The Swiss
quickly recognized the need to build the things that the tourists wanted
– hotels and other facilities – so a whole industry began to develop.
After the Suez Canal was opened in 1869, Egypt also became a popular
destination for Cook’s tours.
So in 30 years modern mass tourism was established.
Freddie Laker was one of the pioneers of modern passenger air
travel. He was born in England in 1922. In the Second World War he
was an aircraft engineer and also learnt to fly. After the war, in 1948, he
 23

bought and chartered planes to deliver food to people of Berlin while

the city was blockaded by the Russians.
In the 1950s his business activity increased. He was one of those
businessmen who expanded air travel rapidly due to the development of
aircraft technology. In 1955, for example, he set up an air service
carrying passengers and cars across the Channel between England and
France.
It was in the 1960s and 1970s that the real growth in charter air travel
happened, as more and more people wanted to go on package holidays.
Laker founded and ran his first company ‘Laker Airways’ from1966 to
1982. His main achievement was that he set up companies independent
of big state corporations and cheap flights for a great number of people.

A. Give the English equivalents to the following words and word-

combinations:
кочівник, купець, переправлятися поромом, дозволити собі
подорожувати, подорожувати поїздом або пароплавом, гірські
курорти, вести переговори про нижчі ціни, в обмін на гарантію,
суть масового туризму, зафрахтований літак, завдяки розвитку
авіаційної технології, поїхати на організований відпочинок.

B. Put the proper word in the right sentence.

Trip, nomad, package holidays, scheduled, crossing, resorts,
aircraft, ferry.
1. These South African … live principally in the deserts.
2. The ship calls at several ports to pick up passengers before … the
ocean.
3. The … was flight-tested in 1995.
4. We calculated that the … would take two days.
5. The travel agent advised us to take advantage of off-peak reductions
for … .
6. Originally, both Riviera and Switzerland were tourist destinations as
health … .
7. A … airline operates on fixed routes at fixed times according to a
timetable.
8. He offered to … us across the river in his boat.

C. Answer the following questions in written form:

 24

1. When did people start traveling?

2. Who were the first travelers?
3. What means of transport did they use?
4. What famous travelers do you know? Where did they travel?
5. What transport means appeared in the 19th century?
6. What kind of tourists were at that time? Where did they go?
7. When did Thomas Cook arrange the first trip? What kind of trip
was it?
8. What events followed that trip?
9. What kind of tourism did Cook develop?
10. What things in modern tourism date back to Thomas Cook?
11. When did a tourist industry begin to develop?
12. Who was the pioneer of modern passenger air travel?
13. What did Laker do in 1948? What did he use in his business
activity?
14. What kind of business did he have?
15. What was Laker’s main achievement in the development of
tourism?

D. Translate into English.

Поняття «тур» було введено до вжитку в 1750 р., а термін «турист»
використовувався як найменування учасника розважальних або
освітніх подорожей (турів).
Великого англійського реформатора Томаса Кука (1808 – 1892)
справедливо називають «батьком» міжнародного туризму як сфери
економічної діяльності, оскільки він уперше відзначив комерційні
перспективи його розвитку. Т. Кук поклав початок організації
туризму, створивши перше бюро подорожей, увів резервування місць
у засобах пересування й розміщення, видавав якісні путівники з
вичерпною інформацією.
На межі XIX і XX ст. туризм перестав бути тільки об’єктом
наукових досліджень філософії та соціальних наук, а став складною
економічно структурою, в розвитку якої виділяється період після
Першої світової війни і десятиліття після Другої світової війни.
Особливу роль у популяризації усіх видів туризму зіграв розвиток
авіа подорожей. Усе це сприяло виникненню економіко-
філософського підходу до розуміння туризму в системі розвитку
суспільства.
 25

World Tourism Organization

The World Tourism Organization (WTO), since 2003 a specialized
agency of the United Nations, is the leading international organization in
the field of tourism. It serves as a global forum for tourism policy issues
and practical source of tourism know-how.
With its headquarters in Madrid, Spain, the WTO plays a central and
decisive role in promoting the development of responsible, sustainable and
universally accessible tourism, with the aim of contributing to economic
development, international understanding, peace, prosperity and universal
respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms.
In 2004, the WTO’s membership comprised of 144 countries, seven
territories and more than 300 affiliate members representing the private
sector, educational institutions, tourism associations and local tourism
authorities.
The history of the WTO dates back to 1925 when the International
Congress of Official Tourist Traffic Associations (ICOTTA) was set up in
the Hague. It was renamed the International Union of Official Travel
Organizations (IUTO) after World War II and became a technical, non-
governmental organization. As tourism grew and became an integral part
of modern life, it started to be clear that there was a need for more
effective tools to keep developments under review and to provide tourism
intergovernmental machinery especially equipped to deal with the
movement of persons, tourism policies and tourism impacts. In 1969 the
UN General Assembly passed a resolution recognizing the central role of
the IUTO in the field of world tourism and in cooperation with the existing
machinery within the UN. In 1975 the IUTO was renamed to the World
Tourism Organization and its headquarters moved to Madrid.
The General Assembly as its principal gathering meets every two years
to approve the budget and programme of work as well as to debate topics
of vital importance to tourism sector. The Executive Council, Regional
Commissions, Committees and the Secretariat deal with more day-to-day
issues. There are six Regional Commissions corresponding with the
division of the world into six regions for the purposes of the WTO. These
regions are as follows: Africa, the Americas, East Asia and the Pasific,
Europe, the Middle East and South Asia.
The WTO provides all stakeholders in tourism with methodological
materials and manuals to all important issues of the tourism industry. The
WTO also plays an important role in collecting tourism statistical data.
 26

Statistics provided by the WTO emphasizes the economic significance

of tourism at a global level. The complexity of tourism as an industry
makes it difficult to distinguish tourism activity from other economic
activities and to measure its contribution to the overall economy. This
leads to understanding the role of tourism. The WTO has played a key role
in improving the way in which tourism activity is statistically identified
and measured.
The European Union is involved in tourism through its directorates. One
of the activities strongly supported by the EU is cross border tourism
cooperation. Its Programme serves to encourage tourism product and
service providers on both sides of the country border to cooperate in
marketing their respective facilities. It is clear that there is a big potential
to further development of a wide range of tourism products on a cross-
border basis. Examples include walking and cycling routes, equestrian
trails, waterways development, touring and heritage routes, cultural
programmes, education and trasining. The EU also provides financial
assistance to different projects.

Answer the following questions. Do it in writing.

1. What is the leading international organization in the field of tourism?

2. What role does the World Tourism Organization (WTO) play in
tourism?
3. How many countries did WTO’s membership comprise in 2004?
4. What is the history of this organization?
5. How often does the General Assembly meet and what questions are
discussed during these meetings?
6. What are six Regional Commissions?
7. In what way is the European Union involved in tourism?
8. What does the EU Programme serve to?
9. Is there any potential to develop a wide range of tourism products on
a cross-border basis? (Give some examples).
 27

The main enterprises in a tourist sphere

Tourism industry is considered one of the toughest of all service
industries. It comprises a wide range of services provided by a number of
enterprises. The main enterprises of a tourist sphere are: travel firms,
which are divided into tour operators and tour agents; hotels of all types
and kinds – from 1 to 5 star hotels, motels, country inns, rest houses, youth
hostels, family hotels, camp-sites, etc; catering establishments –
restaurants, cafes, bars, cafeterias, coffee-shops; car rental agencies,
ferry and cruise companies, airlines.

Putting a package together

Package holidays, which are also known as package tours, include all of
the components necessary for a complete vacation:
 transport to and from the destination
 transfers between the airport / station / port and hotel
 food and accommodation at the destination
 other services such as a guide or holiday ‘rep’.
The professionals who bring these elements together to create a holiday
are called tour operators. They buy in advance and in bulk from the
principles: airlines, shipping lines, hoteliers, and so on. Because they buy
hundreds of seats or rooms from the principle, they pay a much lower price
for them than an ordinary member of the public. The tour operator then
converts this bulk into individual packages known technically as inclusive
tours (ITs). These are marketed to the consumer through travel agents or
by other systems.
In the past tour operators sold almost entirely through travel agents, but
today they also use direct selling. This strategy eliminates the travel agents
from the chain of distribution, and this reduces the final cost of the holiday
package because direct sell operators do not have to pay commission to a
travel agent. Many smaller tour operators, for example, prefer to deal
directly with their clients.
Not all tour operators sell the same type of holiday. The really big
operators, the mass market operators, produce low-cost holidays to
traditional sea, sun, and sand destinations like Spain, Greece, or Turkey.
Other operators limit their product to customers who want a very specific
type of holiday. These specialist operators sell adventure holidays,
 28

holidays for single people, holidays for motor-racing fans, and so on.
Domestic operators specialize in tours for people who want to holiday in
their own country, whilst incoming tour operators are specialists in
providing holiday packages to visitors coming from abroad. For example,
‘Vastravel’, an Italian incoming tour operator, sells tours of Italy to people
from the rest of the world.

Answer the questions.

1. Package holidays are created by tour operators and then sold through
the chain of distribution.
a. What are the components of a typical package holiday?
b. Who else forms part of the chain of distribution?
c. How many different types of tour operators are there?
2. There are two other terms that mean the same as package holiday.
What are they?
3. To buy in bulk means to buy something
a. on the Internet
b. in large quantities
c. in secret
d. a long time before you need to use it
4. Why is it important to buy in bulk in tour operation?
5. Why do you think specialist tour operators prefer to sell direct to
their clients?
6. If you could work for one of the four types of tour operator, which
would you choose?

Act out the dialogue.

Why choose a package holiday?

Interviewer Helga, what would you say were the advantages of a
package holiday?
Helga Well, I think the most obvious advantage is the saving in cost.
Package holidays are cheaper than the same holiday bought
independently. We’re tour operators, and so we’re buying in
bulk, and we buy in advance – sometimes as much as two years
in advance – and this means that we get good prices for airlines
seats, for hotel rooms, for accommodation in general, and for
 29

other services. The independent traveler simply cannot get prices

as good as ours. So yes. I’d say the low cost is the most
important advantage.
I Are there any other advantages?
H Well, yes, there are. Another important advantage of the package
holiday is that you know how much the holiday will cost before
you’ve left home. The accommodation, transport, transfers, a lot
of excursions – all this is included in the price. In fact, we call it
an all-inclusive price – the only other money you will spend is
buying souvenirs, drinks, or small things like that. With a family,
where the money they have might be limited, you know how
much the holiday’s going to cost you before you leave home.
I Can you give me one more reason for taking a package holiday?
H Well, another thing is the fact that it’s been organized by
professionals. So, as tour operators we’ve been to the
destination. We’ve confirmed that the hotel meets our standards
and we’ve checked with local guides.
I So this means that you won’t have any problems – you can relax,
and …
H Yes, you’re on holiday with nothing to worry about. And if you
do have a problem, there’s a rep, a representative of our
company, on site. So if you have any problems, there’s
somebody who speaks your language that you can go to and this
person will find a solution to your problem. And this also
produces peace of mind.

Answer the questions about the dialogue.

1. How far in advance do tour operators buy accommodation or
transport?
2. What things does Helga say that people will need money for on a
package holiday?
a. Buying drinks
b. Buying souvenirs
c. Car hire
d. Paying for taxis
3. According to Helga, what does a tour operator’s representative, or
‘rep’, do?Helga says that package holidays produce ‘peace of mind’.
What does she mean?
 30

A travel agent (A) is talking to a customer (C) about package holidays.

Learn their conversation by heart.

C So what does ‘from £599 all-inclusive’ mean?

A You pay one price for everything.
C Everything? Really?
A The price includes flights, transfers, and accommodation at the resort.
C What about meals?
A Let me explain. You can choose from different packages: room only,
bed and breakfast, half board, or full board. Room only is the cheapest
package, at £599, but you have to buy meals separately in the hotel
restaurants. This option also includes some self-catering apartments
with their own kitchen, but they are more expensive.
C So bed and breakfast is only breakfast?
A That’s right. Half board means breakfast and dinner are included, full
board includes all meals. You pay a higher price for full board, but it
usually works out cheaper overall. You can eat at any of the resort
restaurants.
C OK, and what else is not included in the £599?
A Optional excursions, and there’s a small charge for some facilities. For
example, a sports massage costs £10.
C I see. And are there any additional charges?
A Well, the price is based on two adults sharing a room. There’s a single
supplement for one person occupying a double room. That’s around
£200 – it depends on the room rate.
C And what about discounts?
A Well, there’s a 15% reduction for a third adult sharing a standard room.
And there’s a reduced rate of 25% for children under ten.
C And is this the price per person?
A Yes, that’s right. Would you like to take one of our brochures? Then
you can think about it.

Read the dialogue again. Decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. ‘From £599’ means £599 is the lowest price.
2. You can only eat in your own hotel.
3. You have to pay for organized trips.
4. It’s more expensive if you want a room alone.
5. Children over ten pay the full adult rate.
 31

Travel Agencies
Travel agencies are retail tourist companies which work directly with the
public. They are often called shops where customers buy different tourist
products. Travel agencies sell tour packages and individual tourist service.
Among tour packages are inclusive tours, charter inclusive tours, inclusive
tours with an excursion, coaching tours and cruising tours.
Travel agencies form groups of tourists to take part in ready-made
prepaid tours. They also make individual travel arrangements.
Among separate tourist services there are tickets, train tickets, boat or
ferry tickets, hotel rooms, car rentals, sightseeing tours, services of a guide
or a guide-interpreter. Travel agencies also offer travel insurances and
theatre tickets to their customers.
A typical travel agency has colorful brochures that illustrate the delights
offered by a wide variety of tours.
The large travel agencies are members of a chain.
There are travel agency outlets in hotels, airports, railway stations, big
department stores, at large factories and plants, etc. There is usually just
one travel clerk in an outlet. He does all the work. He answers phone calls,
meets customers in person, works on the computer, does paperwork, etc.
Of course, he keeps in touch with the head office and knows all up-to-date
information on tours and tickets. Offers and prices are the same in all
outlets of the travel agency.
The travel agent is in direct contact with the client, advising on resorts,
carriers, insurance and travel facilities in general, helping to plan
itineraries for customers, etc.
The travel agent must know the product well and be able to sell it.
Sometimes travel agents are invited to familiarization trips to become
familiar with the destination they are selling. A travel agent should be a
skilled psychologist as he should be able to discover what a client is
looking for. It’s a task of a travel agent to recommend a client the right
product at the right price.

Answer the following questions:

1. What kind of companies are travel agencies?
2. What tours do they sell?
3. What separate tourist services do they offer?
4. How does a typical travel agency look like?
 32

5. Where are travel agency outlets situated?

6. What work is a travel clerk in an outlet engaged in?
7. What is the purpose of a familiarization trip?
8. Do you agree that a travel agent should be a skilled psychologist?

Match the terms with their definitions.

high season people who package or put together tours
tourist attraction people selling all kinds of tourist products
to the general public
familiarization trip the period of heavy travel and higher fares
retail travel agents a percentage of the price of a sale that is
paid to the seller
visa transportation to and from airports, a
regular feature of a package tour
tourism destination a special kind of insured check issued by
companies or banks
commission a tour, often for sightseeing purposes, that
is accompanied by a guide
guided tour a travel document that gives permission for
a foreigner to enter another country
brochure a place or area to which people travel
transfer anything that can cause a tourist to visit an
area
traveler’s check a pamphlet usually put out for promotional
purposes
tour operators free trips to tourist destinations provided
for travel agents so that they can push
those areas
 33

Myths and realities about travel agencies

Many holidays are now sold on the Internet. Travel agencies around the
world are worried about this and are trying to explain why they are still
important. The American Society of Travel Agents (ASTA) is using the
Internet to do this!

Myth: Travel agents are just glorified sellers of airline tickets.

Reality: Travel agents are professionals who provide value by helping
save time and money. They act as travel consultants, offering personal
service for their clients. Clients who turn to an ASTA travel agent want the
advice and expertise of a professional who:
- analyses current promotions
- explains the small print, such as cancellation charges and restrictions
- makes recommendations on travel options
- gets problems solves.

Myth: The Internet will replace the need for travel agents.
Reality: When it comes to booking travel, travel agents are experienced
professionals. Travel agents sell
- 87% of all cruises
- 81% of all tours and packages
- 51% of all airline tickets
- 47% of all hotels
- 45% of all car rentals.
The Internet is a valuable resource, but it cannot replace the expertise,
guidance, and personal service of a travel agent.

Myth: Travel agents do not support use of the Internet.

Reality: Both consumers and travel professionals benefit from the
Internet. The Internet gives travelers the ability to shop for attractive offers
or packages. It has also helped many travel agencies, hotels, resorts, and
other travel-related suppliers to grow by bringing in business through
websites.

Myth: Young people do not understand or value the services of a travel

agent.
 34

Reality: Yes, they do. Of the people who use travel agents
- 43% are age 35-54
- 33% are age 18-34.
One of the winners of ASTA’s and Hyatt Hotel’s ‘Best Practices Program’
has made a point to educate students about the adventure of travel and of
being a travel agent as a career. This process has made young people
aware of the expertise required to be a professional travel agent.

Here are five popular myths about travel agencies:

1. All travel agencies are the same so it does not matter which one a
client uses.
2. Because of the Internet, people will not use travel agencies in the
future.
3. Travel agencies are against travel products being on the Internet.
4. Travel agencies are just shops that sell tickets for planes
5. Young people do not use travel agents.

Four of these myths are discussed in the ASTA article. Which four?

What is the reality for each myth according to ASTA?

How would you answer the fifth myth from ASTA’s point of view?

Translate into English:

Основними суб’єктами підприємницької діяльності у туризмі є
туристичні оператори (тур оператори), туристичні агенти (тур агенти)
та інші структури (дилери).
Тур оператори – це юридичні особи (підприємства), створені згідно
із законодавством України, основною діяльністю яких є організація
туризму, формування туристичного продукту, його реалізація та
посередницька діяльність із надання характерних і супутніх
туристичних послуг мандрівникам.
Важливу роль у туристичному бізнесі виконують тур агенти,
якими можуть бути і юридичні, і фізичні особи – суб’єкти
підприємницької діяльності, які здійснюють посередницькі функції з
 35

реалізації туристичного продукту тур операторів або окремих послуг

інших суб’єктів туристичного бізнесу.
Accommodation
Read the information about three different hotels from a guidebook.
Answer the questions.
1. Which countries are they in?
2. Which one would be most suitable for:
a. a businessman traveling to a meeting?
b. a family with two young children?
c. a student backpacking around Europe?

Hotel Heart ***

A family-run, traditional hotel in a stunning mountain location, with
views of the Alps and the town of Gstaad. Indoor swimming pool, large
garden, tennis, games room, babysitting service. Delicious local food. 35
comfortable spacious bedrooms. Mid-priced. D, B&B, TV, minibar,
wheelchair access.

Hotel Metro *
Centrally-located budget hotel with friendly staff. Close to Latin Quarter
and Sorbonne – clean, but quite noisy. Basic double and triple rooms –
many are small and cramped. Cheap dormitory beds also available.
Baggage lockers. Internet café. Room only or B&B.

Ambassador *****
Luxurious, modern hotel with discreet and professional staff. Central,
yet quiet, close to the financial district. Top floor suites have spectacular
views of Manhattan. Internet access in all rooms, two pools, gym, sauna.
Laundry / valet service. Extensive breakfast and dinner menu. Three bars.
24-hour room service. Limousine service to and from airport. D, B&B,
satellite TV, minibar, wheelchair access.

Discuss what kind of hotel would be most suitable for the following
guests.
1. A couple and three young children who want a cheap holiday.
2. A retired couple who have a lot of money.
 36

3. A group of people from a computer company at a conference, one

of whom is disabled.

Read the information again. Tick the facilities that each hotel has.

Restaurant ____ ____ ____

Swimming pool ____ ____ ____
Bar ____ ____ ____
Childcare ____ ____ ____
Fitness room / gym ____ ____ ____
Room service ____ ____ ____
Internet access ____ ____ ____
TV ____ ____ ____
Minibar ____ ____ ____
Laundry service ____ ____ ____
Baggage lockers ____ ____ ____
Disabled access ____ ____ ____

Work in groups. Use the Internet or magazines to find information

about places to stay. Get information about the:
 biggest hotel you can find
 cheapest bed and breakfast
 most unusual hotel
Report back to your group.

Reserving accommodation

The receptionist (R) at the Hotel di Lago is taking a telephone reservation

from a guest (G). Read the first part of the dialogue below.
In what order does the receptionist do his functions?

a. Ask when the reservation is for.

b. Ask for the guest’s name.
c. Give the price of the room.
d. Ask how many nights the guest is staying.
 37

e. Give the name of the hotel.

f. Ask for a credit card number.

R Hello. Hotel di Lago. Can I help you?

G Hello. I’d like to make a reservation, please.
R Certainly. When is it for?
G For the weekend of 25th and 26th June.
R OK. How many nights is that for?
G Three nights – Friday, Saturday, and Sunday.
R Is that a single or a double room?
G A double room, please. With a bathroom.
R All our rooms have a bathroom. That’s 120 euros per night, including
tax.
G That’s fine.
R Would you like a smoking or non-smoking room?
G Non-smoking, please.
R OK, so that’s a double room, non-smoking, for three nights, from
Friday 24th to Sunday 26th June.
G That’s right

Complete the second part of the dialogue with the words below.
confirmed credit card expiry date name

R Can I have your ………, please?

G Yes, it’s Dowling, Anita Dowling
R Sorry, can you spell that, please?
G Yes, it’s A-N-I-T-A, Dowling, D-O-W-L-I-N-G.
R OK. Can I take your ……… details?
G It’s a Visa card, number 4868 2658 3367 8896.
R Let me just check … 4868 2658 3367 8896.
G That’s right.
R And what’s the ……… ?
G It’s 10 / 12 – October 2012.
R OK, that’s all ……… for you, Ms Dowling. We’ll look forward to
seeing you on 24th June.
G Thank you very much. Goodbye.
 38

Jobs in a hotel and restaurant

Read the text and draw the organization chart for the hotel.

There are two assistant managers at the Hotel Ambassador in London,

and one of them is always on duty at busy times. The general manager has
overall responsibility, of course, and they report directly to her. They are
responsible for the day-to-day running of the hotel. They plan the work
schedules, manage the accounts, and deal with any problems to do with
staff or guests.
They have a staff of about 100 people. Basically, there are four
departments, each with its own manager.
Firstly, there’s front of house – that’s receptionists, the people who deal
with our guests on a daily basis. They check guests in and out, take
reservations, make sure that everyone is getting the service they need. The
reception team usually consists of a supervisor and two or three
receptionists, depending on the time of day. They report to the front of
house manager, who is also in charge of the porters and doormen.
Then there’s housekeeping – all the services to do with the rooms. The
head housekeeper is in charge of this. She has a team of maids who make
up the rooms, provide towels and bed linen, and ensure that everything is
ready for a new guest. She also looks after laundry, and cleaning in other
parts of the hotel.
The banqueting and conference manager organizes all the events that
take place in the hotel. That could be a one-day conference for twenty
people, or a big corporate function with hundreds of guests. He has a team
of event organizers who look after groups and parties. For smaller
functions they use their in-house catering staff, but for big occasions they
employ agency staff by the hour.
And finally, there’s the food and beverage manager.
The food and beverage manager is responsible for the restaurant and the
kitchen. Three people report directly to him: the head waiter, the bar
manager, and the head chef. The head waiter manages the specialist wine
waiters and the other waiters and waitresses. The bar manager is
responsible for the bar staff. The head chef managers the kitchens and
 39

under him comes the assistant or sous chef. Then any other chefs report to
the sous chef. Finally, the kitchen porters come at the bottom of that
reporting line.
A. Complete the sentences (1-5) with a phrase below. Look back at the
text to help you. More than one may be correct.

responsible for manage(s) in charge of

look(s) after report(s) to deal(s) with

1. The general manager is ……… the whole hotel.

She probably ……… the company managers.
2. The assistant managers ……… the general manager
They always ……… day-to-day problems.
3. The receptionists ………the guests
They have to ……… the front of house manager.
4. The head housekeeper ……… the cleaning.
She ……… a group of maids.
5. The events organizers are ……… parties and groups.
They ……… the banqueting and conference manager.

B. Complete the job descriptions (1-8) with the jobs in the food
and beverage department.
1. The ……… manages the bars on a day-to-day basis.
2. The ……… wash dishes and do very simple jobs in the kitchen.
3. The ……… serve drinks to customers, mix cocktails, and clean all
the glasses.
4. The ……… looks after the wines in the wine cellar, and advises
customers on which wine to choose.
5. The ……… manages the day-to-day running of the kitchen.
6. The ……… serve food to restaurant customers.
7. The ……… helps the head chef and looks after the kitchen staff.
8. The ……… is responsible for the restaurant and the waiting staff.

Work in pairs.
Use the Internet, magazines, or reference books to find out what these
people do in a hotel or on a cruise ship. Report back to your class and note
other interesting jobs you find.
 40

night porter, casino manager, purser, cruise director

The list of references:

1. Англійська мова для повсякденного спілкування: за ред.

В.К.Шпака. – Київ, 2003.
2. Baker S., Bradley P., Huyton J. Principles of Hotel Front Office
Operations. – Great Britain, The Bath Press,1994
3. Богуцький Ш. С. , Дюканова Н. М. Бізнес-курс англійської
мови. – Київ,1998
4. Венкель Т.В., Валь О.Д. Вдосконалюйте Вашу розмовну
англійську. Практичний курс англійської мови для студентів
вищих навчальних закладів. – Чернівці, 2003
5. Верба Г. В., Верба Л. Г. Довідник з граматики англійської
мови. – Київ: Вища школа, 1995
6. Практикум по английскому языку. Менеджмент: Учебное
пособие / Сост.:С.А.Колесниченко, Г.В.Варганова.- СПб. - 2001
7. Strutt P. English for International Tourism: Intermediate Students’
Book. – England, Pearson Education Limited, 2003
8. Jacob M., Strutt P. English for International Tourism: Course Book. –
England, Pearson Education Limited, 2003
9. Walker R., Harding K. Tourism: Student’s book. – Oxford:
University Press, 2006.
10. Хистова Л. М. Англійська мова менеджменту готельного
господарства та туризму. – Київ,1993.
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