F E...-GUl..AFf COUFISE..

1;I-OG/i/",IM~

· · c t t it i at e a wit t)
 .,
6 -RG -P4 RG-P4 -7
I

LlST OF CONTENTS
r----------- CHARACTERS --------,
LESSON PAGE

37 Surprises 11I 9

Grammar Review

S.: Sal/y Wilson M.: Mike Wilson Mrs. S.: Mrs. Strickland 38 A Suspicious Visitor 21
Prepositions - INTO, IN, OUT OF

) ( ) Interrogative pronoun - WHO

',"
39 Los Angeles or San Francisco? 31

Mr. F.: Mr. Franco Mrs. F.: Mrs. Franco Mr. S.: Mr. Spencer The comparative and superlative of

adjectives af three or more syl/ables

Mrs. S.: Mrs. Spencer

....
, B
Mr. S.: Mr. Strickland
, .•.. ~
~ /,

Att.: Attendant
40 At the Checkroom

The comparative

adjectives
and superlative

of one or two syllables

of

Order of adjectives (color + material + noun)

42

I!
"
,..-
'" '.
•••.•.I

"-r-
-.:r 41 Situations 55
Review of comparatives and supertattves
~
C.: Charlie Franco D.: Daniel Robinson La.: Laura Simon Irregular comparative and superlative

forms - BETTER THAN, WORSE THAN, THE BEST: THE WORST

) )
42 Jealousy 68

:,
The past continuous tense

B.: Bob R.: Ruth K.: Kathleen

43 The Missing Purse 78

fi
Possessive pronouns
-,:- The modal verb COULD
,

I'"' 44 Situations 89
Di.: Diana Mrs. R.: Mrs. Robinson Mr. R.: Mr. Robinson WOULD LlKE
 RG - P4 - Lesson 37 -'13

8 -RG -P4

LESSON PAGE

45 If I Win the Lottery ... 99

Conditional clauses - (IF + PRESENl) ..• WILL
Did you hear about ... ?

46 If I Had. .. I Would ... 108

Michelle: Hi, Ann. How are you?
Conditional clauses - (IF + PAST) ... WOULD
Ann: I'm fine. But what happened to you?

47 Situations 118 Michelle: I don't know. I woke up with a stift neck this morning.
I )
Review of if-clauses Ann: Did you go to the doctor?
)
Michelle: No. Maybe 1'11 go tomorrow.
48 Situations 126
Ann: Say, Michelle, do you have a cigarette?
Review of structures
Michelle: No, I quit smoking last month.
Ann: That's good. I should quit smoking too, but it's really difficult for
me.
Michelle: Say, did you hear about Linda's daughter?

Ann: Well, I heard she quit school.

Michelle: Right. Her boyfriend is a movie director and she says she
wants to be an actress.
Ann: I don't think she'lI be a very good actress.

Michelle: I don't either.

Ann: Oh, I have to go now. I have to get home before my son arrives
from school. Bye,'Michelle.
)
) Michelle: Bye, Ann.

FURTHER USE OF ENGLlSH

Observe this sentence:

The doctor said that I had to~ smok!g9'

verb -ve....JrL,-b""-in--:-:-th-e
to quit -ing form
 ____ -----------------jl RG _P4 _LesSOn 31-15

14 - RG - P4 - Lesson 37
11. EXPRESSING PROBABILlTY - MUST

GRAMMAR REVIEW
Look at this sentence.

I. GOING TO OR WILL?
athy's new boyfriend."
"Look. That mus t be C
Take a look at the sentences below.

My sister is working in New York. I'm going to visit her next month. Remember this: wnat we think is probably
We use must to express
true, based on the facts we have.

I don't know what to do tonight. H'rn, maybe 1'11go to the movies.

)
We use must for ali persons (singular and plural).

As Vou can see, both going to and will are used to express future time.

Remember this:
Use an infinitive without to after must.
We use going to to talk about definite plans or
Note ~
intentions. (A previous decision exists.)

We use will to talk about what we think will happen

when plans are not so definite. (No previous decision
exists; we usually decide at the moment of speaking.) Example:

JIM MUST BE REALLY

LATE FOR WORK
Note WiII is often used with maybe or probably. TODAY. HE DIDN'T PUT ON
HIS PANTS.

Example:
)
I'M GOING TO SEE
)
THAT MOVIE AT THE WELL, I THINK I'LL
ROXY TONIGHT. STAY HOME, THEN.

\
16 - RG - P4 - Lesson 37 RG -P4 -Lesson 37 -17

111.THERE WAS, THERE WERE FULL NEGATIVE CONTRACTEO NEGATIVE

Remember this: I was not I wasn't

Vou were not happy. VOUweren't
upstairs.
There was and there were are used to say that He was not He wasn't
She was not She wasn't
something existed in the past.
It was no! available. It wasn'! rare.

We were no! Weweren't

Vou were not around. Vou weren't afraid.
They were no! They weren't
SINGULAR PLURAL
AFFIRMATIVE THEREWAS THEREWERE
INTERROGATIVE WASTHERE ... ? WERE THERE ... ?
) )
THERE WAS NOT THERE WERE NOT
NEGATIVE
THERE WASN'T THERE WEREN'T V. OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS

Subjec!ive Objective
Example:
I me
Vou you
THERE WERE SOME
He him
OOUGHNUTS HERE.
She her
WHERE ARE THEY?
It it
We us
Vou you
I OON'T KNOW. They them

Example:

IV. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF THE VERB TO BE ) MY GIRLFRIENO OIOYOU? YESTEROAY, WHEN
THINKS I'M WHEN? SHE CALLEO VOU A
PERFECT. "PERFECT" 1010T.
AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I was Wasl
Vou were Wereyou
happy. late?
Hewas Washe
She was Was she
Itwas expensive. Wasit interesting?
Wewere Were we
Vou were tired. Were you early?
They w€!re Were they
18 - RG - P4 - Lesson 37
RG - P4 - Lesson 40 - 45

VI. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF REGULARVERBS

Remember this:

. We use the simple past tense to talk about actions

that occurred at a definite time in the past.

AFFIRMATIVE FORM
I
Vou
traveled to New Vork yesterday.
) ) Att.: There's a light gray one Mr. S.: Uh, uh. These sleeves are
He
here too. much shorter and this color's
She
Iighter.
It started to rain an hour ago.
We
Vou loved the show last night.
They

NEGATIVE FORM
I
Vou
did not (didn't) like the game yesterday.
He
She
Mrs. S.: Did you find your Mr. S.: Oh, itwas rny beige rancoan
It did not (didn't) stop at the White House yesterday. raincoat? I'm getting old. :
We
Vou did not (didn't) talk to the President last week.
They

) )
INTERROGATIVE FORM
I
Did you
, arrive before them last night?
he
she
Did it begin at 9 yesterday?
we
Mr. S.: 1'11get it later ... Mr. S.: ...or she'lI think I'm the
Did you play cards last Friday?
they craziest man in the world.
 RG - P4 - Lesson 41 - 57
46 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40

F/y ar Drive?
Dear Sandra,
Tim: Say, Sob, what are you planning to do on your vacation?
How are things going with you and John? I hope you are both fine.
Sob: I'm lhinking of traveling to San Francisco.
Harry and I are great. Last week we took a trip to Las Vegas. We wanted
to see ali the attractions that make Las Vegas one of the most Iasclnatlnç Tim: Sounds good. How are you going? Are you going by plane?

cities in the States. It was wonderful! We had a really good time. , ) ) Sob: No, I don't think so. It's too expensive to fly. I think 1'11drive.

Sandra, you know how Harry is always forgetting things. Well, let me Tim: Sut it's such a long way frorn here. And if you drive, you have to be
tell you what Harry did last night. We went out to have dinner. After dinner, careful ali the time. I know it's expensive to fly, but planes are faster,
safer, and more comfortable. Vou can relax and sleep during the
Harry went to the checkroom to get his lealher jacket.
trip. And you'lI have more time in San Francisco.
The attendant went into the checkroom and returned with a gray leather
Sob: OK. OK. You're right. I think 1'11leave my car in the garage and go
jacket in her hands. Harry looked at the jacket and said it wasn't his because by plane.
his jacket was longer and also newer than that one. The attendant found
another jacket and showed it to him, but it wasn't the right one either. This
jacket was a lighter gray than his jacket, and it was shorter too. Safes Ta/k

At that moment, I arrived at lhe checkroom and asked Harry abou\ his
Patty: Hey, where did you buy these jeans?
yellow raincoat. When he heard the word "raincoat," he remembered he was
Susan: I got them yesterday at Shotty's Department Store.
there to get his raincoat, not his jacket. We decided to leave the restaurant
Patty: They are really nice. Were they expensive?
immediately. I guess the attendant thought Harry was crazy.
Susan: Well, they were on sale, but the salesman said that they were the
Well, I don't think Harry is crazy, but I really think he is getti,ng old. I
best quality jeans on lhe rnarket-
\
have to go now, dear. Please write to me.
~ Patty: And you believe what salespeoplesay? Most of the time it's only
Love, sales talk. They just want to sell things.

Gladys Susan: Well, he seemed sincere.

Patty: Look! This pocket is torno And one leg is longe r than the other, That's
why they were on sale.

P.S. Harry wants you and John to visit uso Maybe we can go to Las Vegas Susan: Oh, no. 1'11have to take them back. Can you take back things that
together. were on sale?

Patty: Seatsme. Sut next time, I think you should look at what you're
buying and not [ust listen to what lhe salesperson says.
 68 - RG- P4 -lesson 42
58 - RG-P4 -lesson 41

RELAXY

Do you have a problem sleeping? Are you tense during the day at work? Do L ESSON42
your hands always shake when your boss calls you to say that your work
WORDS IN ACTION
needs, well, a little bit more attention?

Relax. We have the solution to your problem: RELAXY. RELAXY is the best
way for you to get a good night's sleep. UseRELAXY. You'lI sleep like a baby
andyou'lI have wonderful dreams. And because your work will be better, your
boss will sleep better too.

)
)
arm

bus terminal

WHA rs GOING ON?

)
)

The woman ls laughing. The young man ls waving to the

woman.
 RG - P4 - Lesson 37 - 11

TEXT
SURPRISES 11I
AN IMPOSSIBLE TASK

B055: Do these things before I 'B055: Tomorrow morning.

return .
Secretary: When will you return?

WHA T DID VOU SA Y?

Old lady: Did you hear a noise? Old man: No, I didn't. I didn't
hear any noise.

SUPERBABY

Woman on the right Didyour baby Woman on the left: He sure did.
jump into the pool?
12 - RG - P4 - Lesson 37

A POOR EXCUSE

Doctor: Cigarettesl? But you Patient: But, doctor, I got these

should quit smoking. for you.

LlGHTS, CAMERA, ACTlONf

Movie director: Actionl Movie director: What happened?

Actress: Heipl Helpl Actor: There was a bug under
my shirt.

WHA T'S GOING ON?

Man on the left: Whafs going on? Doorman: i don't know. I woke
up this morning with a stiff neck.
 RG -P4 - Lesson37 -19

VII. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Pay attenlion 10 the sim pie past tense of lhe following irregular verbs:

buy boughl
find found
gel gol
have had
leave left
come carne
fly flew
think thoughl

Example:
22 - RG - P4 - Lesson 38 RG - P4 - Lesson 38 -23

TEXT
A SUSP/C/OUS VIS/TOR

, ) )
M.: ... and went into their house. S.: How did he get the key?

S.: What seared you? A monster? M.: Aw, eut it out. There's a
strange guy across the street.

M.: Who knows? Perhaps he's a M.: Quiekl Let's eall the polieel
S.: What do you mean by M.: He went up to the Strieklands' thief. S.: No, wait.
strange? front door and stood there for a
M.: Suspieious. few moments.

~ I)

M.: Then he took a key ou! of his M.: ... unlocked the door ... S.: Mrs. Strickland is giving the Mrs. S.: I'm glad you repaired
pockét ... man a eheek. the loek so fast. Vou did a good
job.

,--
 RG - P4 - Lesson 38 - 25

24 ~ RG - P4 - Lesson 38

At this moment, the three men

heard a noise behind them.
When they looked, they saw
a terrible-Iooking old man
~Ftiir.. -=- dressedin black. Hesaid,
"Hi, guys. My name's Boog Eman
I) [pronounced Boogieman - the man was really
very ugly). I'm glad you repaired the lock."

Then he put his hand

into his pocket to take out some
money. But Frank Enstine didn't
wait for the money. He disappeared ;

quickly. And the two policemen ~ :

were in their car saying " ~,
"good-bye." Boog Eman
looked at the money in his hand
and said, "Don't people like -
Then Frank took his tools out of abag. There wasn't anyone around. He
money?"
used the tools to unlock the front door. Before he finished the job, he heard a
noise. It was a police car arriving. '
Two police officers,
new to the area,
got out of the caro
They asked Frank a Iot
of questions. "Who Note to students: Boogieman - legendary creature who takes away disobedient kids.
are you? What are
you doing here?
Who called you here?"
They thought he was
a thief. Frank
answered, "Hey, cut
it out. I'm not a thief.
 .,
RG - P4 - Lesson 38 - 27
26 - RG - P4 - Lesson 38

FURTHER USE OF ENGLlSH PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN - WHO
PREPOSITIONS
Look at Ihis senlence:

A. Into or in?
I Joe scared Ann. I
Who scared Ann? Who performed the action of the verb?
Joe did. Joe performed the action of the verbo
Joe is the subject of the sentence.
Observe Ihese examples: ( ) ) Now look at this dialogue:

Sam is walking lato lhe NowSam is in lhe

In the question, who refers to the subject Joe.
dining room. dining room.
In the question, the auxiliary did is not necessary. Why?
B. Into or out of?
ut When a question begins with who, and who refers to the
of Note ~ subject, the auxiliaries do, does or did are not used.

~
[!j Pay attenlion to the following questions and answers:
Observe Ihese examples: "Who 18 your English teacher?" "Mrs. Williams is."

"Who washes your clothes?" "My mother does."

"Who took you to the movies?" "My boyfriend did."

/ .J )

Here Sam is walking Here Sam is walking ou WHO UNLOCKED

into lhe dining room. of lhe dining room. MY CLOSET
DOORS?

Here Sam is running Here Sam is runningout

into lhe dining room. of lhe dining room.
28 - RG - P4 - Lesson 38
RG - P4 - Lesson 38 - 29

Compare these questions and answers:

"Who seared Ann?~ "Joe seared Ann." ~~V)

I "Who did Joe seare?" "Joe seared Ann." I@I~~
Now look at this sentenee again:
) )
I Joe seared Ann. I
Another way of asking the last question is:
Who was seared? Who reeeived the aetion of the verb?
Ann was seared. Ann is the reeeiver of the aetion of the verbo
Ann is the objeet of the sentenee. I Whom did Joe seare? I
Now look at this dialogue:
In eonversation, whom is not usually used as an interrogative pronoun.
Amerieans use who. However, if you are writing something formal, it's better
to use whom.

In the question, who refers to the objeet, Ann.

In the question, the auxiliary didis used. The auxiliary did is neeessary. Why?

When a question begins with who, and who refers to

Note
the obiect, the auxiliaries do, does, or did are used.
)
Take a look at this example:
32 - RG - P4 - Lesson 39 RG - P4 - Lesson 39 - 33

TEXT
LOS ANGELES OR SAN FRANCISCO?

) ) Mrs. F.: True, but there are more Mr. F.: Yeah, and it's more difficult
tourist attractions in L.A. than in to park in San Francisco.
Mr. F.: Tell us about your trip. Mr. S.: It was excellent. Las Vegas San Francisco.
is a fascinating city.

Mrs. S.: By the way, this seafood Mrs. F.: Well, crab, oysters, ...
Mrs. S.: Well, I left my heart in Mr. F.: I think LA. is more interesting is out of this world.
San Francisco'. than San Francisco.

() )

Mr. S.: But San Francisco is the Mrs. S.: And the most famous
most beautiful city in California. bridgein the world, the Golden Mrs. F.: ... lobster and shrimp ... Mrs. F.: ... are San Francisco
Gate Bridge, is in San Francisco. specialties.
34 - RG - P4 - Lesson 39
Come to Los Angeles on
your next vacation. In L.A.,
) )
you can visit world-famous
Hollywood Boulevard,
Beverly Hills, and Bel Air.
Don't be surprised if you
see a movie star walking
onthe street next to you in
Hollywood, the movie
capital of the world. And, of
course, bring the kids. Vou
have to take them to
Disneyland and Sea
World. Vou (and they) will
RG - P4 - Lesson 39 - 35
Come visit San Francisco,
the most beautiful
city in California.
In San Francisco, you can
visit the Golden Gate Bridge,
Chinatown, Fisherman's
Wharf, and Ghiradelli
Square. And San Francisco
is also famous for its
seafood restaurants where
you can have
out-of-this-world specialties
like crab, oyster, shrimp, and
lobster. We're sure that
when you leave The City,
you too will say: "lleftmy
heart in San Francisco."
 RG - P4 - Lesson 39 - 37

36 _ RG - P4 - Lesson 39
PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
FURTHER USE OF ENGLlSH
I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE

Pay attention to this: .

\ e countable or uncountable.
Look at these sentences:

. b and lobster can b . I they are

The words shflmp. era . erab and lobster as anima s.
When we refer to shflmp, '
MRS. FRANCO'S SEAFOOD
countable. IS FANTASTIC.

- I) )
one lobster - two lobsters

one crab - two crabs

one shrimp - two shrimp *

d sh·rimphas an irregular plural formo

.• Notice tnat the wor. .
MRS. SPENCER SAID, MRS. SPENCER SAID THAT
"MRS. FRANCO'S SEAFOOD MRS. FRANCO'SSEAFOOD
d they are always
·mp lobster and erab as too , IS FANTASTIC." WAS FANTASTIC.
h
When we refer to s fi. _

\ uncountable.
\ We are going to have 'obster for dinner.
\
\

PAM

Mrs. Spencer said something about Mrs. Franco's seafood.

We can tell someone else what Mrs. Spencer said in two ways:
Ruth used direct speech. We use direct speech when we repeat the exact
words that a person said, as if that person were speaking.

Pam used indirect speech. We use indirect speech to tell someone what
anothsr person sald, withóuf repeating that person's exect words.

\
 RG - P4 - Lesson 39 - 39
38 - RG - P4 - Le_sson 39

11. THE COMPARATIVE FORM - ADJECTIVES OF ~OR

Now look at this example:
MORE~L~
Dlrect Speech: Dave said, "The Stricklands are at home."

Indlrect Speech: Dave said that the Stricklands were at home. Compare these santences:

Compare these sentences: NON-COMPARATIVE

San Francisco is interesting. SENTENCE
L

Mr. Clark said, "Peter IIves in London." D1RECT SPEECH

San Francisco is more interesting than L.A.
( ) )
Mr. Clark said that Peter lived in London. ~~
Observe the formation of the comparative in this diagram:

Remember this:
In indirect speech, use the past tense of the verb if the
original statement was in the present tense.
adjective of
three syllables

In indirect speech, do not use quotation marks.

Remember this:
We form the comparative of adjectives with three or
Look at these sentences again: more syllables by adding more before the adjective
~ and than after it.

Mrs~Spencer said, "Mr~Franco's seafood iS] DIRECT SPEECH

fantastic." We use the comparative when we are comparing two
Note ~ items.

Mrs. Spencer said that Mrs. Franco's seafood )

) Look at this example:
was fantastic.

Mrs. Spencer said Mrs. Franco's seafood

was fantastic.

Remember this:

In indirect speech, tha word lhat aftar the verb

introducing tha speaker's words is usually omitted.
40 - RG - P4 - Lesson 39

111.THE SUPERLATIVE FORM - ADJECTIVES OF THREE OR

MORE SYLLABLES

Compare these sentences:

San Francisco is more intEirestingtha" L.A. @~PA~A~VE)

San Francisco is the most interesting city
inCalifornia.
rsüPER~,
~

Observe the formation of the superlative in this diagram:

San Francisco is

adjective of
three syllables
Remember this:

We form the superlative of adjectives of three or more

syllables by adding the most before the adjective.
~

Note ~ We use the superlative when we are comparing one

item to the rest of a group.

Look at this example:

YOU'RE THE MOST EVERY DAY THERE'S LlKE THIS NEW

FANTASTIC SOMENEW DRESS, FOR
REASON FOR ME LlKEWHAT? EXAMPLE.
HUSBAND
INTHE TO LOVEYOU
WORLD! MORE. N
44 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40 RG -P4 - Lesson 40 -47

text PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE

AT THE CHECKROOM
Look at these sentences:

MA. MILLER WANTS TO LEAVE HIS

DOGHERE.

) )
Mr. S.: I left my gray leather Att.: Let me see. 1'11be right
jacket here yesterday, but I lost back.
the ticket.
THE ATTENOANT SAIO THAT
MR. MILLER WANTED TO LEAVE HIS
OOGTHERE.

Att.: Here vou are, sir. Your Mr. S.: No, my jacket is longer
gray jacket. Compare these sentences:
than this one.

) ) The attendant said, "Mr. Miller wants to leave ~~~

his dog here."

The attendant said that Mr. Miller wanted to ~

leave his dog there.

Remember this:
In indirect speech, we use there when here was.used
Mr. S~: And it's newer. in the original statement.
Mr. S.: This jacket's torn.
48 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40
RG - P4 - Lesson 40 - 49

11. lHE COMPARAllVE FORM - ADJECTlVES OF ONE OR TWO Now look at this:
SYLLABLES
Bob is fat, but Jerry is fatter than Bob.
Compare these sentences:

\ This coat is new. \ NON-COMPARATIVE SENTENCE Look at how we form this comparative:

This coat is newer than my coat. COMPARATIVE SENTENCE

This street is quiet. NON-COMPARATIVE SENTENCE

) )
11a one-syllable adjective ends in or is formed by a
This street is quleter than that one. COMPARATIVE SENTENCE consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the final
Note
consonant and add er to form the comparative 01the
adjective.
Observe the formation of the comparative in this diagram:

Look at another example:

John is thin, but Margaret is thinner than John.
adjective 01
one syllable
Look at this now:

Celia is pretty, but Donna is prettier than Celia.

adjective 01
\WO syllables
Look at how we lorm this comparative:
Remember this:
We form the comparative of adjectives of one or two
sy/lables by adding er to the end of the adjective and
) )
by putting than after it.

Look at this example:

HE'SALWAYSTEWNG METO I GUESS VOU HAVE TO BE
THATS MY FATHER ... 'If the adjective ends in a consonant f y, we drop the
OLDER THAN I AM TO
AFTER A DAY ATTHE
DO MY HOMEWORK SO I CAN Note
GET A JOB _..,...,,_~ UNDERSTAND ,;=::~_
IT;.... y and add ier to form the comparative.
OFFICE.,_~_
LlKE HIS.

Take a look at this other example:

Albert is craz)', but Gilbert is crazier than Albert.
 RG - P4 - Lesson 40 - 51
50 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40

Pay attention to this sentence: Look how we form the superlative in this diagram:

This room is large, but that room is larger than this one.

house on this street.

Pay attention to how we form this comparative: adjective ai

one syllable

This room is large, but that room is large

) street in the neighborhood.

adjective )
ending in e

adjective 01
two syllables

If the adjective ends in e, just add r to form the

Note
comparative.
Remember this:
We form the superlative of adjectives of one or two
syllables by putting the beforethe adjective and est at
Take a look at this example: the end of it.

My neighbor Tirn is nice, but his brother Tom is nicer than Tlm,

Look at another example:

111. THE SUPERLATIVE FORM - ADJECTIVES OF ONE ORTWO Sarah is the youngest girl in the class,
SYLLABLES

Now look at this:

Compare these sentences:
) )
Vince is fat, but his brother Ted is the fattest person in his family.
My house is smaller than your house. ~

My house is the smallest house on this street. ( ~~ Take a look at how wc form the superlative in this case:

This street is quieter than that one. CC§~

This is the quietest street in the neighborhood. ~
 RG - P4 - Lesson 40 - 53
52 - RG - P4 - Lesson 40

Look at the example below:

With one-syllable adjectlvas that end in or are formed by
a consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the final THE NICEST SUMMER DAY
Note ~

" ri
consonant and add est to form the superlative. ALWAYS FALLS ON A
MONDAY.

Take a look at this example:

'O-
/'

Lr( I \
-

Terry is the thinnest person I know.

~

) )
Pay attention to this:

IV. ORDER OF ADJECTIVES

Take a look at this sentence from the lesson:

I left my gray leather jacket here yesterday.

If the adjective ends in a consonant + y, we drop the y
Note ~ and add iest to form the superlative.

As vou can see we have two adjectives (gray, leather) referring to lhe same
noun (jackel). How do we place these adjectives?

Look at this other example:

Remember this:
Marilyn is the craziest girl in our classroom.
Put (he adjective referring 10 color (in Ihis case, gray)
before lhe adjeclive referring to material (Ieather).

Now look at this:

) I )

COLO R MATERIAL NOUN

room in the house.
gray leather jacket

adjective lhal
ends in e

Anolher example:

Mom bought me a yellQw nylon jacket.

If the adjective ends in e, we just add st to form lhe
Note ~ superlative.
 RG - P4 - Lessen 41 - 55

L ESSON41
TEXT
SrrUATlONS

ARE BLONDS STRONGER?

Charlle: In myopinion, brunettes Jean: Maybe. But be careful.

are more attractive than blonds. Blonds are stronger.

VACA T10N PLANS

Woman: I'm going to drive to Man: Why don't you go by

Denver on my vacation. plane? It's faster and. more
Man: It's a long way from here. comfortable.
Woman: Yeah, and more
expensive too.
 AG -P4 -Lesson41 - 59
56 - AG - P4 - Lesson 41

WHO'S TENSE AROUND HERE? FURTHER USE OF ENGLlSH

FAR FROM or A LONG WAY FROM?

Man: Planes are the safest
means of transportation. Relax
and try to sleep a little bit.
Woman: How can I if you don't
stop shaking?
It's important to rememberthat we generally use far from when we qualify it using
an intensifier or when the sentence is negative. If there are no intensifiers or the
sentence is affirmative, we usually use a long way from. Observe these four
examples:
J )

SA TURDA Y NIGHT DREAMS

My house is nof far trem the airport.

My house is very far from the airport.

My house is 50 far from the airport.

My house is a long way from the airport.

Mr. Brown: Do you think this Mrs. Brown: Well, I slept better
film was better or worse than the during this one.
one we saw last week?

SALES TALK
) )

Salesperson: These are the Mrs. Wilson: Are you sure they're
best quality jeans on the market. not the worst?
 60 - RG - P4 - Lesson 41
RG -P4 -Lesson 41 - 61

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR Read this sentence:

I. IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE FORMS Tina's grades are good, but my grades are better than Tlna's,
Compare these sentences:
Another way of saying this sentence is:
I I
joe is a good student.

Joe is a better student lhan Peter.

----
NON-COMPARATIVE SENTENCE

COMPARATIVE SENTENCE
Tina's grades are good, but my grades are better.

In this sentence, Tina's grades are being compared to my grades. Because

Remember this: both items being compared come before better (the comparative form of the
r ) I ) adjective), than and its complements may be omitted.
the comparative of the adjective good is better.

Remember this:
Compare these sentences now: When the adjective comes between the items being
compared, we use than directly after the adjective.
Carl is a bad driver.
~ON-COMPARATIVE SENTENCE
When both items being compared come before the
Carl is a worse driver lhan Ann. comparative of the adjective, than and its
complements may be omitted.

Remember this:

The comparative of the adjective bad is worse.

11. IRREGULAR SUPERLATIVE FORMS

Take a look at this example: Compare these sentences:

1BOUGHT THI5 PICTURE BUT OH, YEAH, NOW 1T'5
NOW 1THINK 11'5 50 5TRANGE. MUCH BETTER. ) )
I Joe is a good student. I NON-SUPERLATIVE SENTENCE

Joe is the best student in class.

Remember this:

The superlative of the adjective good is best.

 62 - RG - P4 -lesson 41 RG - P4 -lesson 41 - 63

Compare these sentences:

Two-syllable
adjectives with
Carl is a bad driver. er or more
NON-SUPERLATIVE SENTENCE cleverer clever
quieter quiet
than more than
commoner common
Carl is the worst driver I know. sincerer sincere
SUPERLATIVE SENTENCE

Remember this: Remember this:

We form lhe comparative of some two-syllable
) adjectives by adding er to the end of the adjective and
The superlative of the adJ'ective bsd i ) by putting than after it.
IS worst.

Take a look at this example:

We form the comparative of some two-syllable
I GOT A NEW MAZDA I
adjectives by putting more before the adjective and
than after it.
THINK IT'S THE BEST TOO BAD YOU'RE
CAR IN THE WORLDó THE WORST DRIVER.

We form the comparative of a few two-syllable

adjectives in two ways:
adjective + er + than
or
more + adjective + than

J'

)
Now study the charts below: ) Now look at the charts below:

, Two-syllable Two-syllable Two-syllable

adjectives Two-syllable adjectives adjectives
with er adjectives with est with most
withmore
famous
famous tired
crazier lired craziest exact
simpler exacl the simplest the most recenl
than
nobler more, recenl noblest honest
than
honesl urgent
urgent
64 - Rd - 1'4 - Lesson 41 RG - P4 - Lesson 41 - 65

Two-syllable
adjectives with REMEMBER THIS?
est or most

cleverest clever
the quietest quiet good man bad man hot water cold water
commonest the most
common
sincerest sincere

Remember this:
We form the superlative of some two-syllable
adjectives by adding est to the end of the adjective.
) )
dark clothes

We form the superlative of some two-syllable

adjectives by putting the most before them.

We Iorrn the superlative of a few two-syllable

adjectives in two ways:
the + adjective + est
or long hair short hair weak man
the most + adjective

j )

old car new car young woman old woman

66 - RG - P4 - Lesson 41 RG - P4 - Lesson 42 - 69

TEXT
JEALOUSY

Blowing in the Wind

-~/~
\~~.,-:: ~tj;fQ
\~\,f-~,
~
11\\1f]
:{li
~~-'?-
~~,J;'I,--,
.•. '\
- 'ç.....;;.:
"
_-=" if
._ -Xi
How rnarty' roads'must
~'1j ~ ~

a man walk <lIo'wn 1 JI)

Before you cal! him a man?

Yes, and how man~ seas musl lhe while dove s~-e-
Before she sleeps m lhe sand?
Yes, and how many limes musl a cannonballfly'll
Before it forever is banned?
v
:~ ~

~
~I~Y~
VtU \
Á~~~~)'"
~
li)
Jc. .~í)
r
('-"
'?n' _"y
f)
) )

D.: Your fiancé was at the bus

terminal today.
La.: Oh, real!y?
doing there?
What was he

The answer, my friend, is blowing in lhe wind~~~ \\(~):~t,

lhe answeris blowlng in lhe wind. J' ~.;:(~' 11, '.
Yes, and how many years can a mounlain exist t:S
~!t
1\/ l
Before it is washed to the sea?
Yes, and how many years can some people exi t- (~'I>' 7
Before they're allowed to be fr~e? Uo'tt; I
Yes, and how many times can a man turn'hls tfeatL. \
And pretend that he just doesn't see? ~
The answer, my friend, is blowing in the "WiP$l '\ :\.J '
D.: When we saw him, he was La.: Was he alone?
The answer is blowing in the wind. buying a ticket. D.: No, he wasn't.

!~ )

dove-
a711
cannonb ..• --b-omb
.....
Before it forever is banned - Before the war is prohibiled
allowed - permittEid D.: He was with a redhead. D.: Yeah, they were talking and
La.: A redhead?1 laughing.
 AG - P4 - Lesson 42 - 71
I

\ 70 _ RG - ,4 - ",,,,n "

An Old Friend

Andrew: Mom, do you remember Paul? He was my classmate in high

school.

) Mrs. Windsor: I think so. Wasn't he that tall, handsome guy?

Andrew: Ves. And he was the most intelligent student in our class.
I waved to hlun, she
O.: Whe,d\9 on to his armo
Mrs. Windsor: What about him?
was no I

Andrew: Well, I saw him this morning at the bus terminal.

Mrs. Windsor: Oh, reallyl What was he doing there?

I\ndrew: He was taking a bus. He looks a little bit older. He was with
a tall, blond woman.

lrs. Windsor: Who was she?

'nteresting chato rdrew: I don't know. I think she was his girlfriend because of the way
O • We nad an I .
She was really nlce. she was holding his armo
O.: ...and ne
ner. '. Windsor: Did you talk to them?

lrew: No, when I saw them, they were getting on the bus. I just
waved to them.

Laura- Are you

O.: Take ifth~a~~nt Sophie7
• Who was she7 jealouS Q IS
La..

\\ .
72 - RG - P4 -t- Lesson 42 RG - P4 - Lesson 42 - 73

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR 11. THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. Affirmative form

I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE Look at this sentence:

I was talking to Sue when Sob arrived.

Look at these sentences:
Was talking is in the past continuous tense. How is this tense formed?

was
=r:
to be in lhe past + -ing lorm 01lhe main verb

) Remember this:
To form the past continuous tense, we use the verb
to be in the past and the -ing form of the main verbo
~

Now look at another sentence in the past continuous tense:

John was st1udYing when his fathe=.:.ome.

longer action shorter actíon

Remember this:
When two actions, one longer than the other, óccur at
the same time in the past, the longer action is
expressed in the past continuous tense and the
shorter action is expressed in the simple past tense.

Look aI Ihis olher exarnple:

Mrs. Wilson said, "I think Sob has a Mrs. Wilson said that she thought
(D )
class at 2." Sob had a class at 2.
Mrs. Srown said, "Vou are right." Mrs. Srown said that she was right.

Remember this:

In indirect speech, we use he/she when we used I/you

in the original statement.
Sue: It was like a drearn, Sue: ...when Karla came and
Morn. Sob and I were talking took him away.
in the park ...
74 ~ RG - P4 - Lesson 42 RG - P4 - Lesson 42 - 75

B. Interrogative form c. Negative form

Compare these sentences:

Compare these sentences:

He was eating when vou got home.1 AFFIRMATIVE FORM --, ~

He was buying tickets when i saw him.1 ~RM)

I Was he eatlng when vou got home? I He was nol buying tickets when I saw him. ~

) )
Now take a look at how we form the interrogative sentence: Look at how we form the negative sentence:

I~he ! eating when vou got homear-

•...... '"
.... --'
Remember this:
Remember this:
We form the negative by placing not after the verb to be.
We form the interrogative by inverting the verb to be
and the subject.

Look at this example:

Take a look at this example:

Woman on lhe left: Butwhat was he doing when the thief broke
the window? Tommy: I think vou have a hearing problem, Mr. Charmlchael...
Woman on lhe righl: Guessl That's the third time my mom wasn't calling me.
 78 - RG - P4 - lesson 43
76 - RG - P4 -lesson 42

Now look at this:

LESSON43
WORDS IN A CTION
Mary was wrltlng a letter when Hugh arrived.

Hugh arrived when Mary was writlng a letter.

The shorter action can come before or after the longer (

Note ) )
action.

mushrooms pepperoni pizza

pizza purse

l
 RG - P4 - lesson 43 - 79

TEXT
THE M/SS/NG PURSE

K.: How was Monica's birthday R.: It was pretty good, except for
party? a small incident.

B.: When Pam was saying B.: We looked everywhere, but

good-bye,she realized her purse. we couldn't find it.
was missing.

DI.: Do you think someone took R.: Well, as a matter of fact,

it during the party? when Linda was leaving, she
took it by mistake.
 RG - P4 - Lesson 43 - 81
80 - RG - P4 - Lesson 43

( ) Steve: Say, Tom, did you go to Stella's Halloween party?

R.: Later on, she turned up at K.: Oh, Undais so absent-minded. )
the party again, looking very
embarrassed. Tom: Yes, I did.

Steve: How was it?

Tom: It was pretty good, except for one small incident.

Steve: Whathappened?

Tom: When Patrick was ready to go home, he realized his house keys

were missing. We looked everywhere, but we couldn't find them.

Di.: Well, I'm glad everything
turned out OK.
Clerk.: Is the pepperoni pizza Steve: How did Patrick get into his house?
'yours, ma'am?
K.: No, it's hers.
Tom: Well, as a matter of fact, when Cathy was leaving, she took Patrick's
keys by mistake. They were next to her purse and she thought they

were hers. Later, she turned up again with the keys in her hands.

She was really embarrassed.

Steve: Oh, Cathy is really absent-minded. Well, I'm glad to know

everything turned out OK.

K.: The cheese pizza is theirs. K: Mine is the mushroom.

 RG - P4 - Lesson 43 - 63
t's-: Lesson4J
Now look at another example where the same rules apply:

Direct Speech: Mr. Smith said, "This is the most expensive car we have."

Indirect Speech: Mr. Smith said thatthat was the most expensive car they had.

11. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

U j Pay attention to the following conversation:

"How was your day?"

k.: Oh U -
, nda ts So ab -~.J
"Fine. And how was yours?"
Sent-rninded. (

In the second sentence, the possessive pronoun yours is replacing the

possessive adjective your and the noun day.

Take a look at the chart:

THE SALESPERSON SAIO

THATTHATWAS THE ONLY

BLACK PURSE THEY HAO. Personal Possessive Possessive

Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns
.speech to indirect speech.
I my mine
C1erk· I
YOurs" S the Pe mly black vou your yours
I{. ,rna'arn? pperoni .
'. No, it's h ' PIZZa
ers. he his his

rs the only she her hers

it its --
we our ours
speech, we use that when this was used in
11statement.
Vou your yours

;t speech, we use they when we or Vou were they their theirs

the original statement.
Note: There is not a possessive pronoun corresponding to it.
1(. M'
'. me is the
rnUShroorn.
 RG - P4 - Lesson 43 - 85
84 - RG - P4 - Lesson 43

Remember this:
111. THE MODAL VERB COULD
A possessive pronoun is used to replace a possessive
adjective + a noun. A. Affirmative form

Look at these sentences:

Now take a look at these examples:

I Tom can run 100 meters in 20' seconds·1 ~

1THINK THI5 15

YOURS.
) When Tom was 21, he could run 100 meters in 12 seconds. ~
( )

Remember this:

I Could is the past tense of cano

~

The form could is used for ali persons (singular and

Note ~ plural).

Look at these examples:

When I was a child, I could watch TV ali day long.

She could sing very well when she was a kid.

! )'

B. Interrogative form

Now look at these sentences:

I Tina could read when she was four. I ~~

Could Tina read when she was four?

1
 . ,
86 - RG - P4 - Lesson 43 RG - P4 - Lesson 43 - 87

Look at the transformations: Look at the examples:

Ic€o~~
... Tina " read when she was four ®!== When I was 21, I could not speak Italian, but I could speak English .

.••. - -""" When Bob was 10, he could not go to school alone .

Remember this:
Now look at this:
To form the interrogative, we place could before the
subject. ' I couldn't hear what he said.

) Look at the transformations:

Look at the example:

Could you find your watch? 1.1 ~ see Johnny at the party.1

II ~ see Johnny at the party.1

C. Negative form
Remember this:
Compare these sentences:
The contracted form for could not is couldn't.

I My grandfather could hear very welL I ~

Look at the example:
I My grandfather could not hear very welLI ~
MY SON IS CAMPING OUT

ANO I WAS SO WORRIEO

) ) THAT I COULDN'T SLEEP

Look at the transformations: LASTNIGHT.

hear very welL

Remember this:
To form the ne~ative, we place not immediately after
could. .
82 - AG - P4 - Lesson 43

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE

Look at these sentences:

r---------------------------~
THIS IS THE ONLY BLACK
PUASE WE HAVE.

THE SALESPERSON SAIO, THE SALESPEASON SAIO

"THIS IS THE ONLY BLACK THATTHATWAS THE ONLY
PURSE WE HAVE." BLACK PUASE THEY HAO.

Take a look at the chançes trom direct speech to indirect speech.

The salesperson said, "This is the only black

purse we have."

The salesperson said that that was the only

black purse they had.

Remember this:
In indirect speech, we use that when this was used in
the original statement.

In indirect speech, we use they when we or you were

used in the original statement.
 RG - P4 - Lesson 44 - 91
90 - RG - P4 - Lesson 44

TEXT
S/TUATIONS
WANT TO COME ALONG?·
STlLL IN DEBT

Manager: What can I do foryou?
Cllent: I would like to borrow
$9,754.
Manager: What for, sir?
) )
Young man: We're going roller- Young woman: I'd like 10, but I
Cllent: To pay off my last bank skaling lonight. Do you wanl 10 can't. I have 10 study for lhe SAT.
loan. come along?

HOW DISAPPOINTlNG!
~r===~~~~ --~~~----~

THEY'RE REALL Y LOSING

. Ai
Husband: Here we are, honey. Wife: Oh, Joe, it's... it's gorgeousl
Our new house.
) )

Wife: Would you like somelhing Husband: Give Ihem a double

10 drink? Scolch. They need it. We're
bealing Ihem 2,98010740.

Husband: Sorry 10 disappoinl

you, honey, but you're looking at
lhe wrong house. Ours is that one.
92 - R(3 - P4 - Lesson 44 AG - P4 - Lesson 44 - 93

FURTHER USE OF ENGLlSH

NUMBERS

A manin debt
Look at the way we say numbers composed of four digits:

Mr. Winslow: Who's that man over Ihere?

1,000 - One thousand
Ms. Thompson: Oh, Ihal's:Mr. Williams. He's one of our clienls. He's usually
in debt.
Mr. Winslow: Why is he lalking 10 Mr. Jensen?
) ) 1,200 - One thousand, two hundred

Ms. Thompson: He wanls 10 borrow some money. Probably 10 pay off his lasl 1,230 - One thousand, two hundred and thirty
loan.

1,235 - One thousand, two hundred and thirty-five

Look at the examples:

Would you like to join us?

Daniel: We're going roller-skaling lonigh\. Would you like 10 come "How much does this car cost?"
along? "ltcosts $8,474 (eight thousand, four hundred and seventy-four doliars)."
Larry: I'd like 10, but I can't. Daisy and I are going 10 play cards wilh •
Alfred and his wife. There were 5,456 (five thousand, four hundred and fifty-six) people at the game.
Daniel: Why don't you play cards tornorrow nighl? Come roller-skaling
with us lonight.
Larry: No. We wanl 10play cards lonighl because lasl nighl thsy beat
Remember that with numbers composed of four digits that end in two zeros, we
us 3,45010 750. ) ) can also say the first two digits and then the word hundred.

1,500 - One thousand, five hundred

or
How disappointing!
1,500 - Fifteen hundred

Mrs. Williams: Tom. Vou got a 100 on your tes\. Greal!

Tom: Sorry 10disappoinl you, Mom, bul Ihis is Mike's test. I gol a 55.
 RG - P4 - Lesson 44 ....,95
94 _ RG - P4 - L9SSOIl 44
Observe this chart
PRACT\CAL GRAMMAR FULL CONTRACTED
FORM FORM
1 would I'd
l. WOULDUKE Vou would You'd
like some Scotch.
He would He'd
She would She'd
A. Affirmative form
It would be a good solution.
We would We'd
Compare mese sentences:
Vou would You'd like to pay off the debt.
They would They'd
\NFORMAL REQUEST )
, want a steak.
Take a 1001< at the following example:

, wou'd nke a steal<. WHY?

, WHATDID
SHEDO
HISTIME?
Remember this:
When asking for something, it's more polite to use
'" would lil<e•.. " than "I want •.. "

Now compare these sentences:

B. Interrogative form
I would III<e a sleak. ~
Compare these sentencés:

I'd Uke a steak. [ She would IIke a steak.1 AFFIRMATIVE FORM

Lool< at the transformations: I Would she IIke a steak? I INTERROGATIVE FORM

Now look at the transformations:

\would Uke
she llke a steak
~asteak.
- - -.,,"'
96 - RG - P4 - Lesson 44 RG - P4 - Lesson 44 - 97

Remember this: Look at the transformations:

The interrogative is formed by Inverting would and the

subject.
II~ tOliveinabigcity·1

Look at another example:

ANOWHATWOULD I~to livein a big city.

VOU LIKE WITH VOUR
LOBSTER?
1.1)
I I

Note ~ I Wouldn't is used with ali persons.

Look at this example:

C. Negative form
I WOULDN'T LIKE TO SE
SHEILA WHEN HER FATHER
Pay attention to this sentence:
SEESTHIS.

[ I would no. lik. to work 00 satumays,j ~

Remember this:

I I j
The negative is formed by placing not after would.

Now compare these sentences:

I would not like to llve in a big city.

.' .
'.
I wouldn't like to live in a big city.
100 - RG - P4 - Lessen 45
RG - P4 - Lessen 45 -101

TEXT
IF I WIN THE LOTTERY. ..

" SUPER I.OTTO

----.----,~~~~
11921
'1.2"1243242 243242

)
Mrs. R.: I bought you a lottery D.: My numbers are 1, 19, 21, D.: We'lI travei ali over Europe. C.: Sorry, Dan. Forget about Alice.
Then we'lI go to Asia, Africa, and
ticket. 24, 32, and 42.
South America.
D.: Great! C.: Good luck.

C.: The prize is $1,000,000. C.: What will you do il you win ali D.: Why?
that money? D.: Well, then, I can pick someone
C.: She'lI only go if she can take else to go with me.
her older brother.

) )

D.: 1I I win, 1'11 take a trip around C.: II Alice wants to go with you,
the world. will you take her? C.: Who?
D.: 01 course I will. D.: Maybe Click. He doesn't have
an older brother.
 RG - P4 - Lesson 45 - 103
102 - RG - P4 - Lesson 45

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR
I. INDlRECT SPEECH PRACTICE

Look at these sentences:

A lottery ticket

Henry: My mother bought a lottery ticket lor me.

That was a good idea.

( ) )
Camilla:

Henry: My numbers are 5, 12, 22, 33, 37, and 46 and the prize is
$2,000.000!

Camilla: What will you do il you win ali that money?

Henry: II I win, 1'11 travei to Europe, Asia, and Alrica.

Camilla: Will you travei to South America too?

Henry: Yes. As a matter 01 lact, I think 1'11 take a trip around the world.

Pam sald, "ls your brother traveling Pam asked Bob ir his brother was
Camilla: Will you go alone? around Europe,Bob?" traveling around Europe.

Henry: No, 1'11 probably take someone with me.

Look aI lhe Iransformation:

Camilla: Who will you take il you win? Pam said, "Is your brother traveling around Europe, Bob?"

Henry: 1'11 take my mother. ) ) l

Pam asked Bob if his brother was traveling around Europe.
Camilla: Are you sure she'd like to go?

Henry: 01 course, she would. She loves to traveI. Remember this:

In indirect speech, we use asked instead of said when
Camilla: Well. Good luck. we are reporting a questiono

In indirect speech, the word if is used when we are

introducing a yes-no questiono that is, a question
whose answer begins with yes or no.
104 - RG - P4 - Lessem 45
RG - P4 - Lesson 45 - 105

Now look at the other transformations:

Remember this:
When we talk about something that may happen in
Pam sald, "Is YOrother trav~ around Europe, Bob?" the future if a certain condition is met, that is, a
possible future occurrence, we use the simple present
Pam asked Bob if hls brother was travellng around Europe. tense in the part of the sentence that expresses
condition, and the simple future tense in the part that
says what may happen.
Remember this:
In indirect speech, '!Ie use hlslher when my/your was
used in the original statement.

Take a look at these examples:

) )
In indirect speech, we use the past contlnuous tense If I have the time, I wlll go to the movies tomorrow.
when the present contlnuous tense was used in the
original statement.
If Tina arrlves early, we wlll go to the party.

The part of the sentence that expresses condition can

11. (IF + PRESENT) .•. WILL be in the initial or final position.

If vou study, I will give vou a present.

Note
Look at this example:
or

If I have the money, I wlll travei to Europe. I will give vou a present if vou study.

This sentence is divided in two parts. The first part (If I have the money) begins
with if and expresses a condition. The second part (I will travei to Europe) ) )
expresses a possible future occurrence.

Observe the sentence again:

If I have the money, I wlll travei to Europe.

\~
if simple present
~-:--~
simple future
(condition) (possible future occurrence)
 RG - P4 - Lesson 46 - 109

TEXT
IF I HAD ... I WOULD ...

Mrs. R.: Look.There'slhe daughter Mrs. R.: She's so elegant.

of Ronald Grag, the millionaire.

Mrs. R.: What a fantastic life she Mr. R.: Would you like to have
must have. ali that money?
Mrs. R.: I sure would.

Mrs. R.: If I had her money, ali Mrs. R.: First I'd buy a limousine,
my dreams would come true. a mansion in the country and a
house on the bsach.
. 110 - RG - P4 - Lesson 46 RG- P4- Lesson46-111

A great friend

Daniel: Hey, Dave. Look at that guy.

Dave: Who is he?

Mrs. R.: Then I'd become lhe
owner of a major airline.
Mr. R.: But honey, would you Daniel: That's Wellington McMillan, the millionaire.
spend your whole life just buying
and buying ...? ) (
) Dave: He's very elegan!.
Mrs. R.: No, I wouldn't.
Daniel: He must have a fantastic life. Parties, trips around the world, ....

Dave: Would you like to have ali that money, Dan?

Daniel: I certainly would. If I had ali that money, ali my dreams would come
true.
Dave: What would you do with ali that money?

Daniel: First, I'd travei ali over the States, then I'd buy a big house in the
country, a mansion on the beach, and some cars. And I'd like to
become the owner of a major airline.

Mrs. R.: If I were Ronald Grag's Mr. R.: And who would that Dave: Would you'buy things for your friends?
daughter, I'd also marry a lucky guy be?
Daniel: Yes, I would buy something for ali of my friends. What would you
handsome mano
like to have?
Dave: I'd like to be the owner of a supermarket.

Daniel: Then I'd buy one for you.

J ) Dave: And what would you buy for Alice?

Daniel: I'd buy her a beautiful house with a fantastic yard full of beautiful
flowers and trees.
Dave: And would you marry Alice?

Mrs. R.: Do you want to know
the truth?
Mr. R.: Yes, I do!
Daniel: Yes, I would marry Alice. We would live in that beautiful house, and
.we would have one son and two daughtars.
Mrs. R: Oh, darling, it would be
you. Dave: Does Alice know about ali this?
Daniel: No. Aftar I bacoma rich, 1'11
tell her about my plans.
112- RG - P4 - Lesson 46 RG -P4-Lesson 46- 113

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR 11. (IF + PAST) •.• WOULD

I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE Look at this situation:

Look at these sentences:

Tom has a car, but it's not a new one. He is trying to save up money to buy a
new one, but he doesn't have enough money now. 50, listen to what Tom says
about buying a caro

If I had the money, I would buy a new caro

) ) In this example, we are talking about an unreal or imaginary situation in the

present.Tom doesn't have enough money to buy a new car now, so he won't
buy one. If he had the money, he would buy one.

Look at the sentence again:

If I had the money, I WOUld"Z. a new caro

\ ---:\
if simple past conditional
.

Mom saído "Are these jewels for me?"

(condition) (unreal or imaginary situation
Mom asked íf Ihose jewels were for her.
in the present)

Now compare these sentences:

Remember this:
Mr. Hasek said, "Are these books for me?" When we want to talk about an unreal or imaginary
situation in the present, we use lhe past tense in the
part of the sentence that expresses cóndition and the .
) )
I Mr. Hasek asked if those books were for him. I QNDI§~T
~S~~ conditional (would + infinitive without to) in the part
which expresses what would happen if that condition
were met.

Remember this:
In indirect speech, we use those when these was
used in the original statement. Take a look at these examples:

If Tina studled, she would get very good grades.

In indirect speech, we use him or her when me or Vou
was used in the original statement.
If 5arah had time, she would help vou.
114 - RG - P4 - tesson 46 RG - P4 - Lessen 46 -115

Now look at these axamples:

If I were you, I'd look for another job.

If Mary were hera, she'd know what to do.

When we usa if + the past tense of the verb to be, we

Note ~ have to use were for ali persons.
) ) WHY IS FATHER SINGING HE'S TRYING TO SING
SO MUCH TONIGHT? THE BABY TO SLEEP.

Pay attention tothis example:

THESOUP IS BUTIFIWERE
TOOCOLD. VOU 1WOULDN'T
GET ANGRY
c[) .ABOUT IT~

~i I

() )
116- RG - P4- Lesson 46 RG - P4 - Lesson 46 -117

From this valley they say you are going,

We will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile,
For they say you are taking the sunshine
That brightens our pathway awhile.
Come and sit by my side if you love me,
Do not hasten to bid me adieu,
Sut rernernber the Red River Válley ,
~nd/tl:le cowboy that loved you so true.

l\

Won't you think of the valley you're leaving,

Oh, how lonely, how sad it will be. I

Oh, think of the fond heart you're breaking

~nd th.egrief you are causing me.
Come and sit by my side if you love me,
I:?0 not hasten to bid me adieu,
Sut remember the Red River Valley
,And the cowboy that loved you so true,
. - -
... - -~
to bid - to say
adieu - good-bye
fond -Ioving
Gently spread caviar on crackers
- -- or buttered toasts.
 RG - P4 - Lesson 47 - 121
120 - RG - P4 - Lesson 47

TEXT
S/TUATlONS A FUTURE BUS/NESSMAN

BA THROOM OL YMP/CS

) )
Father: Look at tha!. II I had a Son: Ir you want, 1'11
trade mine
lotol money, I'd buy a for a Popsicle and some candy.
convertible.
Mother: What are you doing in Son: Mom, if I don'! practice, 1'11
the bathtub? Stop that right never be an Olympic swimmer.
away.

SMART SON, CLEVER MOTHER

/N THE HALL WA Y

) J

Man on the left: If I were you,
I'd look for another job.
Man on the right: Why?
Man on lhe Jeft: This elevatorisn't
outof order.You're here to fix tha!
one.
Mother: If you have time, will
you pick up your sister at
school?
Son: Sure, Mom.
Son: But you'lI have to lend me
$20 to put gas in the caro
Mother: Forget it, Joe. 1'11pick
her up.
122 - RG - P4'- Lesson 47 RG - P4 - Lesson 47 - 123

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

REVIEW OF IF~CLAUSES

There's nothing Iike a hot bath

A. (If + present) ... will
Mark: I'm really tired. There's nothing better than a hot bath after a long
Look at this situation:
day at work.
John: I think 50 too, but I don't have a bathtub in my apartment, 50 I have
Tom wants to go to New York on his next vacation, but he doesn't have enough
to be happy with a hot shower. ) ) money now. He's saving money and so it's possible that he'tl have enough
Mark: Why don't you move to a house with a bathtub? money for his vacation next summer. Payattention to what Tom says:
John: It's not that easy, Mark. But you can be sure that when I buy a
house, it will have a bathtub. If I have enough money, I wlll 90 to New York.

In this sentence, we are talking about a possible future occurrence, that ls,
something that may happen in the future if a certain condition is met. Tom will
In the hal/way only go to New York on his next vacation, if he saves enough money.

Barry: Honey, who's that tall girl near the elevator?

Remember this:
Helen: That's Jane Evans, the Olympic swimmer. She's here to practice
When we talk about something that may happen in the
for the Olympic Games next month. future if a certain condition is met, that ls, a possible
future occurence, we use lhe simple present tense in
the part of the sentence that expresses condition and
the simple future tense in the part that says what may
happen.
The red convertible

( ) )
Melissa: Aren't you going home, Sally?
Sally: I'm waiting for my boyfrlend. He told me he would pick me up here.
Melissa: Does he still have that Mazda? Take a look at these other examples:
Sally: No. Now he has a red Mercedes convertible.
If it's a nice day tomorrow, 1'1190 to.the beach.
Melissa: Wow! It must be beautiful.
Sally: It is. He's like a baby with a new toy. Oh, there he ls. Bye, Melissa.
Melissa: Bye, Sally. If I travei to San Francisco, 1'11vlslt Chinatown.
124 - RG - P4 - Lesson 47 126 - RG - P4 - Lesson 48

B. (If + past) ... would

LESSON48
Look at this situation now:
WORDS IN ACTION
Some friends of Jerry's are going to New York. Jerry wants to go with them,
but he doesn't have enough money. Since his friends are leaving today, it's
impossible for Jerry to go with them. Pay attention to what Jerry says:

If I had enough money, I would go to New York.

In this example, we are talking about an unreal or imaginary situation in the

present. Jerry doesn't have enough money, so he won't go to New York.
) ( )
Remember this: bread eye
When we talk about an unreal or imaginary situation
in the present, we use the past tense in the part of the
sentence that expresses condition and the conditional
(would + infinitive without to) in the part which
expresses what would happen if that condition were
mel.

Take a look at some other examples:

If Mary studied more, she would get better grades.

hand rye bread

If it weren't raining, I'd ride my bike.

,) )
When we use if + the past tense of the verb to be, we
Note
use were for ali persons.

Look at the examples:

If I were rich, I'd buy a big house.

turkey
If Sarah were a millionaire, she'd take a tríp around the world.
128 - RG - P4 - Lesson 48
RG - P4 - Lesson 48 - 129

TEXT
SITUATIONS

ACCIDENTALL Y OR ON PURPOSE?
LUNCHTlME

) )
Mother: Were you two fighting
- Boy In yellow: While we were
again? playing, his eye hit my fistand Customer: I'd like a turkey Clerk: For here or to go?
Boy In yellow: No, we weren't. mine hit his fist. sandwich, please. Customer: For here, please.
Clerk: On white or rye?
Customer: White.

A L/TTLE WHITE L/E

A LAZYGUY

) )

Father:. Son, what were you doing Son: No, I was just saving on
with the lights off? Sleeping electricity. Why did you turn the Man on lhe left: Too bad it isn't Man on lhe left: Because if it
instead of studying? lights on? raining. were raining, I wouldn't have to
Man on the right: Why? wash my fiancée's caro
130 - RG - P4 - Lesson 48 RG - P4 - Lesson 48 -131

FURTHER USE OF ENGlISH

In this lesson we learned the phrasal verbs turn on and tum o". When these
phrasal verbs are followed by an object, the object can be at the end oí lhe
phrasal verb or between the words. For example, vou can say:
Is he telling the truth?

Ted: What happened to your eye? 11 looks Iike someone hit vou.
turn the Iights on
Bart: Well, when I was going into the boss's office this afternoon, I didn't
or
realize the door was closed and accidentally walked into it.
turn on the Iights
í) / )
However, if this object is a personal pronoun (me, vou, him, her,...) it has to
A turkey sandwich be placed between the two words. For example, Vou have to say:

Melanie: Honey, I want to eat a turkey sandwich on rye bread and a piece
Why are vou reading with the lights off? Turn them on, Joe.
of lemon pie. Could Vou go to that coffee shop on Lincoln Street
and buy me one?
Alex: But, dear, it's raining. Here are some other phrasal verbs that you've learned which are in the same
group:
Melanie: I know, honey, but...

to drop off - Where will vou drop off the car?

(et lhe test-tood restaurant)
Where will Vou drop the car off?
Clerk: What would vou like, sir?
to pay off - I think 1'11 pay off my loan next monlh.
Alex: A turkey sandwich, please. I think 1'11 pay my loan off next monlh.
Clerk: On white or rye?
to pick up - Can vou pick up your sister at school?
Alex: Rye. Can vou pick your sister up at school?
Clerk: For here or to go? )
) to put away - Tim, come here and put away your toys.
Alex: To go, please.
Tim, come here and put your toys away,

to turn off - Why did vou turn off the Iights?

Why did vou turn the Iights off?
Mrs. Wilson's lesson

Mrs. Wilson: Andrew, why didn't Vou turn the Iights off when vou left lhe
house? Our electric bill last monlh was really high. If vou turn off
the lights, we can save on electricity.
Andrew: Sorry, Mom. I didn't do it on purpose. I just forgot 10 turn them off.