Answer for problem exercise

1. CONCEPTUAL QUESTION
For added strength, many highways and buildings are constructed with reinforced concrete (concrete that
is reinforced with embedded steel rods). The coefficient of linear expansion of concrete is the same as
that for steel. Why is it important that these two coefficients be the same?

ANSWER:
Take note that different materials have different coefficient of linear or volume expansion, therefore they
will expand at different rates. When the reinforced concrete is heated or cooled, both the concrete and the
steel must expand or contract by the same amount. If the coefficients of linear expansion were not the
same, the concrete and steel would expand and contract at different rates when heated or cooled. So, it
would either the steel will push into the concrete and it will break, or it would have gaps where the steel
did not expand as fast as the concrete does, then this gaps will make the reinforced concrete weak and
possibly crack.

2. Complete the table:

°C °F K

Mercury boils 357.00 674.60 630.15

Greatest density
of water 4.00 39.20 277.15

CO2 solidifies - 61.11 -78 .00 212.04

Room temp. 20.00 68.00 293.15

Body temp. 37.00 98.60 310.15

3. At what temperature do Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales read the same?

ANSWER:
 x−273.15 x −32
=
5 9
9 x−( 9 )( 273.15 ) =5 x− (5 )( 32 )
9 x−5 x=2,458.35−160
x=574.59

4. A steel rod is 2.500 cm in diameter at 27°C. A brass ring bar has an inner diameter of
2.498 cm at the same temperature. At what common temperature will the ring just slide onto
-5 -5
the rod? (Steel: α = 1.2 x 10 /C°); (Brass: α = 2.0 x 10 /C°)

ANSWER:
( L0 + ∆ L ) Brass=( L0 + ∆ L )Steel
LB + α B L B ∆ t=LS +α S LS ∆ t
LS −LB =α B L B ∆ t−α S Ls ∆ t
L S−LB
∆ t=
α B LB −α S L S
2.500 cm−2.498 cm
∆ t= =100.20 C °
( 2.00 x 10 /C ° ) ( 2.498 cm )− ( 1.2 x 10−5 /C ° ) ( 2.500 cm )
−5

t f =∆ t+ t i
t f =127.20° C
3
5. The density of water at 4°C is 1,000 kg/m . What is the water’s density at 94°C?
-6
(where β = 207 x 10 /C°)

ANSWER:
m
ρ=
V O+ ∆ V
m
ρ=
V O+ β V O ∆ t

1.00 x 103 kg
ρ=
1.00 m 3 + [ ( 207 x 10−6 /C ° ) ( 1.00 m3 ) ( 90 C ° ) ]
kg
ρ=981.71
m3