SCAPULA AND

HUMERUS
Jana Ikea P. Obogne
DVM-1B
SCAPULA
- the only remaining bone in the pectoral girdle of the most domesticated
animals.
SCAPULA
 Tuber spinae spaculae/scapular spine tubercle/trapezius tubercle
-absent in the dog and well developed in pigs, it overhangs the infraspinous fossa, also present in
ruminants.
 Scapular Cartilage
- Well developed in the horse and ruminants and thin and narrow in carnivores.
 Acromion (Hamate process)
- Distinct in dogs, absent in pigs and horse.
 Spine of the scapula
- Divides the lateral surface of the scapula into most equal supraspinous and infraspinous in the
dogs and pigs, in the ox and horse the spine is placed more cranially so that the supraspinous fossa
is smaller than the infraspinous fossa.
 The avian scapula
-is a long bone located dorsally on the thorax. The cranial part that articulates with the upper limb is
derived from the somatopleure of the forelimb field, while the caudal part, the scapula blade,
originates from the dermomyotomes of brachial and thoracic somites.
HUMERUS
-Also known as brachial bone Humerus (avian)
 HUMERUS
 Intertubercular Groove
- single in the dog and pigs: divided by a low sagittal ridge in the ruminant and well-
developed ridge (intermediate tubercle) in the horse. The groove contains the tendon
of the biceps brachii.
 Greater Tubercle
- divided into cranial and caudal in the dog, pig, horse and ruminants: undivided in
the cat.
 Lesser Tubercle
-Divided also into cranial and caudal in ruminants and horse but not in the dog and
pig.
 Supratrochlear Foramen
-Connects the olecranon and radial fossae together, present in the dog absent in the
pig, ox and
 The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. There
are two distal condyles that articulate with the radius and ulna to form the elbow.
The dorsal condyle of birds is comparable to the lateral condyle of mammals,
while the ventral condyle is comparable to the medial condyle