Exercise 7

COMPARATIVE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS

1. Compare the shape of the nostril openings

 DOG – has a philtrum that goes ventrally to the lip, surface is wet due to
the secretions of the lateral nasal gland.
 HORSE – Lacks planum; consists of normal skin covered with a coat of
short hair interspersed with tactile hairs on its nasum, and has no philtrum.
They have a false semi-lunar shaped nostril called the nasal diverticulum.
 PIG – called the planum rostrale, have oval shaped nostrils and have no
philtrum
 CAT – philtrum is also present but not as well developed as in the dog,
surface is moist because of the lateral nasal gland.
 SMALL RUMINANTS – a well developed philtrum compared to large
ruminants, nostril is shaped like a narrow slit
 LARGE RUMINANTS – oval nostril, nasal plane and upper lip are fused to
form the planum nasolabiale and has no philtrum

2. Length of the tracheal tube and the characteristics of the tracheal rings

 DOG – Tracheal rings (42-46) are slender and U shaped. The ends of the
rings do not meet dorsally so that the trachea has a membranous dorsal
wall.
 HORSE – Tracheal rings (48-60) incomplete dorsally in thoracic region. In
cervical region, they overlap dorsally from right to left.
 PIG – Tracheal rings (29-36), overlap dorsally both in thorax and neck;
there is a trachea or epibronchus given off to the cranial lobe of the right
lung.
 BIRDS – Tracheal rings (up to 120 rings) are complete cartilaginous
circles joined by annular ligament.
 RUMINANT – The ends of the tracheal rings (48-60) are in apposition,
forming a dorsal ridge in thoracic region. In cervical region, they are
incomplete dorsally; there is a trachea or epibronchus given off to the
cranial lobe of the right lung.

3. Lungs, colors and number of lobes.

Animal Lung Number of Names of Lobes

 Lobes
Color Left Right Left Lung Right
Lung Lung
Dog Light 1. Divided cranial lobe 1. Cranial lobe
salmon 2. Caudal lobe 2. Cardiac lobe
2 4 3. Accessory lobe
4. Caudal lobe
Pig Light 1. Divided Cranial lobe 1. Cranial lobe
salmon 2. Caudal lobe 2. Cardiac lobe
2 4 3. Accessory lobe
4. Caudal lobe
Horse Pale 1. Divided Cranial lobe 1. Cranial lobe
pink 2 3 2. Accessory lobe 2. Accessory lobe
3. Caudal lobe
Ruminan Pale 1. Divided cranial lobe 1. Cranial lobe
t pink 2. Caudal lobe 2. Cardiac lobe
2 4 3. Accessory lobe
4. Caudal lobe