Bahir Dar University

Bahir Dar Institute of Technology (BiT)

Faculty of Civil and Water Resources
Engineering
Postgraduate Program in Structural
Engineering

Prestressed Concrete structures

Assignment
Prepared by: Natinael Wolde
ID: BDU1022155
Submitted to: Alemayehu G. (MSc in Structural Engineering)
 Prestressed Concrete Structures Assignment

Submission Date:
October 20, 2021
1) Prestressed concrete beam of rectangular cross-section of 150mm × 350mm (bxh) supports a
uniformly distributed load of 5.0 kN/m including the self-weight. The effective span of the beam
is 10.0 m. The beam is prestressed by a concentric cable carrying a force of 180 kN. Locate the
position of the pressure line in the beam.
Given Data: Required:
Note: My Roll Number is 8  position of the pressure line
 b=150+8=158 mm
 h=350+8=358 mm
 Uniformly distributed load (w)=5+8=13 kN /m
 Effective span ( L)=10+8=18 m
 P=180+ 8=188 kN
Solution:
 To find the resultant stress
3
b d 3 158∗(358)
Moment of Inertia ( I )= = =604.12∗106 mm4
12 12
2
I b d 3 /12 b d2 158∗(358)
Section Modulus ( Z b∧Z t )= = = = =3.375∗106 mm3
y d /2 6 6
w l 2 13∗182
Moment = = =526.50 kNm
8 8
3
P 188∗(10 )
i. ( )
Direct stress
A
=
158∗358
=3.324 N /mm2

6
M 526.50∗( 10 )
ii. Bending stress ( ) = =156 N /mm
6
2
Z 3.375∗10
iii. Resultant stress at the top fiber
P M
+ =3.324+156=159.324 N /mm2
A Z
iv. Resultant stress at the bottom fiber
P M
− =3.324−156=−152.677 N /mm2
A Z

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 Prestressed Concrete Structures Assignment

 The position of the pressure line

If P=resultant thrust in the section, and e=corresponding eccentricity (shift of pressure line) then
P Pe 188000 188000∗e
+ =159.324 ,= + =159.324
A Z 158∗358 3.375∗10 6
e=2800 mm(out of the beamdepth)
Note:
 The Pressure Line Location is out of the beam depth due to an increase of our roll No which is
8.
2) A rectangular concrete beam 360 mm deep and 200mm wide is prestressed by means of 15 wires of
5.0 mm diameter located at 65.0 mm from the bottom of the beam and 5 wires of 5.0 mm diameter,
located at 25 mm depth from the top the beam. If the wires are initially tensioned to a stress of 840
N/mm², calculate the percentage loss of stress in steel immediately after transfer, allowing for the loss of
stress due to elastic deformation of concrete only. Ep = 210 kN/m2 and Ec = 31.5 kN/m2.
Given Data: Required:
 b=200+8=208 mm  Loss of stress
 d=360+8=368 mm
 Initial stress=840+ 8=848 N /mm ²
 Diameter ( ϕ )=5+8=13 mm
 Top=5 ϕ 13 mm
 Bottom=15 ϕ 13 mm
 15 wires of located=65+ 8=73 mm ¿ the bottom beam
 5 wires of located=25+ 8=33 mm ¿ the top the beam
 Ep = 210 kN/m2 and Ec = 31.5 kN/m2
Solution:

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 Prestressed Concrete Structures Assignment

Position of the centroid of the wires from the soffit of the beam
15∗73+5∗335
y= =138.50 mm
15+5

Eccentricity (e)= ( 3682 ‐ 138.50)=45.50 mm

2
848∗20∗π ( 13 )
Prestressing force ( P ) = =2,251,139.63 N
4
Ac =208∗368=76,544 mm2
b∗h3 208∗3683 4
I= = =863,824,554.67 mm
12 12
y top =335−0.5∗368=151 mm
y bottom=0.5∗368−73=111 mm
Stresses in concrete:
At the level of top wires
P P∗e∗y 2,251,139.63 2,251,139.63∗45.50∗151
f c top= − = − =11.505 N /mm2
A I 76,544 863,824,554.67
At the level of bottom wires
P P∗e∗y 2,251,139.63 2,251,139.63∗45.50∗151
f c bottom= + = + =42.5714 N /mm2
A I 76,544 863,824,554.67
210
Modular ratio ( αc )= ( 31.5 )=6.67
Loss of stress∈wires at top= (6.67∗11.505 )=76.701 N /mm2
Loss of stress∈wires at bottom=( 6.67∗7.43 ) =283.81 N /mm 2
Percentage loss of stress :

For wires at top= ( 11.505

848 )
∗100=9.04 %

283.81
For wires at bottom=(
848 )
∗100=33.47 %

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 Prestressed Concrete Structures Assignment
3) A post-tensioned concrete beam 100 mm wide and 300 mm deep is prestressed by three cables, each
with a cross-sectional area of 50 mm² and with an initial prestress of 1200 N/mm 2. All the cables are
straight and located 100 mm from the soffit of the beam. If the modular ratio is 6.0, calculate the loss of
stress in the three cables due to elastic deformation of concrete for only the following cases.
a. Simultaneous tensioning and anchoring of all the three cables: and
b. Successive tensioning of the three cables, one at a time.
Given Data: Required:
 b=100+8=108 mm  Loss of stress
 d=300+8=308 mm a. Simultaneous tensioning
 Initial stress=1200+8=1208 N /mm ² b. Successive tensioning

 Modular ratio ( αc )=6

 y=100 mm
 A=50+8=58 mm2

Solution:
Prestress Force ∈each cable ( P )=58∗1208=70,064 N /mm ²

Ac =108∗308=33,264 mm2
b∗h3 108∗3083 4
I= = =262,963,008 mm
12 12
y=108∗0.5=54 mm
e=108−54=54 mm
Stress in concrete at the level of steel
P P∗e∗y 70,064 70,064∗54∗54
f c= + = + =2.88 N /mm ²
A I 33,264 262,963,008
a. Simultaneous tensioning and anchoring of all the three cables: Under simultaneous tensioning
and anchoring of all the three cables there will be no loss due to the elastic deformation of concrete.
b. Successive tensioning of the three cables, one at a time:
When the cables are successively tensioned:
Cable 1 is tensioned and anchored – no loss due to elastic deformation
Cable 2 is tensioned and anchored – loss of stress in cable 1, given by,
Loss of stress∈cable1=∝C ∗f c =( 6∗2.88 )=17.30 N /mm2
Cable 3 is tensioned and anchored –loss of stress in both cables 1 and 2 given by,

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 Prestressed Concrete Structures Assignment
Loss of stress∈cable1=( 6∗2.88 )=17.30 N /mm2 (whencable 3 istensioned )
Loss of stress∈cable2=( 6∗2.88 )=17.30 N /mm2 ( whencable 3 is tensioned)
Therefore the total loss stress due to elastic deformation of concrete in
Cable 1= (17.30+17.30) =34.60 N/mm2
Cable 2= 17.30 N/mm2
Cable 3 = 0 N/mm2
Average loss of stress considering all the three cables =17.30 N/mm2
It can be shown that if the number of wires, bars or strands are large, the loss due to elastic shortening
approaches (but does not exceed) one‐half of the corresponding loss with pre‐tensioning, i.e. loss of
stress = (0.5∗∝C∗f c), where fc = stress in concrete at the level of steel due to the effect of all the cables
simultaneously tensioned.
Applying this principle to the above problem,
Loss of stress=0.5∗∝C∗f c =0.5∗6∗3∗2.88=25.92 N /mm2
4) An unsymmetrical I-section beam is used to support an imposed load of 5 kN/m over a span of 10 m.
The details of the section are: Top flange; width 300 mm, thickness 60 mm; Bottom flange; width 150 mm,
thickness 60 mm. The web thickness 80 mm. The overall depth of the beam 400 mm. At the center of the
span, if the eccentricity of the 100 kN prestressing force is 50 mm from the soffit of the beam, estimate the
stresses at the center of span section of the beam for following load combinations.
a. Prestress + self-weight
b. Prestress + self-weight + live load

Given Data: Required:

 Top flange width=300+ 8=308 mm  estimate the stresses
 Overall depth of the beam=400+8=408 mm
 Top flange Thickness=60+8=68 mm
 Bottom flange width=150+ 8=158 mm
 Botttom flangeThickness=60+ 8=68 mm
 Web thickness = 80+8= 88 mm
 Eccentricity ( e ) =50+8=58 mm
 Initial load =100+8=108 kN=108,000 kN
 w=5+8=13 kN /m
 Span=18 m
Solution:

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 Prestressed Concrete Structures Assignment

A1=308∗68=20,944 mm2 y 1=408−0.5∗68=374 mm

A2=272∗88 ¿ 23,936 mm2 y 2=0.5∗408=204 mm
A3 =158∗68=10,744 mm2 y 3=0.5∗68=34 mm
At = A1 + A2 + A3 =55,624 mm2
Distance of centroid from top

A1 y 1+ A 2 y 2 + A 3 y 3 20,944∗374+ 23,936∗204 +10,744∗34

y= = =235.17 mm¿ bottom
A1 + A2 + A 3 55,624

e=235.17−58=177.17 mm , y b =235.17 mm , y t=408−235.17=172.83 mm

b1 d1 3 2 408∗683 2 4
I 1= + A 1 ( y 1− y ) = +20,944 (374−235.17) =411,719,336.45 mm
12 12

b2 d 23 2 88∗2723 2 4
I 2= + A 2 ( y 2− y ) = +23,936(204−235.17) =170,834,255.22mm
12 12

b3 d 3 3 2 158∗683 2 4
I 3= + A3 ( y 3 − y) = +10,744 (34−235.17) =438,958,457.44 mm
12 12

I t=I 1 + I 2 + I 3=1,021,512,049.11 mm4

Section Modulus I b 1,021,512,049.11 3

Z b= = =4,343,651.14 mm
3 yb 235.17
I t 1,021,512,049.11
Zt = = =5,910,624.85 mm
yt 172.83

Self weight ( g )=ρ∗A=24∗( 0.408∗0.068+ 0.272∗0.088+0.158∗0.068 ) =1.335 kN /m

w l 2 1.335∗182 6
Self weight Moment ( Mg )= = =54.07 kNm=54.07∗10 Nmm
8 8
2 2
w l 13∗18 6
Love Load Moment ( Mq )= = =526.50 kNm=526.5∗10 Nmm
8 8

Stresses at the center of span

Type of stress At top fiber

P P∗e 108∗103 108∗103∗177.17 2

Prestress − = − =1.942−3.237=−1.296 N /mm
A Zt 55,624 5,910,624.85

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 Prestressed Concrete Structures Assignment
Self-weight Mg 54.07∗106 2
= =9.147 N /mm
stress Zt 5,910,624.85

Live load Mq 526.5∗106 2

= =89.077 N /mm
stress Z t 5,910,624.85

Type of stress At bottom fiber

P P∗e 108∗103 108∗103∗177.17 2

Prestress − = + =1.942+ 4.41=6.35 N /mm
A Zb 55,624 4,343,651.14

Self-weight Mg 54.07∗106 2
= =12.447 N /mm
stress Z b 4,343,651.14

Live load Mq 526.5∗106 2

= =12.21 N /mm
stress Z b 4,343,651.14
a. Prestress + self-weight

At top fiber=−1.296+ 9.147=7.85 N /mm2

At bottom fiber =6.35−12.447=−6.10 N /mm 2

b. Prestress + self-weight + live load

At top fiber=−1.296+ 9.147+89.077=96.93 N /mm2

At bottom fiber =6.35−12.447−12.21=−127.31 N /mm2

5) A rectangular beam of cross-section 300 mm deep and 200 mm wide is prestressed by means of 15
wires of 5 mm diameter at 65 mm from the bottom and 3 wires of 5.0 mm diameter at 25 mm from the

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 Prestressed Concrete Structures Assignment
top. Assuming the prestress in steel as 840 N/mm², calculate the stress at the extreme fibers of the mid-
span section when the beam is supporting its own weight aver a span of 6.0 m. If a uniformly distributed
live load of 6.0 kN/m is imposed, evaluate the maximum working stress in concrete. Density of concrete is
24 kN/m³.
Given Data: Required:
 b=200+8=208 mm  maximum working stress
 d=300+8=308 mm
 Initial stress=840+ 8=848 N /mm ²
 Diameter ( ϕ )=5+8=13 mm
 Top=3 ϕ 13 mm
 Bottom=15 ϕ 13 mm
 15 wires of located=65+ 8=73 mm ¿ the bottom
 5 wires of located=25+ 8=33 mm ¿ the top
 Span=6+ 8=14 m
 ρ=24 kN /m3
 w=6+ 8=14 kN /m
Solution:

Distance of centroid from top

15∗73+3∗275
y= =106.67 mm
18
e=0.5∗308−106.67=47.33 mm
2
Prestressing Force ( P )=stress∗area=848∗3.14∗0.25∗ (13 ) ∗18=2026,025.67 N
Areaof cross section=308∗208=64,064 mm2
208∗3083 4
Moment of inertia( I )= =506,447,274.67 mm
12
I 506,447,274.67
Section Modulus ( Z t∧Z b )= = =3,288,618.67 mm3
y 106.67
Self weight of beam=24∗0.308∗0.208=1.538 kN /m

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 Prestressed Concrete Structures Assignment
w∗l 2 1.538∗14 2
Self weight Moment ( Mg )= = =37.625 kNm
8 8
w∗l 2 14∗142
Live Load Moment ( Mq )= = =343 kNm
8 8

i. ( PA )= 2026,025.67
Direct stress
64,064
=31.625 N /mm 2

P∗e 2026,025.67∗47.33
Bending stress (
Z )
2
ii. = =29.161 N /mm
3,288,618.67
Mg Mg 37.625∗10 6
iii. Self −weight stress ( ) Zt
= =
Z b 3,288,618.67
=11.45 N /mm2

6
Mq Mg 343∗10
Live Load stress (
iv.
Z )=
t Z
=
3,288,618.67
b
=104.30 N /mm 2

v. Resultant stress at the top fiber

31.625−29.161+11.45 +104.30=118.22 N /mm 2
vi. Resultant stress at the bottom fiber
31.625+29.161−11.45−104.30=−54.97 N /mm2

6) A post-tensioned beam 100 mm x 300 mm (b × h) spanning over 10 m is stressed by successive

tensioning and anchoring of 3 cables A, B, and C respectively as shown in figure. Each cable has cross
section area of 200 mm2 and has initial stress of 1200 MPa. If the cables are tensioned from one end,
estimate the percentage loss in each cable due to friction at the anchored end. Assume μ = 0.35, k = 0.0015 /
m

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 Prestressed Concrete Structures Assignment
Given Data: Required:
 b=100+8=108 mm  Percentage loss
 h=300+8=308 mm
 Initial stress=1200+8=1208 N /mm ²
 A=200+8=208 mm ²
 Span=10+8=18 m
 μ = 0.35
 k =0.0015/m
Solution:
Prestress Force ∈each tendon at stretching end =1208∗208=251.264 kN

At x = 0, the slope dy/dx = 4ym/L. The change in slope α(x) is proportional to x. The total subtended angle
over the length L is 8ym/L.
The prestress force Px at a distance x is given by

Percentage loss due ¿ friction=( 1−e−ηL ) x 100 %

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 Prestressed Concrete Structures Assignment
-KL- μα
Cable L( m) KL Y(m) α (rad) μα KL+ μα e Percentage Loss

A 18 0.027 0.1 0.044 0.0156 0.0426 0.9583 4.166%

B 18 0.027 0.05 0.022 0.0078 0.0348 0.9658 3.418%
C 18 0.027 0 0.000 0.0000 0.0270 0.9734 2.664%

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