Mind and Integrity College, Inc.

San Cristobal, Calamba City

In collaboration with
Department of Education
Region IV – CALABARZON

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

Quarter 1 – Module 4:
MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES AND LANGUAGES

SELF LEARNING MODULE

GRADE 12

Development Team:
Writer: Randy T. Mercado
Reviewer: Marife P. De Castro
Layout: Paulo Stephen D. Cadawas
Management: Dr. Edwin T. Casila, MCL – School
Director

Mind and Integrity College, Inc.

Selina-Liz Bldg. National Hi-way, San Cristobal, Calamba City, Laguna
Contact #: 049-531-1604 / 0908-965-0010
Email Address: mai.school@yahoo.com
Dear Parents,

Mind and Integrity College, Inc. is one with every Filipino family in coping with the demands of our
modern times amidst the threat of COVID-19 pandemic.

The school initiated the distribution of a Self-Learning Module (SLM) in order to meet the essential
learning competencies required to be learned by your child whether your child opts for online, modular, or
blended learning modality. The learning activities in this SLM are arranged chronologically from simple to
complex that will lead your child to think critically, act skillfully, and reflect deeply on each lesson and to
practice them into real life settings. Most importantly, this SLM promotes self-paced learning as your child
can always review the least understood lessons as often as he/she pleases.

Thank you in advance for being one with us! Together, let us envision that, by the end of this school
year, we will see your child as one responsible young person with a heart and mind for humanity, for
nature, for the country, and for God.

Dear Learner,

Welcome to a brand-new year of learning!

This is our gift to you. The school initiated the distribution of Self-Learning Modules (SLM) that will
help you keep up with the lesson whether you opted for online, modular, or blended learning as a modality.

Please take time to read and do the activities in these SLM as if you are reporting in school. Set a
regular study schedule for you as much as possible, but keep in mind that these SLM will enable you to
learn at your own pace. If you do not understand a lesson, the SLM would not mind you flipping back the
pages repeatedly for review. Also, remember to keep in touch with your teachers. Send them a message
through your online sessions or write them a note as you do your modular activities.

We wish you good luck in your studies, and we hope that you will remain happy and enthusiastic in
learning!
What This Module is About
Welcome to the 21st Century Society!
We live in a world where the advancement of technologies are going fast – paced and as the first
century looms ahead, it is clear to see that it has advancements that humanity may never have dreamed of
and one of these shining developments is the well-recognized computer. Having the Latin meaning of
‘computing’ or ‘reckoning’ the computer is an invention that was called the ‘MAN OF THE YEAR’ in a
survey carried out by an international magazine.
This module is an introductory part for the subject in Computer Systems, which will pave the way
towards more meaningful discussions and interactions. This is aimed in introducing the concept of
Computer Systems to Senior High School learners, as solid ground for college readiness. Basic concepts
and terminologies will be presented as we go along the module.
Together, let us scan the next few pages of this module in order for us to be fully equipped and to
be computer literate individual. There are several standard symbols (icons) used as you go about in the
completion of this module. For instance, a hand cupped with a sprout represents an activity that introduces
you to a new lesson or concept. This is reinforced with the magnifying glass icon that discusses the activity
as a part of the lesson, enabling you to discover and understand the totality of the lesson. Highlighting each
lesson is your application of learning, an activity that shall transfer the skills and knowledge gained into
your real life situations, symbolized with a nut and wrench tandem.
This module contains varied activities that can help you as a Senior High School student to not just
be a computer literate individual, but a creative and critical thinker as well as responsible user of computer
system.

NOTE: Prepare yellow pad papers where you would write all your outputs for this module. Do not
forget to label your works properly corresponding to the title of each activity. Do not forget to write
your name, section and the date of first entry.
Make sure to clip/staple your works so that they will not easily be separated. It is advised to take
down notes about the important information from each lesson because of the modules will be
returned at the end of every week. Please do not write anything on module.

The following are the lessons contained in this module:

1. Media and Information Sources

2. Media and Information Languages

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
 Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
 Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
 Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module
What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that are
Know set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior relatedt
Knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that of
the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented to
you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level

of mastery in achieving the learning competency
 What I Know

Directions: Determine the word from the pictures/images given below. Write your answer on a yellow
paper.
1. 2.

L____R_ M____

3. 4.

__T___E_ H_M__S__R__

5.

__F____T___
 MEDIA AND INFORMATION
SOURCES

What Is It

THE MEDIA AS INFORMATION SOURCE

One of the primary roles media plays is to inform. From news to current affairs to lifestyle subjects,
weather reports to celebrity updates, educational subjects to recreational details and more, the whole
array of data the media offers make it an invaluable source of information. The Library of Virginia
explains that Information can come from virtually anywhere – media, blogs, personal experiences,
books, journal and magazine articles, expert opinions, encyclopedias, and web pages – and the type of
information you need will change depending on the question you are trying to answer.

WHAT IS MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES?

● These are resources that serve as a

means of communicating to a general,
public audience.

INDIGENOUS MEDIA

INDIGENOU  Indigenous media defined as forms of

media expression conceptualized,
produced, and circulated by indigenous
people around the globe as vehicles for
communication, including cultural
preservation, cultural and artistic
expression, political self-determination,
and cultural sovereignty, according to
Oxford bibliographies.

 It is a reflection of indigenous
communities and has been used as
powerful social movement catalyst all
over the world. Indigenous media seeks
to spark activism, promote advocacy, be
a source of empowerment, and
encourage community building among
indigents.
The community media and the Indigenous people

Community media is an independent, civil society based media that operate for social benefit and
not for profit according to UNESCO. As the term implies community media is run by a community, and for a
community.

Social movements and community-based organization make use of community media for a number
of reasons. First, it serves the community by providing access to information. It also gives the community a
platform for raising their concerns and aids in solving them.

Community media also provides a medium for community discussion. Lastly, it makes public
decisions making possible through information and knowledge sharing among the members of the
community.

Community media is a popular alternative to commercial media among minority groups like the
indigenous community. Community media ensures that their culture ids preserved without sacrificing
development.

The role community media plays in society make up for its lack of commercial opportunities. By
being a proponent of social responsibility and public participation, community media helps in the
development of communities.

EXAMPLES OF INDIGENOUS MEDIA

Ethnographic Film

Matthew Durington defines ethnographic film as

the visual manifestation of anthropological
practice organized in a linear moving media.
Ethnographic film is a non-fiction works that
reflects the lives of indigenous people, typically
following the documentary format. The meaning
of ethnographic film has been a subject of
discussion in the film industry. Ruby 2000 and
Ruby 2005 argue for a strict definition of
ethnographic film, limited to productions by
individuals with a media production background.
Heider 2006, on the other hand, claims that any
film can be considered ethnographic while
providing a set of evaluative criteria to gauge
ethnographic film for both research and
pedagogy.
 Aboriginal Media

One of the most notable aboriginal media in

existence is run by the Central Australian
Aboriginal Media Association or CAAMA
called Imparja. Imparja (which means “tracks”
or “footprints” in Central Australian language,
Arrente) is a commercial station intended for the
aboriginal population. Apart from public service
announcements it also broadcasts aboriginal
programs aimed at promoting awareness about
the concerns and issues of Aboriginal people,
preserves the aboriginal languages, and culture
through art, music, stories, and dances.
(Ginsburg, 1991).
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
A knowledge that is unique to a specific culture or society; most often it is not written down.

INDIGENOUS COMMUNICATION
Transmission of information through local channels or forms. It is a means by which the culture is
preserved, handed down and adapted.

LIBRARY
It is a place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such as books, manuscripts,
recordings, or films) are kept for use but not for sale.

TYPES OF LIBRARIES

ACADEMIC LIBRARY

Academic library is the library which is

attached to academic institutions like schools,
colleges and universities. An academic library
serves more specifically the students, research
scholars, teachers and staff of the academic
institution. Main objective of an academic library
is to give maximum learning materials to its
clientele so that they may be fully educated in
their respective level. Academic libraries are
categorized into school libraries, college libraries
and university libraries.

A public library (also called circulating library) is

a library which is accessible by the public and is
generally funded from public sources (such as
tax money) and may be operated by the civil
servants. Taxing bodies for public libraries may
be at any level from local to national central
government level. The public library is an
excellent model of government at its best. A
locally controlled public good, it serves every
individual freely, in as much or as little depth as
he or she wants.
 Special libraries offer unique opportunities to
work in a specialized environment of interest,
such as corporations, hospitals, the military,
museums, private businesses, and the
government. Special libraries can serve
particular populations, such as the blind and
physically handicapped, while others are
dedicated to special collections, such as the
Library of Congress or a presidential library.

INTERNET

It is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of
interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.

The Web allows you to access most types of information on the Internet through a browser. One of the
main features of the Web is the ability to quickly link to other related information. The Web contains
information beyond plain text, including sounds, images, and video.
The important thing to do when using information on the Internet is to know how to evaluate it!
THINGS TO CONSIDER IN EVALUATING INFORMATION
SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION

1. CHECK THE AUTHOR

The credibility of an author is very important in determining the quality of sources you have located. There
are several ways of determining if an author is credible depending on the type of source. However, the
strategies used for books, articles and websites can also be used for other types of sources.

2. CHECK THE PUBLICATION OR OF UPDATE

Determining when an online source was published or produced is an aspect of evaluating information.
The date information was published or produced tells you how current it is or how contemporaneous it
is with the topic you are researching.

3. CHECK FOR CITATION

Citing a source means that you show, within the body of your text, that you took words, ideas,
figures, images, etc. from another place.
Citations are a short way to uniquely identify a published work (e.g. book, article, chapter, web
site). They are found in bibliographies and reference lists and are also collected in article and
book databases.
4. CHECK THE DOMAIN OR OWNER OF THE SITE/PAGE
.com – commercial
.gov – government
.edu – educational
.org – nonprofit organization
.mil – military

Assessment: (Post-Test)

Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer from the given choices. Write your answer in yellow
paper.
1. It was defined as forms of media expression conceptualized, produced, and circulated by indigenous
people around the globe as vehicles for communication, including cultural preservation, cultural and
artistic expression, political self-determination, and cultural sovereignty, according to Oxford
bibliographies.
a. Library c. Magazine
b. Indigenous Media d. Aboriginal Media

2. It is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities,

consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
a. Library c. Indigenous Media
b. Ethnographic Film d. Internet

3. It serves more specifically the students, research scholars, teachers and staff of the academic
institution.
a. Public Library c. Private Library
b. Academic Library d. Special Library

4. This type of library offers unique opportunities to work in a specialized environment of

interest, such as corporations, hospitals, the military, museums, private businesses, and
the government.
a. Academic Library c. School Library
b. Special Library d. Public Library
5. This is a library which is accessible by the public and is generally funded from public sources (such as
tax money) and may be operated by the civil servants.
a. Private Library c. Public Library
b. Academic Library d. School Library

6. This refers to the timeliness of the information.

a. Accuracy c. Currency
b. Relevance d. Authority
7. A knowledge that is unique to a specific culture or society; most often it is not written down.
a. Indigenous Knowledge c. Indigenous Media
b. Aboriginal Media d. Ethnographic Film

8. It is a place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such as books, manuscripts,
recordings, or films) are kept for use but not for sale.
a. Indigenous Media c. Library
b. Aboriginal Media d. Ethnographic Film

9. It is a commercial station intended for the aboriginal population.

a. Aboriginal Media c. CAAMA
b. Imparja d. Ruby

10. National library is an example of what type of library?

a. Public Library c. Private Library
b. Academic Library d. Special Library
 MEDIA AND INFORMATION
LANGUAGES

What Is It

"Language is a source of misunderstanding."

- McLuhan, 1964

Language is a key to communicate. Language is a universal weapon, it can be used to express

what you really feel. It can be used to unite people, but when misused it can cause a lot of trouble.
Language is for everybody, everyone has different perspective and interpretation of how they heard or
read a certain language, and that is how misunderstanding occurs.

MEDIA LANGUAGES
• The way in which a text is constructed to create meaning for a reader or viewer of the text.
 These are codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative structures that indicate the meaning
of media messages to an audience.
 Language in this sense means the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and conventions
that media and information professionals may select and use in an effort to communicate ideas,
information and knowledge.

CODES
Codes are systems of signs that when put together create meaning. Codes can be divided into three
categories:
• Symbolic Codes
• Written Codes
• Technical Codes

CODES AND CONVENTIONS

Media codes and conventions are like the building blocks of all the media around us. Media
codes generally have an agreed meaning, or connotation, to their audience. Conventions are expected
ways in which codes are organized in a product.

SYMBOLIC CODES
• Iconic symbols that are easily understood. Symbolic codes in media includes setting, mise en
scene, acting and colour.

Red Rose may convey love or romance.

 SETTINGS
Setting is the time and place of the narrative. A setting
can be as big as the outback or space, or as small as a
specific room. Setting can even be a created
atmosphere or frame of mind.

MISE EN SCENE
Mise en scene is a French term that means
‘everything within the frame’. In media terms it has
become to mean the description of all the objects
within a frame of the media product and how they have
been arranged. An analysis of mise en scene includes:
• Set Design
• Costume
• Props
• Staging and Composition

ACTING
Actors portray characters in media products and
contribute to character development, creating tension
or advancing the narrative. The actor portrays a
character through:
• Facial expression
• Body Language
• Vocal qualities
• Movement
• Body contact

COLOUR
Colour has highly cultural and strong connotations.
When studying the use of color in a media product the
different aspects to be looking at are:
• Dominant color
• Contrasting foils
• Color symbolism
WRITTEN CODES
 These use of language style and textual
layout (headlines, captions, speech
bubbles, language style, etc. ).
 Written codes are the formal written
language used in a media product. Just
like technical and symbolic codes, written
codes can be used to advance a narrative,
communicate information about a
character or issues and themes in the
media product.
 Written codes include printed
language which is text you can see within
the frame and how it is presented, and also spoken language, which includes dialogue and song lyrics.

EXAMPLES:
 Headlines
 Captions
 Speech Bubbles
 Punctuation

TECHNICAL CODES
Technical codes are codes that are specific to a media form and do not live outside of
them. Technical codes in media include Camerawork, Editing, Audio and Lighting.

CAMERAWORK
Camerawork refers to how the camera is operated, positioned and moved for specific effects. Aspects of
camerawork include:
• Positioning
• Movement
• Framing
• Exposure
• Lens choice

TYPES OF CAMERA SHOTS

1. EXTREME LONG SHOT (ELS) OR EXTREME WIDE SHOT (EWS)
An extreme long shot (or extreme wide shot) make your subject appear small against their location. You
can use an extreme long shot to make your subject feel distant or unfamiliar. Take a look at this extreme wide
shot from one of the best action movies Mad Max: Fury Road:

©2020 Mind and Integrity College, Inc. All Rights Reserved Page 14 of 20
2. LONG SHOT (LS) OR WIDE SHOT (WS)
The long shot (also known as a wide shot, abbreviated “WS”) is the same idea, but a bit closer. If your
subject is a person then his or her whole body will be in view — but not filling the shot. Here's an example of
the wide shot size from one of the best 2015 movies The Martian:

In other words, there should be a good deal of space above and below your subject. Use a long shot
(or wide shot) to keep your subject in plain view amidst grander surroundings.
The wide shot also lets us see the beautiful background imagery, as well as the onlookers which will
make any big moment more cinematic.
Of the many camera shots, a long shot gives us a better idea of the scene setting, and gives us a better
idea of how the character fits into the area.

3. FULL SHOT (FS)

This full shot from one of the best Quentin Tarantino movies Django Unchained is also a tracking shot
— meaning there is camera movement featured throughout the shot. In this particular case, the camera slowly
moves (or tracks) towards Django. So, technically, this shot begins in a wide shot, moves to full shot (seen
above), and eventually ends in a cowboy shot.

Of all the different types of camera shots in film, full shots can be used to feature multiple characters in
a single shot, like this full shot size example from Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy:

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4. MEDIUM LONG SHOT / MEDIUM LONG SHOT
A medium long shot (aka medium long shot) frames the subject from roughly the knees up. It splits the
difference between a full shot and a medium shot. Here's an example of the medium wide shot size from one
of the best crime movies, The Usual Suspects:

5. MEDIUM CLOSE UP SHOT

The medium close-up frames your subject from roughly the chest up. So it typically favors the face, but still
keeps the subject somewhat distant.
Here's an example of the medium close-up shot size from one of the Coen Brothers’ masterpieces No
Country for Old Men:

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6. CLOSE UP SHOT
You know it’s time for a close-up shot when you want to reveal a subject’s emotions and reactions. The
close-up camera shot fills your frame with a part of your subject. If your subject is a person, it is often their
face. Here's an example of the close-up shot size:

Of all the different types of camera shot sizes in film, a close-up is perfect for important moments. The close-up
shot size is near enough to register tiny emotions, but not so close that we lose visibility.

7. EXTREME CLOSE UP SHOT (ECU)

An extreme close-up is the most you can fill a frame with your subject. It often shows eyes, mouth and gun
triggers. In extreme close-up shots, smaller objects get great detail and are the focal point.
Use an ECU to emphasize a specific feature of your subject:

EDITING
Editing is the process of choosing, manipulating and arranging images and sound. Editing is
generally done for four different reasons:
• Graphic edits
• Rhythmic edits
• Spacial edits

©2020 Mind and Integrity College, Inc. All Rights Reserved Page 17 of 20
AUDIO
Audio is the expressive or naturalistic use of sound. Audio can be diegetic or non-diegetic. The three aspects
of audio are:
• dialogue
• sound effects
• Music

LIGHTING
Lighting is the manipulation of natural or artificial light to selectively highlight specific elements of the scene.
Elements of lighting include:
• Quality
• Direction
• Source
• Colour

CONVENTIONS
Conventions are accepted ways of using media codes. Conventions are closely connected to the audience
expectations of a media product. Different types of conventions include form conventions, story
conventions and genre conventions.

Form Conventions
 Form conventions are the certain ways we expect types of media’s codes to be arranged. For instance an
audience expects to have a title of the film at the beginning, and then credits at the end. Newspapers will
have a masthead, the most important news on the front page and sports news on the back page. Video
games usually start with a tutorial to explain the mechanics of how the game works.
 Another example would be continuity editing. Most video forms follow a set of editing rules and techniques
called continuity editing which allows for the audience to easily understand what is going on in a scene and
who is talking to who.

Story Conventions
 Story conventions are common narrative structures and understandings that are common in story telling
media products. Examples of story conventions include:
- Narrative structures
- Cause and effect
- Character construction
- Point of View

Genre Conventions
Genre conventions point to the common use of tropes, characters, settings or themes in a particular type of
medium. Genre conventions are closely linked with audience expectations. Genre conventions can be formal
or thematic.

MESSAGES
Media Messages
• Any piece of media that transmits a message to an audience, such as a TV show, web page, news
story, advertisement, or social media post.

AUDIENCE
Audience
• The audience refers to the recipients of information or the consumers of media.
• Is any group of people who receive a media text, and not just people who are together in the same
place.

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There are two general types of media audience this includes:
• Mass Audience – refers to the mainstream consumers
• Niche Audience – a small, influential audience with a unique taste.

PRODUCERS
• People engaged in the process of creating and putting together media content to make a finished
media product.

STAKEHOLDERS
• Libraries, archives, museums, internet, and other relevant information providers.

WHAT’S MORE
IDENTIFICATION. Identify what the following symbols mean. Write your answer on a yellow paper.
1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

9. 10.

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 Assessment: (Post-Test)

IDENTIFICATION. Identify what is being asked. Write your answer in yellow paper.

1. These are the formal written language used in a media product.

2. These are codes that are specific to a media form and do not live outside of them.
3. These are systems of signs that when put together create meaning.
4. It is a French term that means ‘everything within the frame’.
5. This refers to how the camera is operated, positioned and moved for specific effects.
6. It frames the subject from roughly the knees up.
7. It is the process of choosing, manipulating and arranging images and sound.
8. It is the most you can fill a frame with your subject. It often shows eyes, mouth and gun triggers.
9. These are the certain ways we expect types of media’s codes to be arranged.
10. It is the manipulation of natural or artificial light to selectively highlight specific elements of the scene.

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