Mind and Integrity College, Inc.

San Cristobal, Calamba City

In collaboration with
Department of Education
Region IV – CALABARZON

JAVA 2
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Introduction to Networking

SELF LEARNING MODULE

GRADE 11

Development Team:
Writer: Randy T. Mercado
Reviewer: Marife P. De Castro
Layout: Paulo Stephen Cadawas
Management: Dr. Edwin T. Casila, MCL – Principal
Christian D. Manalansan – President

Mind and Integrity College, Inc.

Selina-Liz Bldg. National Hi-way, San Cristobal, Calamba City, Laguna
Contact #: 049-531-1604 / 0908-965-0010
Email Address: mai.school@yahoo.com

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Dear Parents,

Mind and Integrity College, Inc. is one with every Filipino family in coping with the
demands of our modern times amidst the threat of COVID-19 pandemic.

The school initiated the distribution of a Self-Learning Module (SLM) in order to

meet the essential learning competencies required to be learned by your child whether
your child opts for online, modular, or blended learning modality. The learning activities
in this SLM are arranged chronologically from simple to complex that will lead your child
to think critically, act skillfully, and reflect deeply on each lesson and to practice them
into real life settings. Most importantly, this SLM promotes self-paced learning as your
child can always review the least understood lessons as often as he/she pleases.

Thank you in advance for being one with us! Together, let us envision that, by the
end of this school year, we will see your child as one responsible young person with a
heart and mind for humanity, for nature, for the country, and for God.

Dear Learner,

Welcome to a brand-new year of learning!

This is our gift to you. The school initiated the distribution of Self-Learning
Modules (SLM) that will help you keep up with the lesson whether you opted for online,
modular, or blended learning as a modality.

Please take time to read and do the activities in these SLM as if you are reporting
in school. Set a regular study schedule for you as much as possible, but keep in mind
that these SLM will enable you to learn at your own pace. If you do not understand a
lesson, the SLM would not mind you flipping back the pages repeatedly for review. Also,
remember to keep in touch with your teachers. Send them a message through your
online sessions or write them a note as you do your modular activities.

We wish you good luck in your studies, and we hope that you will remain happy
and enthusiastic in learning!
NOTE: Prepare yellow pad papers where you would write all your outputs for this
module. Do not forget to label your works properly corresponding to the title of each
activity. Also, please label your work with module number and module title. Do not forget
to write your name, section and the date of first entry.

Make sure to clip/staple your works so that they will not easily be separated. It is advised
to take down notes about the important information from each lesson because of the
modules will be returned at the end of every week. Please do not write anything on
module.

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What This Module is About
Fast and efficient processing of two-dimensional arrays is essential in land-change modeling
because of the substantial computational effort expended by some computer land change models in
processing raster-graphic images and other two-dimensional arrays. Elapsed, wall-clock runtimes
for spatially explicit land-change models often span days or weeks, so improvements in the speed
and efficiency of a land-change model’s executable computer code can reduce its runtime by hours
or even days. The speed of execution can make the difference between a model that is fast enough
to be used and one that is not. Computational speed and efficiency in array processing are
fundamental, threshold concerns in land-change modeling and other areas of scientific
computation.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that are set for you
Know to learn as you go along the module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of knowledge

to the subject matter at hand, meant specifically to
gauge prior related to
Knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that of the current
one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through various

activities, before it will be presented to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a way to

deepen your discovery and under- standing of the
concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in- tended for you to
practice further in order to master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you have learned

Learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show- case your skills
and knowledge gained and applied into real-life concerns
and situations.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery

in achieving the learning competency

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 WHAT I KNOW

Instruction: Identify the following. Write your answer on a yellow pad paper.
1. This ping is unique and is called an internal loopback test.
2. It works by sending multiple IP packets to a specified destination.
3. It is a device that amplifies a signal or opens and closes a circuit.
4. It is an electronic component that stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field that consists of two
conducting metal plates separated by an insulating material.
5. It is a device that provides the computer with connectivity to a telephone line.
6. It is a set of protocols or rules developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources across a
network.
7. A ping that verifies the TCP/IP address configuration for the local host and connectivity to the host.
8. It is a device made of material that opposes the flow of electric current.
9. It is semiconductor device that emits light when a current passes through it.
10. A combination of computer hardware, cabling, network devices, and computer software used together to allow
computers to communicate with each other.

Lesson 3: INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING

What I Need to Know

INTRODUCTION
To formally begin your networking journey, you need to start forming a more detailed and specific answer
to the question “What’s a network?” Assuming that you took the time and effort to register for the Cisco
Networking Academy Program CCNA 1 course, which is a basic networking course, you probably already have
some opinions about the answer to this question. This section begins to answer the question.

First, consider the following formal, but general, definition of a computer network:

A combination of computer hardware, cabling, network devices, and computer software used together to
allow computers to communicate with each other.

The goal of any computer network is to allow multiple computers to communicate. The type of
communication can be as varied as the type of conversations you might have throughout the course of a day. For
example, the communication might be a download of an MP3 audio file for your MP3 player; using a web browser
to check your instructor’s web page to see what assignments and tests might be coming up; checking the latest
sports scores; using an instant-messaging service, such as AOL Instant Messenger (AIM), to send text messages to a
friend; or writing an e-mail and sending it to a business associate.

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 What Is It
PC BASICS
Small, Discrete Components
 Transistor – Device that amplifies a signal or opens and closes a circuit.

 Integrated circuit (IC) – Device made of semiconductor material that contains many transistors and
performs a specific task.

 Resistor – Device made of material that opposes the flow of electric current.

 Capacitor – Electronic component that stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field that consists of
two conducting metal plates separated by an insulating material.

 Connector – The part of a cable that plugs into a port or interface.

 Light emitting diode (LED) – Semiconductor device that emits light when a current passes through it.

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 Personal Computer Subsystems Backplane Components
 Printed circuit board (PCB) • Backplane
 CD-ROM drive • Network interface card
 Central processing unit (NIC)
(CPU) • Video card
 Floppy disk drive • Audio card
 Hard disk drive • Parallel port
 Microprocessor • Serial port Mouse port
 Motherboard • Power cord
 Bus
 Random-access memory
(RAM)
 Read-only memory (ROM)
 System unit
 Expansion slot
 Power supply

NETWORK INTERFACE CARD

When selecting a NIC, consider the following factors:

 Protocols – Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI
 Types of media – Twisted-pair, coaxial, wireless, or fiber-optic
 Type of system bus – PCI or ISA

NIC AND MODEM INSTALLATION

 A modem, or modulator-demodulator, is a device that provides the computer with connectivity to a
telephone line.
 PCMCIA wired and wireless NICs.
 Desktop systems may use an internal or external NIC.

OVERVIEW OF HIGH – SPEED AND DIAL – UP CONNECTIVITY

 Inevitably the high-speed services used in the corporate environment, such as Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
and cable modem access, moved to the consumer market.

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  These services no longer required expensive equipment or a second phone line.

 These are "always on" services that provide instant access and do not require a connection to be
established for each session.

 This gives greater reliability and flexibility, and has led to the ease of Internet connection sharing by small
office and home networks.

TCP/IP DESCRIPTION AND CONFIGURATION

 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a set of protocols or rules developed to allow
cooperating computers to share resources across a network.

TESTING CONNECTIVITY WITH PING

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  The ping command works by sending multiple IP packets to a specified destination. Each packet sent is a
request for a reply.

 The ping command is used to test the NIC transmit/receive function, the TCP/IP configuration, and
network connectivity.

 ping 127.0.0.1 - This ping is unique and is called an internal loopback test. It verifies the operation of the
TCP/IP stack and NIC transmit/receive function.

 ping IP address of host computer - A ping to a host PC verifies the TCP/IP address configuration for
the local host and connectivity to the host.

 ping default-gateway IP address - A ping to the default gateway verifies whether the router that
connects the local network to other networks can be reached.

 ping remote destination IP address - A ping to a remote destination verifies connectivity to a remote
host.

WEB BROWSERS AND PLUG – INS

PLUG-IN APPLICATIONS

 These applications work in conjunction with the browser to launch the program required to view the
following special files:

 Flash – plays multimedia files, which was created by Macromedia Flash

 Quicktime – plays video files, which was created by Apple

 Real Player – plays audio files

IP ADDRESSES AND NETWORK MASKS

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  To inform a computer how the 32-bit IP address has been split, a second 32-bit number called a
subnetwork mask is used.

 This mask is a guide that indicates how the IP address should be interpreted by identifying how many of
the bits are used to identify the network of the computer.

 The subnetwork mask sequentially fills in the 1s from the left side of the mask.

 A subnet mask will always be all 1s until the network address is identified and then be all 0s from there to
the right most bit of the mask.

 The bits in the subnet mask that are 0 identify the computer or host on that network.

 Performing a Boolean AND of the IP address 10.34.23.134 and the subnet mask 255.0.0.0 produces the
network address of this host:

 10.34.23.134 00001010.00100010.00010111.10000110
255.0.0.0 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
10.0.0.0 00001010.00000000.00000000.00000000

 Converting the result to dotted decimal, 10.0.0.0 is the network portion of the IP address, when using the
255.0.0.0 mask.

 Host with the IP address of 10.34.23.134 is a member of the 10.0.0.0 network.

 Performing a Boolean AND of the IP address 172.16.122.204 and the subnet mask 255.255.0.0 produces
the network address of this host:

 172.16.122.204 10101100.00010000.01111010.11001100
255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
172.16.0.0 10101100.00010010.00000000.00000000

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  Converting the result to dotted decimal, 172.16.0.0 is the network portion of the IP address, when using the
255.255.0.0 mask.

 Host with the IP address of 172.16.122.204 is a member of the 172.16.0.0 network.

What’s New

Activity 1: NETWORKING
Instruction: Answer the following questions carefully. Write your answer on your yellow pad paper.
1. What is the network address?
2. Is the default gateway on the same network?
3. What does the IP address and subnet mask tell you and your computer?

WHAT’S MORE

ACTIVITY 2: ENUMERATION
INSTRUCTION: Enumerate what is being asked. Write your answer on a yellow pad paper.
1 – 3: Factors to consider when selecting NIC.
4 – 6: Plug – in applications
7 – 10: Testing connectivity with ping 127.0.0.1

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