Republic of the Philippines

CARCAR CITY COLLEGE

Luanluan Street, Poblacion I, Carcar City, Cebu
Tel # 487-0063/487-9077
carcarcitycollege.edu.ph

Subject : LEADERSHIP AND DECISION MAKING Discussion No. : 1&2

Class Schedule : BPA 3-A (SAT.; 1:00PM-4:00PM)

Topics : The Meaning and Relevance of Leadership, Leadership Versus Management, Impact to the
Success and Failures of Organization and Leadership Roles

At the end of the session, students must have:

Objectives : a. explained the meaning of leadership and how it differs from management;
b. described how leadership influences organizational performance and public
administration; and
c. recognized several important leadership roles as performance measures in handling
business challenges and public governance.

I. ACTIVITY
TEST OF PERSONALITY

Leadership skills can be learned depends on the personality of a person. To determine the personality of an
individual, a temperament or personality test will be conducted. And let’s see how we could develop each one of it.
Instruction:
1. Please open the link https://openpsychometrics.org/tests/O4TS/
2. Carefully read the background and test instruction.
3. Click the Begin Assessment below the page and get started.
4. Screen shoot the result and send to Rage Rentuma messenger account.
5. Let’s see if we have a potential to become a leader.

Relation of various four temperament theories

DISC
Classical Element Adler Riemann
(Different publishers use different
names)

Melancholic Earth Avoiding Obsessive Conscientiousness/Cautious

Phlegmatic Water Getting Schizoid Steadiness/Supportive

Sanguine Air Socially useful Hysterical Influence/Inspiring

Choleric Fire Ruling Depressed Dominance

Sanguine personality type is described primarily as being highly talkative, enthusiastic, active, and social. Sanguines
tend to be more extroverted and enjoy being part of a crowd; they find that being social, outgoing, and charismatic is
easy to accomplish. Individuals with this personality have a hard time doing nothing and engage in more risk seeking
behavior.
Choleric individuals tend to be more extroverted. They are described as independent, decisive, goal-oriented, and
ambitious. These combined with their dominant, result-oriented outlook make them natural leaders. In Greek,
Medieval, and Renaissance thought, they were also violent, vengeful, and short-tempered.
Melancholic individuals tend to be analytical and detail-oriented, and they are deep thinkers and feelers. They are
introverted and try to avoid being singled out in a crowd. A melancholic personality leads to self-reliant individuals
who are thoughtful, reserved, and often anxious. They often strive for perfection within themselves and their
surroundings, which leads to tidy and detail-oriented behavior.
Phlegmatic individuals tend to be relaxed, peaceful, quiet, and easy-going. They are sympathetic and care about
others, yet they try to hide their emotions. Phlegmatic individuals are also good at generalising ideas or problems to
the world and making compromises.
II. ABSTRACTION
LEADERSHIP and DECISION MAKING

When we think of what makes a great leader, one characteristic that comes to our mind is decisiveness. We do not
envision successful leader standing around appearing unclear and uncertain, instead we view them as people who
are able to quickly arrive at their decision and communicate the goals to other members.

Leaders often have to make challenges, decisions, such as what directions to move their company in; whether to
have an employee or let them go.

Great leaders understand how to balance emotions and make decisions that particularly impact themselves, their
employees, their customers, shareholders and their organization

THE MEANING OF LEADERSHIP

You can read about many effective organizational and political leaders thru books, newspaper clippings, in the social
media and so many other resources.

The common characteristics of these leaders is their ability to inspire and stimulate others to achieve worthwhile
goals.

Therefore, we can define LEADERSHIP as the ability to inspire confidence and support among the people who are
needed to achieve organizational goals.

OTHER Five (5) DEFINITIONS:

1. A process in which an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal

2. An act that causes others to act or respond in a shared direction
3. The art of influencing people by persuasion or example to follow a line of action
4.An effort to maintain power and control over others
5.The principal dynamic force that motivates and coordinates the organization in the accomplishments of its
objectives.
Importantly, leadership is not only found among people in high-level positions. Leadership is very badly needed in all
levels of the organization.

Leadership as a Partnership and a shared responsibility – The current understanding of leadership is that it is a
partnership between leaders and group members.

Leadership as a relationship –Leadership isn’t something you do to people. It’s something you do with your group
members. Good relationship among members is a major success factor for the top positions in large organizations.

LEADERSHIP versus MANAGEMENT

To understand leadership, it is important to grasp the difference between leadership and management. We’ve
learned that management functions are planning, organizing, directing (or leading) and controlling.
Leading is a major part of a manager’s job, yet manager must also plan, organize and control.

Broadly speaking, leadership deals with the interpersonal aspects of a manager’s task, whereas planning, organizing
and controlling deal with the administrative aspects. Leadership deals with change, inspiration, motivation and
influence.

Distinction of Leadership vs. Management

Leadership vs.
management Leadership Management

Definition Leadership means "the ability of an individual to Management comprises directing and
influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute controlling a group of one or more people or
toward the effectiveness and success of the entities for the purpose of coordinating and
organizations of which they are members." harmonizing that group towards
accomplishing a goal.
Personality Styles Are often called brilliant and mercurial, with great Tend to be rational, under control problem
charisma. Yet, they are also often seen as loners solvers. They often focus on goals,
and private people. They are comfortable taking structures, personnel, and availability of
risks, sometimes seemingly wild and crazy risks. resources. Managers’ personalities lean
Almost all leaders have high levels of imagination toward persistence, strong will, analysis, and
intelligence.

Orientation People-oriented Task-oriented

Focus Leading people Managing work
Outcomes Achievements Results
Approach to tasks Simply look at problems and devise new, creative Create strategies, policies, and methods to
solutions. Using their charisma and commitment, create teams and ideas that combine to
they excite, motivate, and focus others to solve operate smoothly. They empower people by
problems and excel. soliciting their views, values, and principles.
They believe that this combination reduces
inherent risk and generates success
Approach to risk Risk-taking Risk-averse
Role in decision- Facilitative Involved
making
Styles Transformational, Consultative & Participative Dictatorial, Authoritative, Transactional,
Autocratic, Consultative and Democratic
Power through Charisma & Influence Formal authority & Position
Organization Leaders have followers Managers have subordinates
Appeal to Heart Head

THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Leaders are role models who influence culture, the values and actions of the organization and people. The leadership
style practiced by managers and political leaders greatly influence the performance and productivity at the workplace.

A leader needs to constantly adopt some motivational factors to reinforce the employees be motivated in performing
their task in their workplace.

Also, political leaders has to provide a vision to the people; it is the vision which help them direct and redirect their
efforts towards the recent times where changes are rapid in the organization and the community.

III. ASSESSMENT

Leadership Skill Building

Here is an opportunity for you to think through your current level of skill or potential ability to carry out
successfully the ten (10) leadership roles already described. Each role will be listed along with a reminder of one of
its key aspect. Check next to each role whether it is an activity you could carry out now, or something for you will
need more experience and preparation.
For those activities you check as “capable of doing it now” jot down an example of your success in this area.
For example, a person who checked “capable of doing it now” for role No. 7, technical problem solver, might have
written “ I helped the Barangay Officials to let the beneficiaries observed social distancing in the distribution of relief
goods during pandemic in compliance of government protocols.

Leadership Skill Building Exercise 1-1 Capable of Doing Need Preparation

It Now and Experience
1. Figurehead (Engage in ceremonial activities, □ 
represent the group to outsiders)

2.Spokeperson (Answer inquiries, report information □ 

about the group to outsiders)

3. Negotiator (Make deals with others to needed □ 

resources)

4. Coach and Motivator (Recognize achievements, □ 

encourage, give feedback and advice, inspire People

5. Team Builder (Contribute to group morale; hold □ 

meetings to encourage members to talk about
accomplishments and concerns)

6. Team Player (Correct conduct, cooperate with □ 

others to be loyal)

7. Technical Problem Solver (Help group members □ 

solve technical problems, perform individual
contributor tasks)

8. Entrepreneur (Suggest innovative ideas and □ 

further business activity or the group, search
to new undertakings for the group)
9. Strategic planner (Set direction for others based □ 
on external environment)

10. Executor (Makes things happen, often helping □ 

translate plans into action)

In 2 sentences, describe how leadership influences organizational performance and public administration. (10points)
Leadership has a direct cause and effect relationship upon organizations and their success. Leaders determine
values, culture, change tolerance and employee motivation.
V. APPLICATION:
Question to ponder.
1. Which of the ten (10) leadership roles do you think you are most suited of at this stage in your career? Explain.
Answer: Democratic leadership that's the one I think the most suited ofmy career because, one of the most
effective leadership styles because it allows lower-level employees to exercise authority they'll need to use wisely in
future positions they might hold. It also resembles how decisions can be made in company board meetings.

2. Discuss the importance of leadership and decision making that influence the success of business endeavor or in
public administration. Justify your answer.
Answer: A leader combines emotional intelligence with professional know-how and open communication to earn the
trust and respect of her team. A leader teaches as she learns and guides as she directs. Regardless of their
problems, successful leaders do the right things to achieve their goals. For them, integrity, truthfulness and fairness
are core attributes they want to see in their company and its relations with contractors and clients. The importance of
decision-making in business is that your staff will be able to make fewer mistakes as they attempt to accomplish the
goals you've laid out for them. When your employees know that they can trust your judgment, they'll be more likely to
carry out whatever you say.

CATEGORY 10 8 6 4
Quality of Information clearly Information clearly Information clearly Information has little
Information relates to the main relates to the topic. relates to the main or nothing to do with
topic. It includes It provides 1-2 topic. No details the main topic.
several supporting supporting details and/or examples are
details and/or and/or examples. given.
examples.
Mechanics No grammatical, Almost no A few grammatical Many grammatical
spelling or grammatical, spelling or spelling or
punctuation errors. spelling or punctuation errors. punctuation errors.
punctuation errors.

Organization Information is very Information is Information is The information

organized with well- organized with well- organized, but appears to be
constructed constructed paragraphs are not organized.
paragraphs and paragraphs. well-constructed.
subheadings.

Good job! You successfully accomplished your first module. Keep up the good work!
“For I know the plans I have for you, declares the Lord,
plans to prosper you and not to harm you,
plans to give you hope and a good future.”

Jeremiah 29:11

Prepared by:

RAGECIL L. RENTUMA
BPA Instructor

Checked by:

____________________________ MARY JESHIEL F. ALEGRADO, LPT, MAED-ELT

BPA, Department Head IMD Coordinator

Approved:
EDWARD MAGLUCOT, PhD
Dean for Academic Affairs