THUYLOI UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Chemistry and Environment

Division of Environmental Engineering
and Management

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

Lecturer: Bui Thi Thuy, PhD.

Pham Nguyet Anh, PhD.
Email: thuybt@tlu.edu.vn, anhpn@tlu.edu.vn
Mobile: 0911276600, 0913832442
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 THUYLOI UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Chemistry and Environment
Division of Environmental Engineering and Management

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

CHAPTER 1
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

Lecturer: Bui Thi Thuy, PhD.

Email: thuybt@tlu.edu.vn
Mobile: 0911276600
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 Codes of Ethics

NSPE and ASCE

1. Hold paramount the safety, health and
welfare of the public
2. Perform services only in the areas of
competence
3. Issue objective public statements
4. Act as faithful agents or trustees &
avoid conflicts of interest
5. Build professional reputation on the
merit of their services
6. Uphold & enhance the honor,
integrity, and dignity of the
profession
7. Continue their professional
development 3
 Typical Steps of a Project

• Study and Conceptual Design

• Preliminary Design
• Final Design
• Construction
• Operation

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 Who Is Involved in Design?

Owner (City, Utility)

Public Operators

WTP
Regulators Contractor
Project

Lawyers Financiers
Engineer

Ow P R Op C E
L F 5
 Study & Conceptual Design

• Identify Problem (client, engineer, or both)

• Define Problem (client, engineer, or both)

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 Study & Conceptual Design
• What is the problem?
• Who should solve the problem?
• How should the problem be solved?
• What will it cost to solve the problem?
• How will the solution be paid for?
• Who should build the solution?
• How should the solution to be built?
• Was the solution built correctly?
• Can the solution be operated?
• How long will it take to solve the problem?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7
 Preliminary Design

• Water characteristics
• Legal and environmental constraints
• Public interests
• Reliability, design life
• Location
• Cost evaluation
• Funding sources
• Type of contract
• Design standards
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Design Criteria for Mechanical, Electrical, & Fluid
System and Component Reliability
Reliability Class I
Works which discharge into navigable waters that could be
permanently or unacceptably damaged by effluent which as
degraded in quality for only a few hours.
Examples: discharges near drinking water reservoir, into
shellfish waters, near areas of water contact sports
Reliability Class II
Works which discharge into navigable waters that would not be
permanently or unacceptably damaged by short term effluent
quality degradation; but, could be damaged by continued (several
days) effluent quality degradation.
Examples: discharges into recreational waters
Reliability Class III
Works not classified as Class I or II
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Search for and look into:
1. TCXDVN 33-2006: WATER SUPPLY - DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM AND FACILITIES -DESIGN STANDARD
T = 1.5 – 3hrs
U = 0.35 ~ 0.65 mm/s
H=3–4m
Rectangular sedimentation tank:
L:B> 5:1
L:H > 12:1
Re number
Fr number

2. TCXDVN 5-2008: Drainage and sewerage - External

Networks and Facilities Design Standard

Aeration tank:
V = Qxt 10
A = V/D, free board h = 0.3 ~ 0.5 m
 Source of Funds

• Governmental Entity
– Legislated funding
– Grants (federal, state, local)
– Debt (bonds, SRF)
• Private Entity
– Debt (bonds,
financial
institutions)
– Equity
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– Grants
 Ultimate Source of Funds

• Governmental Entity
– Legislated funding
– Direct tax
• sales
(general, set-aside, turnback)
• property
– Use fees

• Private Entity
– Revenues

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 Types of Contracts

• Design, Bid, Build (DBB)

• Design/Build (DB)

• Design, Build, Operate (DBO)

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 Design Standards

• Regulatory
• Accepted
• Experience

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In Class
Project

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 Understanding Chapter 1

1. Read Chapter 1

2. Use the Chapter Review (1-8) to understand

what you should have learned in the chapter

3. Use the Discussion Questions (1-10) to have a

discussion with your friends about what you
think should be done in each case.

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 THUYLOI UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Chemistry and Environment
Division of Environmental Engineering and Management

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DESIGN

CHAPTER 2: GENERAL WATER SUPPLY

DESIGN CONSIDERATION

Lecturer: Bui Thi Thuy, PhD.

Email: thuybt@tlu.edu.vn
Mobile: 0911276600
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 Factors Affecting Design Life

1. Regulatory constraints

2. Rate of population growth

3. Construction costs

4. Interest rate on bonds

5. Useful life of structures & equipment

6. Ease of expansion

7. Hydraulic performance at low and high flow periods

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Design Period & Life Expectancy
Design Life
Type of facility Characteristics period expectancy
Large dams &
difficult to enlarge 40-60 100+
pipelines

Wells easy to replace 15-20 25+

Treatment plants
structures difficult to enlarge 20-25 50+
equipment easy to replace 10-15 10-20

Distribution systems
mains difficult to enlarge 20-25 60+
laterals easy to replace built-out 40+

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Unit Water Use

?
gpd?
122 gpd

?
gpd?
255 gpd

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Variability in Water Use

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s
Sources of Water

• Surface
Surface water • Groundwater
– Quantity – Quantity
• Legal availability • Legal availability
• Physical availability • Physical availability
– Quality – Quality

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g
 Where
does our
water
come
from?

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 Water Quality

• Physical
• Microbiological
• Chemical
• Radiological

National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR)

http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/index.cfm#List

National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations (NSDWR)

http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/secondarystandards.cfm

P C
M R 24
 NPDWR Contaminants

• Organic
• Microorganisms
Chemicals
• Disinfectants • Inorganic
Chemicals
• Disinfectant
By-products • Radiological

National Primary Drinking Water Regulations

http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/index.cfm#List

IC DBP OC R
D M
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 Max Residuals for Disinfectants

Please find out the relevant figure of maximum residuals for

disinfectants in Vietnamese norm for water supply

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Max Contaminant Levels for DBPs

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Water Quality Tests

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Variability in Water Availability

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 Frequency
• Obtain annual runoff data
• For each year
– extract largest (maxima) or smallest event (minima)

– Rank events 1 to N
N +1
– Calculate return periods
tP =
m

N = number of events, m = rank of an event

1
– Calculate probabilities P=
tP
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Minima In-Class Example

runoff
Date (m3/s)
1990 1.15
1991 1.46
1992 0.67
1993 2.38
1994 1.56
1995 1.13

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 Minima In-Class Example

t PP P
1
N +1 P=
tP = tP
Q
Q
Q Q m
Date
Date (m333/s)
(m
(m /s)
/s) Date
Date (m
(m33/s) m (yrs) (decimal) (%)
1990
1990 1.15
1.15
1.15 1992 0.67 1 7.0 0.14 14.3
1991
1991 1.46
1.46
1.46 1995 1.13 2 3.5 0.29 28.6
1992
1992 0.67
0.67
0.67 1990 1.15 3 2.3 0.43 42.9
1993
1993 2.38
2.38
2.38 1991 1.46 4 1.8 0.57 57.1
1994
1994 1.56
1.56
1.56 1994 1.56 5 1.4 0.71 71.4
1995
1995 1.13
1.13
1.13 1993 2.38 6 1.2 0.86 85.7

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Minima Probability

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Water Quality Probability

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Location Location Location

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Plant Layout

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 Protecting the Water Source

http://www.bwdh2o.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/The-Source-Winter-2012.pdf

http://www.fortsmithwater.org/index.shtml 37
The water cycle

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Location of the water treatment plant

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Components of water system
 Raw water intake
 Pumping station 1
 Water treatment plant
 Pumping station 2
 Water supply pipe public network (outside buildings)
 Water supply pipe private network (outside buildings)

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 Understanding Chapter 2

1. Read Chapter 2

2. Use the Chapter Review (2-7) to understand what you

should have learned in the chapter

3. Work on 2-1, 2-6, 2-13 (don’t write but think about the
report)

4. Use the Discussion Questions (2-9) to have a discussion

with your friends about what you think should be done in
each case.

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