Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan: Department Electrical Engineering / Power and Control

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟزﯾتوﻧﺔ اﻷردﻧيﺔ‬
Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan

‫ﻛﻠيﺔ اﻟﻬندﺳﺔ واﻟتكنوﻟوﺟيﺎ‬
" ‫" اﻟﺠﻮدة واﻟﺘﻤ‬ Faculty of Engineering and Technology "‫" ﻋﺮاﻗﺔ وﺟﻮدة‬
"Quality and Excellence" " Tradition and Quality"
Practical Training Report Form - Practical Training Procedures/ Faculty of Engineering and
QF09/0604-3.0 E
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Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Department Electrical Engineering / Power and control
Practical Training Report
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Student Name: Mohamed Wael Mohamed Asi
Department: Electrical Engineering / Power and control
Place of Training: Al-Buraq Factory (Faisal Alsharabti Co.)
Semester: Third
Training Duration: 8 Weeks
Date: 18/9/2021
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Abstract:
The training was carried out at Alburaq Factory (Faisal Alsharabati Co.) / Electrical
Maintenance and control panel assembling Dept. / Amman Abu-Alanda.
Our Main goals was to Cover as much as possible of the academic curriculum and subjects
The activities are summarized into three main parts: -

1- Sales Department
It’s the department that is responsible of getting the bids, obtaining customer requests and
specifications that suits him and giving them to the proper Department.
2- Electrical Panel Department

Its where all of the panels are made and designed from scratch.
3- Maintenance Department
The importance of this Department lies in maintaining all the machines and devices from
malfunctions and maintaining them if any malfunction or problem happens
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Table of Contents
Abstract .................................................................................................................. Page 3
Introduction ............................................................................................................. Page 7
The Training Environment: ...................................................................................... Page 8
DOL Starter for motors ............................................................................................. page 9
Timer Relay ............................................................................................................. page 10
Feeder Pillar ........................................................................................................... Page 11
CT and Digital Multimeter ....................................................................................... Page 12
Position Encoder .................................................................................................... Page 13
Shunt Trip ......................................................................................................……...Page 14
A.T.S ...................................................................................................................... Page 15
Analysis .................................................................................................................. Page 17
Conclusion ............................................................................................................. Page 18
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List of Figures
Figure 1 interior for D.O.L ......................................................................................... page 9

Figure 2 Door Connection for D.O.L ......................................................................... page 9
Figure 3 Exterior for D.O.L ........................................................................................ page 9
Figure 4 wiring diagram for 24H Timer .................................................................... page 10
Figure 5 Application for timer Usage ....................................................................... page 10
Figure 6 Application for Auto/Manual System ......................................................... page 10
Figure 7 Interior for Feeder Pillar Panel .................................................................. page 11
Figure 8 Door wiring for Feeder Pillar Panel ........................................................... page 11
Figure 9 Exterior for Feeder Pillar Panel ................................................................. page 11
Figure 10 Current Transformer ................................................................................ page 12
Figure 11 Wiring Diagram for Multimeter ................................................................. page 12
Figure 12 Digital Multimeter ..................................................................................... page 12
Figure 13 Rotary Encoder with shaft ....................................................................... page 13
Figure 14 Linear Encoder ........................................................................................ page 13
Figure 15 Rotary Encoder with Wheel ..................................................................... page 13
Figure 16 Shunt Release ......................................................................................... page 14
Figure 17 Shunt Trip ................................................................................................ page 14
Figure 18 Over/Under Voltage Relay ...................................................................... page 14
Figure 19 A.T.S Panel ............................................................................................. page 16
Figure 20 Exterior A.T.S Panel ................................................................................ page 16
Figure 21 Motorized Change Over .......................................................................... page 16
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List of Tables
Table ATS modes of operation ............................................................................................... Page 18
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Introduction
Evolution and development
AL-Buraq factory is a national factory in Jordan presents solutions for electrical installation
(lighting, control and distribution systems).
The electrical panels department was established in 1999 AD Since then, this section has seen many
developments in the technical level.
For the control and distribution panels the factory manufactures them from the beginning; -
Cutting and folding the metal sheets according to the panel Size is the first step Then assembling
the parts which will be suitable for the customers
The factory has more than 200 products including all kind of plastic fittings, cable trays, Lighting
poles and hangar, aluminum lantern, home heaters, electric connecter and more…. all these products
are produced in modern machines that need to be maintenance regularly.
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The Training Environment:
The Factory was built in Amman Abu Alanda right next to the Jordan Customs in 1990 AD at the
Industrial area.
the training time was starting at 7:00 am where we take the first check around the factory making
everything is working perfectly and due to the large quantity and variety of machines in the factory,
there are many systems, equipment and parts to learn and understand
we spend the majority of the time in the electrical panel department where the engineers were more
than helpful and keen to obtain both of the applied and theoretical knowledge.
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Assigned tasks or projects

1- DOL Starter for Motors
DOL Starter (Direct Online Starter) is also known as “across the line starter”. DOL starter is a
device consist of main contactor, protective devices and overload relay which is used for motor
starting operations. It is used for low rating usually below 5HP motors.
In direct online starter method of motor starting, the motor stator windings is directly connected to
the main supply where the DOL protect the motor circuit from high inrush current which may
damage the overall circuit as the initial current is much more higher than the full rated current.
Construction of DOL Starter:
A DOL or Direct Online starter has simply two buttons; Green and Red, where the green button is
used for starting and the red is used for stopping the motor. The green button connects the terminals
and closes the circuit while the red button disconnects the terminals and breaks the circuit. We also
use overload relay, also referred to as a relay switch, is a device that opens the circuit in the event
of an electrical, thermal or power overload. When mounted with a contactor they create a motor
starter. Overload relays are normally closed, meaning they only open if they experience an
overload. They are used to protect motors from damage in a number of applications across
industrial and commercial sectors, among others. They are available in a number of current ratings
which can be adjustable on some models.
Figure 1 interior for D.O.L Figure 2 Door Connection for D.O.L Figure 3 Exterior for D.O.L
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2- Timer Relay
Time delay relays control the flow of electrical power and can be used to control power to
many different types of electrical loads. Combining electromechanical output relay capability
with control circuitry, these relays are pre-engineered to perform up to eleven-time delay
functions. Here is how they work and the types of functions they can perform.
All time delay relays perform eleven specific functions. These are standardized across brands.
The desired function is selected via the turn of a knob or through some other interface. At the
preset time, a signal from the control circuit is fed into the relay, starting the relay function.
The electrical power at the power input of the relay is then switched to output.
The most famous Four types are

1- on delay
2- Off delay
3- 24H Timer
4- Programable Timer
Figure 4 wiring diagram for 24H Timer Figure 5 Application for timer Usage Figure 6 Application for Auto/Manual System
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3- Feeder Pillar
Low-voltage feeder pillars and cutouts are a fundamental part of most public and surprisingly
many private distribution networks. The requirements and standards for feeder pillars have
advanced considerably in the last ten years, and continue to do so. The author describes how
the need for much improved operator safety, fewer restrictions in operation and more
flexibility in use, has had and continues to have considerable influence on feeder pillar designs
A feeder line is a peripheral route or branch in a network, which connects smaller or more
remote nodes with a route or branch carrying heavier traffic. The term is applicable to any
system based on a hierarchical network.
In telecommunications, a feeder line branches from a main line or trunk line.
In electrical engineering, a feeder line is a type of transmission line. In addition, Feeders are
the power lines through which electricity is transmitted in power systems. Feeder transmits
power from Generating station or substation to the distribution points. They are similar to
distributors except the fact that there is no intermediate tapping done and hence the current
flow remains same at the sending as well as the receiving end. In radio engineering, a feeder
connects radio equipment to an antenna, usually open wire (air-insulated wire line) or twinlead
from a shortwave transmitter. In power engineering, a feeder line is part of an electric
distribution network, usually a radial circuit of intermediate voltage.
The concept of feeder lines is also important in public transportation. The term is particularly
used in US air travel and rail transport. Efficient, high-capacity routes connect important nodes
while feeder lines connect these nodes to departure and destination points.
Figure 7 Interior for Feeder Pillar Panel Figure 8 Door wiring for Feeder Pillar Panel Figure 9 Exterior for Feeder Pillar Panel
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4- Current Transformer and Digital multimeter
A current transformer is a device used to produce an alternating current in its secondary,

which is proportional to the AC current in its primary. This is primarily used when a current or
voltage is too high to measure directly. The induced secondary current is then suitable for
measuring instruments or processing in electronic equipment, which typically needs isolation
between the primary and secondary circuit.
This reduction of high-voltage currents allows for a convenient way of safely monitoring the
actual electrical current flowing in an AC transmission line using a standard ammeter. An
electrical CT differs from a voltage or power transformer because it consists of only one or
very few turns as its primary winding. What also sets it apart from a voltage transformer is
that the primary current is not dependent on the secondary load current but instead is
controlled by an external load. The CT ratio is equal to the number of secondary turns. This
ratio is based on the primary conductor passing once through the transformer window.
Classifications and Types
Current transformers can be classified into two separate groups. The first, a measuring
current transformer, is used along with measuring devices for the magnitude of current,
energy and power. The other, a protective current transformer, is used along with protection
equipment, including trip coils, relays, etc.
Digital multimeters are the models that show the measurements on a digital screen. They
can have different modes. These models are preferred more since they provide higher quality
measurement than the analogous models. Digital measurement means more accurate
measurement.
Another important factor to prefer digital multimeters is that analogous models cannot be
mounted to the electric panels. Additionally, digital models can be remotely controlled. The
most advanced models can measure the voltage, current, resistance, frequency,
inductance, capacity, conductivity, decibel, duty cycle and temperature values together.
Figure 10 Current Transformer Figure 11 Wiring Diagram for Multimeter Figure 12 Digital Multimeter
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5- Position Encoder
An encoder is a sensor which turns a position into an electronic signal.

There are two forms:
- Absolute encoders give an absolute position value.
- Incremental encoders count movement rather than position. With detection of a datum
position and the use of a counter, an absolute position may be derived.
-
The position may be measured as either linear or angular position
- Linear encoder, converts linear position to an electronic signal
- Rotary encoder, converts rotary position to an electronic signal
Absolute encoder maintains position information when power is removed from the encoder.[5] The position
of the encoder is available immediately on applying power. The relationship between the encoder value and
the physical position of the controlled machinery is set at assembly; the system does not need to return to a
calibration point to maintain position accuracy.
Absolute encoder will immediately report changes in position, which is an essential capability in some
applications. However, it does not report or keep track of absolute position. As a result, the mechanical
system monitored by an incremental encoder may have to be homed (moved to a fixed reference point) to
initialize absolute position measurements.
A linear encoder is a sensor, transducer or readhead paired with a scale that encodes
position. The sensor reads the scale in order to convert the encoded position into an analog or
digital signal, which can then be decoded into position by a digital readout (DRO) or motion
controller.
A rotary encoder, also called a shaft encoder, is an electro-mechanical device that converts
the angular position or motion of a shaft or axle to analog or digital output signals.
Figure 13 Rotary Encoder with shaft Figure 14 Linear Encoder Figure 15 Rotary Encoder with Wheel
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6- Shunt Trip and Over/under voltage relay
The shunt trip breaker is a combination of the shunt trip accessory and the main circuit
breaker. This installs on the main breaker to add protection to your electrical system. This
adds security to your electrical system as it manually or automatically cuts the electric supply
in your circuit.
This accessory can help prevent short circuits and avoid electrical damage should a disaster
occur in your home.
The shunt trip definition means that it is a way to cut off electrical power through other
sensors, not just via thermal activation. Since this is an optional accessory for a circuit
breaker, it is not required for a home electrical system.
Over-voltage protection is necessary to prevent damage as a result of electrical transients. It

is a power supply feature which shuts down the supply or clamps the output when the voltage
exceeds a preset level. Most power supplies use an over-voltage protection circuit to prevent
damage to the electronic components. They offer some form of overvoltage-protect (OVP)
circuit to detect and then quickly pull down the overvoltage. Here introduces the Zener diode
protection, which is the most common way.
Undervoltage protection is commonly used to protect motors from damage during abnormal
conditions and to prevent breaker-fed motors from re-accelerating after a restoration of bus
voltage. This protection method has the unfortunate consequence of introducing the possibility of a
nuisance trip when VT's fail. This paper explores fundamentals of under voltage protection as well
as pros and cons of different methods that can be deployed to prevent VT failure from causing
costly outages. Case studies will be presented as well as methods which include both monitoring
of hardwired VT status contacts and internal relay algorithms.
Figure 16 Shunt Release Figure 17 Shunt Trip Figure 18 Over/Under Voltage Relay
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7- Automatic Transfer Switch (A.T.S)
An automatic transfer switch (ATS) is a self-acting, intelligent power switching device governed by
dedicated control logic. The principal purpose of an ATS is to ensure the continuous delivery of
electrical power from one of two power sources to a connected load circuit (electrical equipment –
lights, motors, computers, etc.).
The control logic or automatic controller is typically microprocessor-based and constantly monitors the
electrical parameters (voltage, frequency) of primary and alternate power sources. Upon failure of the
connected power source, the ATS will automatically transfer (switch) the load circuit to the other power
source (if it is available). As a general rule, most automatic transfer switches seek connection to the
primary power source (utility) by default and will only connect to the alternate power source
(enginegenerator, backup utility) when required (primary source failure) or requested to do so (operator
command).
A typical transfer sequence includes: -
1- The normal utility power source fails.

2- The transfer switch shifts the load to the emergency power source when power from the
generator or backup utility feed is stable and within prescribed voltage and frequency
tolerances. Depending on a facility’s needs and preferences, the transfer process is self-acting or
manuallyinitiated.
3- The transfer switch returns the load from the emergency power source to the normal power
source when utility power is restored. The retransfer process is self-acting or manually-initiated.
ATS modes of operation

Manual Transfer initiation and operation are performed manually, typically by pushing a
button or moving a handle; initiation occurs locally
Non-automatic Manually initiate a transfer by pressing a button or rotating a switch to cause an

internal electromechanical device to electrically operate the switching
mechanism; initiation can occur locally or remotely
Automatic Transfer switch controller is self-acting and completely manages both initiation
and operation; initiation is triggered when the automatic controller senses an
unavailability or loss of source power followed by operation of the switching
mechanism
Table ATS modes of operation
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Different ATS transition types
Transfer switches transition loads between normal and emergency power sources with open or closed
options. The specific functions performed by a given load and the importance of those functions to
safety or security play an important role in determining which kind of transition is required
Open transition
An open transition is a break-before-make transfer. The transfer switch breaks its connection to one
power source before making a connection to the other. Open transitions include open-delayed and open
in-phase.
Closed transition
A closed transition is a make-before-break transfer. The transfer switch makes a connection to a second
power source before breaking its connection with the first power source. As there’s no gap between
disconnection and connection, downstream loads receive continuous power throughout the transfer
process.
Figure 19 A.T.S Panel Figure 20 Exterior A.T.S Panel Figure 21 Motorized Change Over
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Analysis
In the training program, I got many important things, and these things were especially
focused on During the training period, many things were identified, such as the
installation of panels, and many panels were installed and installed in the work sites, and
many pieces were identified.
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Conclusions and Recommendations
According to the material obtained, whether theoretical or practical, all is what was
obtained from the training program in general but covers many important areas in
Specializing in electrical engineering, and there was a general focus on panels and
maintenance of some equipment, and some scientific information specialized in
electrical engineering was obtained, in addition to identifying a many of electrical parts
QF09/0604 – page 18/18

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‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟزﯾتوﻧﺔ اﻷردﻧيﺔ‬

Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan

Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Department Electrical Engineering / Power and control

Practical Training Report

QF09/0604 – page 1/18

Student Name: Mohamed Wael Mohamed Asi

Department: Electrical Engineering / Power and control

Place of Training: Al-Buraq Factory (Faisal Alsharabti Co.)

Training Duration: 8 Weeks

QF09/0604 – page 2/18

The activities are summarized into three main parts: -

2- Electrical Panel Department

QF09/0604 – page 3/18

Abstract .................................................................................................................. Page 3

Introduction ............................................................................................................. Page 7

The Training Environment: ...................................................................................... Page 8

DOL Starter for motors ............................................................................................. page 9

Timer Relay ............................................................................................................. page 10

Feeder Pillar ........................................................................................................... Page 11

CT and Digital Multimeter ....................................................................................... Page 12

Position Encoder .................................................................................................... Page 13

Shunt Trip ......................................................................................................……...Page 14

A.T.S ...................................................................................................................... Page 15

Analysis .................................................................................................................. Page 17

Conclusion ............................................................................................................. Page 18

QF09/0604 – page 4/18

Figure 1 interior for D.O.L ......................................................................................... page 9

QF09/0604 – page 5/18

Table ATS modes of operation ............................................................................................... Page 18

QF09/0604 – page 6/18

QF09/0604 – page 7/18

The Training Environment:

QF09/0604 – page 8/18

Assigned tasks or projects

QF09/0604 – page 9/18

The most famous Four types are

QF09/0604 – page 10/18

QF09/0604 – page 11/18

4- Current Transformer and Digital multimeter

A current transformer is a device used to produce an alternating current in its secondary,

QF09/0604 – page 12/18

An encoder is a sensor which turns a position into an electronic signal.

QF09/0604 – page 13/18

6- Shunt Trip and Over/under voltage relay

Over-voltage protection is necessary to prevent damage as a result of electrical transients. It

QF09/0604 – page 14/18

7- Automatic Transfer Switch (A.T.S)

A typical transfer sequence includes: -

1- The normal utility power source fails.

ATS modes of operation

Non-automatic Manually initiate a transfer by pressing a button or rotating a switch to cause an

Table ATS modes of operation

QF09/0604 – page 15/18

Different ATS transition types

QF09/0604 – page 16/18

QF09/0604 – page 17/18

Conclusions and Recommendations

QF09/0604 – page 18/18

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