The engine terminologies are detailed below,

CYLINDER:
It is a cylindrical vessel or space in which the piston makes a reciprocating motion. It
provides sealed space for compression of air-fuel mixture to provide conditions for the
combustion.
PISTON:
It is a cylindrical component fitted to the cylinder which transmits the bore of explosion
to the crankshaft. It converts pressure produced due to combustion of fuel into a rotating
motion of the crank shaft.
COMBUSTION CHAMBER:
It is the space exposed in the upper part of the cylinder where the combustion of fuel
takes place. It is the space obtained by the piston reaching the upper (/inner) dead center
and the cylinder head.
CONNECTING ROD:
It inter connects the piston and the crankshaft and transmits the reciprocating motion of
the piston into the rotary motion of crankshaft. It results in formation of the slider crank
mechanism. It normally of I-cross section to provide the strength required.
CRANKSHAFT:
It is a solid shaft from which the power is transmitted to the clutch. It is one of the most
important parts of the engine as it delivers the power output of engine to the driving
mechanism.
CAM SHAFT:
It is drive by the crankshaft through timing gears and it is used to control the opening and
closing of two valves. The cam shaft achieve this by which the rotary motion of the
engine and translates it into the reciprocating motion necessary to operate the intake and
exhaust valves of the cylinders.
CAM:
These are made as internal part of the camshaft and are designed in such a way to open
the valves at the current timing. The shape of cam enables the cam shaft to achieve its
use.
PISTON RINGS:
It provides a tight seal between the piston and cylinder wall and preventing leakage of
combustion gases. It also provides lubrication for the reciprocating motion of the piston
within the cylinder.
GUDGEON PIN:
It forms a link between the small end of the connecting rod and the piston. It connects the
piston and connecting rod and
Giveallows the free motion
more description relative to each other.
of each part

INLET MANIFOLD:
The pipe which connects the intake system to the inlet valve of the engine end through
which air or air fuel mixture is drawn in to the cylinder.
EXHAUST MANIFOLD:
The pipe which connects the exhaust system to the exhaust valve of the engine through
which the product of combustion escape in to the atmosphere.
INLET AND EXHAUST VALVE:
They are provided on either on the cylinder head or on the side of the cylinder and
regulating the charge coming in to the cylinder and for discharging the product of
combustion from the cylinder.
FLYWHEEL:
It is a heavy steel wheel attached to the rear end of the crank shaft. It absorbs energy
when the engine speed is high and gives back when the engine speed is low.
TOP DEAD CENTER:
This refers to the position of the crankshaft when the piston is in its top most position,
i.e., the position closest to the cylinder head.
BOTTOM DEAD CENTER:
This refers to the position of the crankshaft when the piston is in lowest position, i.e., the
position farthest from the cylinder head.
NOMENCLATURE:
Bore: This is the inner diameter of the engine cylinder.
Stroke: Distance traveled by the piston in moving from TDC to the BDC is called stroke.
Engine capacity: This is a total piston displacement or the swept volume of all the
cylinders.
Power: It is the work done in a given period of time.
Compression ratio: It is a ratio of volume when the piston is at the bottom dead center to
the volume when the piston is at top dead center.
Compression ratio = Maximum cylinder volume / Minimum cylinder volume.
INDICATED POWER:
The power developed within the engine cylinders is called indicated power. This is
calculated from the area of the engine indicator diagram. It is usually expressed in
kilowatts (kW).
BRAKE POWER:
This is the actual power delivered at the crankshaft. It is obtained by deducting various
power losses in the engine from the indicated power. It is measured with a dynamometer
and is expressed in kilowatts (kW). It is always less than the indicated power, due to
frictional and pumping losses in the cylinders and the reciprocating mechanism.
ENGINE TORQUE:
It is the force of rotation acting about the crankshaft axis at any given instant of time.