Dignadice Aaron A Design of Auto Transfer Motor Starting System

Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-PSP
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

Lucena City
Document Title: Project Study Proposal
An Autonomous University Page No.: Page 1 of 128
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DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Effectivity Date: August 2019
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE Prepared by: DCAVRKMI
Reviewed by: QMR
QUALITY FORM Approved by: President
“A Design of Auto Transfer Motor Starting System”
A Project Study
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Engineering
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation University
Lucena City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Program
by
Aaron Palacpac Dignadice

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May 2020
Approval Sheet
This project study hereto entitled:
A DESIGN OF AUTO TRANSFER MOTOR STARTING SYSTEM
Prepared and submitted by Aaron P. Dignadice in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering has been examined and is hereby
recommended for acceptance and approval for Final Examination.
ENGR. MELISSA R. SERRANO
Adviser
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ____________________%
ENGR. HANNAH A. BALMES ENGR. RAMELA RAMIREZ
Member Member
BENILDA N. VILLENAS Ph.D.
Chairperson
Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in
Electrical Engineering.
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DR. GUILLERMO M. RAGO JR. RCE, Ed.D.
Dean, College of Engineering
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Acknowledgement
First of all, I would like to thank Almighty God for a gift of continuous blessings,
guidance, strength, perseverance and knowledge throughout the process of doing this project
study.
The accomplishment of this project study would never be possible without the help and
support of many individuals who give time, effort and knowledge to the researcher on pursuing
this project study. Sincere thanks and eternal gratitude to the following people.
To my project study adviser Engr. Melissa R. Serrano for her patience, motivations,
knowledge and unending guidance throughout the process of this project study.
To the Dean of the College of Engineering, Dr. Guillermo M. Rago Jr. RCE, Ed.D, for
giving me an opportunity, inspiration and motivation of finishing my college degree, to study and
work harder for the best result of all degree requirements especially for this project study, and to
become successful engineer someday

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To the Chairwoman of ETEEAP Dr. Benilda N. Villenas, PhD for her utmost support of
the ETEEAP program that gives an opportunity to have a college degree especially for the
OFW’s.
To the College of Engineering faculty members for their advice, teachings, inspiration,
motivations and support during the process of making this project study.
To the Crew Members, Officers and Engineers of MT El Zorro shipping vessel for their
help and support on gathering data, shared information and experiences that is crucial on making
this project study.
Researcher
Dedication
To my Family, my wife Mary Ann Dignadice, thank you for the unending support and
always being there for me, for your love, care and made me to become a better version of myself
and help me to reach my dreams. For my Kids, Kyle and Daphne you are my inspiration, and I
dedicate this project to them.
To my parents, Danilo Dignadice and Evelyn Dignadice, my brother and sister, Daniel
Dignadice and Twinkle Dignadice, thank your kindness, trust, and for always being there for me.
To our project study adviser, Engr. Melissa R. Serrano, for being patient, supportive, and
for giving me the motivation that I needed. To the Engineering Department Professors, Engr.
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Sedenio, Engr. Balmes and Engr. Lopez for giving me the best advice, reminders, ideas and
suggestions. Thank you so much!
To my Batch mates, ETEEAP- OFW 2019-2020, I am so thankful for being supportive to
each other and I am so proud to be part of this group. You guys are amazing!
More importantly, to our Lord Jesus, thank you for the gift of wisdom, your provision,
blessing and love. Everything is possible with You My Lord.
Researcher
“For I know the plans I have for you,” declares the Lord, “plans to prosper you and not
to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.”
Jeremiah 29:11
Table of Contents
Title Page 1
Approval Sheet 2
Acknowledgement 3
Dedication 4
Table of Contents 5
List of Table 8
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List of Figures 10
I. Research Title 12
II. Name of the Researcher 12
III. Project study
Abstract 12
1. Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study 13
1.2 Objectives of the Study 14
1.3 Significance of the Study 15
1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study 16
1.5 Conceptual Framework 16
1.6 Definition of Terms 17
1.7 Acronyms 17
2. Review of Literature and Related Studies 18
3. Methods and Procedures
3.1 Research Design 37
3.2 Research Environment 37
3.3 Procedures 38
3.4 Design Concept 42

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4. Result and Discussion
4.1 Data Gathering and Analysis 43
4.2 Design 46
4.3 Fabrication 74
4.4 Testing and Evaluation 82
4.5 Summary of Findings 85
5. Conclusion and Recommendation 87
6. References 89
7. Appendices
A. Review Literature Figures 92
B. Table 4.30.14.4 Full Load Current, Three-Phase Alternating Current Motors 95
C. Table 3.10.1.16 Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors 96
D. Table 4.30.14.16 Motor Branch Circuit Overcurrent Protection 97
E. Design Components and Specification 98
F. Memorandum of Understanding 99
G. Survey Result 102
H. Gannt Chart 103
I. Data Gathering and Site Visit 104
J. Survey Questionnaire 105
K. Grammar Certification 106

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L. Turnitin Certification 107
IV. Research Governance and Ethics 108
V. Expected Outputs and Deliveries 108
VI. Target beneficiaries of Research Results 108
VII. Dissemination Plan 109
VIII. Activities 109
8. Curriculum Vitae 110
List of Table
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Table No. Title Page
1 Modified Likert Scale 42
2 Induction Motor Specification 46
3 Motor Control No.1 Components 48
4 Motor Control No.1 Power Circuit Components 49
5 Motor Control No.1 Power Circuit Load Schedule 50
6 Motor No.1 Control Circuit Components 53
7 Load Schedule of Motor No.1 Control Circuit 54
8 Total Load of Motor Control Circuit No.1 56
9 Motor Control No.2 Panel Components 57
10 Motor Control No 2 Power Circuit Design 58
11 Power Circuit No.2 Load Schedule 59
12 Table12. Motor No.2 Control Circuit Components 62
13 Load Schedule of Motor No.2 Control Circuit 63
14 Total Load of Motor Control Circuit No.2 65
15 Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Components 66
16 Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Circuit Components 68
17 Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Load Schedule 68
18 Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel for ECR Components 69

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19 Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Circuit for ECR Components 70
20 Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel for WHC Components 71
21 Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Circuit for WHC Components 72
22 Bill of Materials for Prototype Fabrication 82
23 Prototype Testing 83
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List of Figure
Figure No. Title Page
1 Conceptual Framework Paradigm 16
2 Schematic Diagram of existing Steering Gear Motor Starter
3 Block Diagram of Auto Transfer Motor Starting System 50
4 Schematic Diagram of Auto Transfer Motor Starting System 50
5 Process Flow Chart of Auto Transfer Motor Starting System 41
6 Block Diagram of Layout Design 47
7 Motor Control No 1 Layout Design 48
9 Motor No.1 Control Circuit Diagram 53
10 Motor Control No.2 Panel Layout Design 57
12 Motor No.2 Control Circuit Diagram 62
13 Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Layout 66
14 Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring System Circuit Diagram 67

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15 Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Layout for ECR 69
16 Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Circuit Diagram for ECR 70
17 Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Layout for WHC 71
18 Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Circuit Diagram for WHC 72
19 Ships Supply Single Line Diagram 73
20 Materials for Prototype Fabrication 75
21 Materials for Prototype Fabrication 76
22 Tools used for Fabrication of Prototype 77
23 Fabrication of Panel Box 78
24 Installation of Pilot Lamps for Alarm panel 79
25 Circuit Assembly for Motor Control and Auto Transfer Starter 80
26 Final Output of Designed Prototype 81

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I. Research Title A DESIGN OF AUTO TRANSFER MOTOR STARTING SYSTEM
II. Name of Researcher AARON P. DIGNADICE

Degree Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
Researchers Contact Details aarondignadice@gmail.com Cell no. 09174692359
Name of Research Adviser Engr. Melissa R. Serrano
III. Project Study Proposal
Abstract
Safety is one of the first and foremost things an individual or a group should consider in
their work. From the employees itself to their actual workplace. At most, machineries are
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handled manually by the employees in normal operation. But this gives a disadvantage of
whether or not the people who handle can act quickly and effectively during system failure.
And so the purpose of this study is to introduce a design for an Auto Transfer Motor Starter
System for Ship’s Steering Gear that ensures the continuous ship control. This design may
provide a plausible option for an operation without interruption all the time. This includes an
independent motor starter for each electric motor of steering gear, an integrated alarm monitoring for
the motor and electro-hydraulic steering gear to monitor the condition of the whole system, and an
Auto Transfer Motor Starter control that will start the standby electric motor in an event of alarms
and failures. The materials to be used will be obtained from the marine electrical purchasing and
local market that comply ships standard. The design uses the following materials such as magnetic
contactor, control relay, selector switch, start and stop pushbutton, LED pilot light, tape wire, and
circuit breakers. Upon the investigation and gathering of data, the intended design will be
evaluated through surveys from the involved personnel, and testing of prototype to verify the
effectiveness and overall function of the control circuit design that may help the improvement of
the entire system functions.
The overall results presented are strongly agreed upon by the respondents with its relevant
information presented that further open up the opportunity for additional improvement of the
intended design.
Keywords : Ship’s Safety, Auto Transfer Motor Starter, Control Circuit Design
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1. Introduction
1.1. Background of the Study
Safety, the first and the most important word a company emphasize and strictly reminded
in a briefing before we start working for them, also the first consideration we always think before
doing a job, but safety is not limited in our everyday actions, we also consider the place we
work, the people and especially our equipment in industrial type of job.
The purpose of the researcher with the design idea is to improve, enhance and modernize
the existing safety functions of the motor control system currently used in ships. The existing
motor control starter requires human intervention in order for the backup starter of the steering
gear to continue to work. While the new research design motive is to fully automate the safety
function of the motor control.
With the new design, it helps lessen the time of resolving stoppage of the steering gear as
it will no longer need human mediation in order for the back up to fully function. Since it is now
fully automated, once failure is detected by the system, the backup will be triggered by an alarm
for it to start and continue to operate.
A Design of Auto Transfer Motor Starting System for Ships Electro-Hydraulic Steering
Gear will definitely help a ship in preventing such situation again by providing additional
safety circuit design on the Steering gear system.

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The Data and proof of the existing problem of present system design are attached on the
appendices which the researcher wants to address.
1.2. Objectives of the Study
The main objective of this study is to design and develop an Auto Transfer Motor
Starting System for Ships Electro-Hydraulic Steering Gear
Furthermore, this study aims the following specific objectives.
1. To design an Auto transfer starter circuit for motor control starter system.
2. To design the circuit of an Auto transfer starter motor control starter system.
3. To fabricate a prototype of an Auto transfer starter circuit for motor control starter
system based from the designed circuit.
4. To test and evaluate the prototype in terms of designed circuit’s function and
effectiveness
1.3. Significance of the Study
This study is significant for the following

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To the ship's engineers who can adopt and apply this study as a future reference for ships
that are facing the same problem for additional safety control. It may be an example and
inspiration to provide the other ships equipment and machineries in a safe manner.
To the shipbuilder, this study may help them to consider adding the same control system
as an additional safety to their future ships steering gear motor control design.
To the company, that they may be aware and more open to ideas by the ship's engineer on
providing additional safety design and modification of machineries and equipment’s control not
just for the safety and welfare of the employee but also for the good and interest of the company.
To the researcher. This study may help to acquire skills, knowledge and actual experience
in designing and preparing a complete technical paper for self-improvement in the field of
engineering.
To the future researcher, that this project may help them in their research and it may serve
as an additional reference and guide them for more innovative ways.
1.4. Scope and Limitations of the Study

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This project mainly focuses on the development of an Auto Transfer Motor Starting
System of the ships two electro-hydraulic steering gear and motor control in order to prevent the
ships steering failure.
The study is limited to the use of available materials and standards that commonly used
in a ships electrical controller such as contactor, control relay, selector switch, start button, stop
button, pilot lights, buzzer alarms, and circuit breaker.
This study shall be done on the ship premises to be certified by the Maritime
organization, as the regulations on the maritime electrical installation and modifications stated
that [1] for alterations to existing installations, the need for new documentation must be each
assessed in each case, and so the whole prototype design will be tested with the system but is
subjected to assessment and approval before installation.
The research limits the use of any electronic components due to the ship spare availability
being limited in the use of electrical controller components, only unless it was part of the original
system design.
1.5. Conceptual Framework
Research and Design method was the approach used by the researcher to implement the plan,
this method will help the researcher to answer the questions more effectively.
Fig. 1. Conceptual framework paradigm.

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1.6. Definition of Terms
Electro-Hydraulic relating to a combination of electric and hydraulic mechanism, a
process that uses electrical energy under the surface of liquid, example is the ships steering gear
system
IEC TC 18 is in charge with electrical installations and ships equipment for mobile and
fixed offshore units.
Thermomechanical is designed or relating to the transformation of heat energy into
mechanical work, pertaining to the variation of the mechanical properties of a material with
temperature.
Maritime Law is consist of laws, conventions and agreements that administer private
maritime business and other nautical matters such as shipping or offenses occurring in open
water.
Port side / Starboard side are nautical terms of orientation that deal unambiguously
with the structure of the vessel Port side is the left side of the vessel while Starboard side means
the Right side of the vessel.
1.7. Acronyms
AC - Alternating Current
CB - Circuit Breaker
DOL - Direct On-Line

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DC - Direct Current
ECR - Engine Control Room
IEC - International Electro-technical Commission
IIEE - Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers
IMO - International Maritime Organization
IMPA - International Marine Purchasing Association
LED - Light Emitting Diode
NEMA - National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NEC - National Electrical Code
PEC - Philippine Electrical Code
WHC - Wheel House Control
2. Review of Literature and Related Studies
A motor controllers is a device that helps in regulating the manner in which a motor
works. There are two ways which motor control components can start or stop the motor, either
manual or automatic. [2] The controller is capable of engaging the motor in forward or reverse
rotation, also regulating and limiting the rotary speed, torque, and protecting it against electrical
fails and overloads.

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As evident, there are different kinds of motor controls, and all cannot be controlled by the
same device since different mechanisms are used in each. Most of the motor control components
available, and it's essential to know what they are and what they are used. This helps ensure the
user gets the right device for their motor related component.
Induction Motor
Induction motor also called as an Asynchronous motor is a type of AC electric motor, In
an induction motor, [3] the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained via
electromagnetic induction produced in rotating magnetic field of the stator winding. The
induction motor rotor can be a squirrel cage rotor or wound type rotor.
The induction motor different types depend upon the input supply. It is classified as a)
single phase induction motors and b) three phase induction motors. Single phase induction
motors in a non-self-starting motor while the three phase induction motors are a self-starting
motor. This study will focus on three phase induction motor that is commonly on a shipping
vessel, especially in Electro-Hydraulic Steering gear system
The main body of the Induction Motor made up of two major parts, [4] The Stator is
consists of a number of stampings in which different slots are cut to receive three phase winding
circuit connected to three phase AC supply.
See Appendix A-1

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The three-phase windings are staged in such a manner in the slots, these produce a
rotating magnetic field after AC supply is given to them.
The windings are wound for a specific number of poles depends on the speed
requirement, as speed is inversely proportional to the number of poles, given by the formula:
Ns= 120f/p
Where
Ns= synchronous speed
f = Frequency
p = no. of poles
The Rotor has a cylindrical laminated core upon parallel slots that carry conductor bars.
Conductors are made of heavy copper or aluminum bars that fits in each slot. These
conductors are soldered with copper to the short-circuiting end rings.
See Appendix A-2
The slots are not precisely made parallel with the axis of its shaft yet it is slotted a little
skewed for the following reasons (a). They lessen magnetic hum or noise and (b). They avoid
stalling of the motor
When 3 phase power is supplied to the motor, the resulting current generates a magnetic
flux “Ø”.
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Due to the switching sequence of the three phase current in windings R, Y, and B, the
generated flux rotates around the rotor conductor.
Faraday’s law states that an emf induced in a closed circuit is due to the rate of change of
magnetic flux through the circuit”, Emf is induced in the Copper bar and result of this, current
flows in the rotor. The direction of the rotor can be given by Lenz law which states that – “the
direction of induced current will be in the opposite of the motion causing it.”
It proves that the relative velocity of rotating flux and the static rotor conductor is the
result of current generation; hence the rotor will rotate in the same direction to reduce the cause
i.e. the relative velocity, hence rotating the rotor of the induction motor.
One of their advantages is the design’s high efficiency, which can be as high as 97%. The
main disadvantage of an induction or asynchronous motor is that the speed of the motor differs
with the applied load.
The motor control components, design and calculation is based on the information of the
induction motor, it is necessary for the project study to understand its principle and functions.
Direct On-line Starter (DOL)
Direct On-Line Starter method is a method of starting of a 3 phase induction motor. In
DOL Starter an induction or asynchronous motor is connected directly across its 3-phase supply,
and the DOL starter delivers the full line voltage to the motor terminals. Despite the approach of
direct connection, no harm is done to the motor. [5] A direct on line starter connection can only
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be used supposing that the high inrush current of the motor can’t cause an excessive voltage drop
in the supply circuit. If a need of preventing a high voltage drop, a star delta starter should be
used instead. Direct on line starters are used commonly to start small motors, especially 3 phase
squirrel cage induction motors.
The equation below shows the value of armature current in the motor.
The value of back emf (E) depends upon the speed (N), i.e. E is directly proportional to
N.
At starting, the value of E is zero. So starting current is very high. For small rating motor,
the rotor has more axial length and small diameter. So it gets accelerated fast. Hence, speed
increases and thus the value of armature current decreases rapidly. Thus, small rating motors run
smoothly when it is connected directly to a 3-phase supply. If we directly connect a large motor
across three-phase line, it would not run smoothly and will be damaged, because it does not get
accelerated as fast as a smaller motor considering it is designed with a short axial length and
larger diameter more massive rotor. However, for motors with large ratings, we can use an oil
immersed DOL starter.
A DOL motor starter [5] has protection devices, and in some cases, condition monitoring.
Shown below is a wiring diagram of a DOL starter
See Appendix A-3

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The working principle of a DOL starter starts with the direct connection to the 3-phase
main with the motor. The control circuit is connected to any two phases and energized from them
only. When the start button is pressed, the current flows through a magnetic contactor coil
(magnetizing coil) and control circuit also. The current will energizes the magnetic contactor coil
and close the contacts, and the 3-phase supply becomes available to the motor.
If the stop button is pressed, the current through the contact will be disconnected, the
supply to the motor will not be available, and the similar thing will happen when the overload
relay operates. Since the supply of motor is disconnected, the machine will stop. The magnetic
contactor coil still have a supply even start button is released because it will get supply from the
latching contact.
Theory of [6] Direct On Line Starting System of Induction Motor
Let,
● Ist be the starting current is drawn from the supply mains per phase.
● Ifl is the full load current is drawn from the supply mains per phase.
● Ʈest is the starting torque.

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● Sfl is the slip at full load.
As we know, the rotor copper loss = s x rotor input
On starting, s = 1, I2 = I2st, Ʈe = Ʈest
Therefore,
On full loads = sfl, I2 = I2fl, Ʈe = Ʈefl
Therefore,
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If the no load current is neglected
Equating the equation (6) and (7), we get
From the equation (5) and (8) we get
If V1 = stator voltage per phase equivalent

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Ze10 is the standstill impedance per phase of the motor referred to the stator then the
current at the starting is given by the equation shown below.
The starting current will be equals to the short circuit current.
Combining equation (9) and (10) we get
The steering gear system is using the Direct on line starter method not just because it is
the cheapest and simplest method, but it also provides better operation, control and gives full
torque upon starting, it is important for the study to understand the whole concept of DOL
starting method to fully utilize its advantages to circuit design and cost.
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NEMA and IEC
There are two basic designs in motor control equipment is used on project study, NEMA
and IEC
NEMA is the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Known as U.S largest trade
association of electrical equipment manufacturers. It was established in 1926, making sure that
manufacturers are using a standard frame size for motor control and lighting applications.
This results to the standardization of parts made by different manufacturers. It ensures
that manufacturers design components will meet the safety factors of the design ratings. The
association also prescribes the configuration and performance parameters of the electrical
components.
Those used in distribution, control, power generation, transmission, and end use must
comply with NEMA standards. This has been a difficult and intimidating responsibility, yet
NEMA has carried it out with distinction all through.
The NEMA ratings advantages are that they’re better at withstanding short circuits. Also,
it’s versatility and highly suitable for a wide range of applications.
IEC refers as the International Electro-technical Commission responsible for
implementing the standards of the European electrical communities. It was formed in [7] 1906
and mainly focused on the European market until after World War II.
Now, IEC-certified components are generally being used by an increasing number of
companies in North America and the U.S.

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The advantages of IEC-rated products are low cost, compact, and inherently safe to the
users.
The two standards of rating have a significant similarity. This lies in the solid-state
overload relay, which has evolved rapidly over the past decade. The relays have replaced both
eutectic and bimetal trip mechanisms in many applications.
Still, Bimetal mechanical overload devices generally use today. The solid-state overload
relays used in NEMA vs IEC ratings haveminimal difference. Both NEMA and IEC can be used
in the same application, making the contactors and enclosure be the main difference.
Advantages of using NEMA or IEC controls are:
1. Better motor protection
2. Increased adjustability
3. Jam protection
4. Minimized tipping
There are occasions when each type of classification has its own advantages over the
other. For example, in comparison with NEMA, IEC is less expensive if the operating conditions
are clearly defined.

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Motor Control
Motor Control is defined as a group of devices set up to govern in some predetermined
manner the performance of an electric motor. A motor controller [8] can either be in manual or
automatic for starting and stopping the motor, selecting forward or reverse rotation, selecting and
regulating the speed, regulating or limiting the torque, and protecting it from overloads
and electrical faults. It is also an effective way to reduce costs by using smaller wire and reduced
amperage devices to control a motor,
There are two types of circuits are commonly in motor control, the Line voltage power
circuit and the control circuit.
The power circuit in full-voltage across-the-line starting is made up of the overcurrent
protective device (OCPD), whether fuses or circuit breaker; the line conductors that terminate on
the L1, L2, and L3 connections; the magnetic motor starter device; and the load conductors that
terminate on the T1, T2, and T3 terminals.
The control circuit is made of components of the ladder diagram, examples: start and
stop push buttons, relay coils, pilot lights, and any other variety of contact closure devices, like
limit switches, proximity sensors, pressure switches, temperature controllers, or float switches.
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The control circuit can also be classified as either a two-wire or three-wire depending on the
application. [9] The size of a power circuit is according to the voltage rating of the motor load:
115-V, 200-V, 230-V, 460-V or 575-V. The control circuit can be supplied with same voltage as
the power circuit, but it can also operate at lower voltages by using a machine tool transformer to
step down the voltage to safer levels.
Motor Circuit Breakers
A motor circuit breaker has the same function like an ordinary circuit breaker in that they
protect from overloads and short circuits. In case of overload or short circuit the device trips
switching off the motor. Auxiliary contacts can be fitted to deliver a tripping feedback signal to a
PLC or pilot light indication. Motor Circuit Breakers are commonly used together with
contactors for the control (on/off) of the load. Electro-mechanical links are present between the
motor circuit breaker and the contactor. Some breakers are designed this way that once the
current goes down to its determined range, it automatically turns back on.
As per PEC 2.40.1.6 [10] the Standard Ampere Ratings for Fuses and Fixed-Trip Circuit
Breakers. Standard ampere ratings for fuses and ITD or inverse time circuit breakers shall be
considered 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250,
300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1000, 1200,1600, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000, and
6000 amperes. Fuses additional ampere ratings standard shall be 1, 3, 6, 10, and 601. The use of
fuses and ITD circuit breakers with nonstandard ampere ratings shall be permitted. Circuit
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Breaker can be multiple pole installed with 1, 2 or 3 poles, which will simultaneously protect and
switch one to three lines. The fuse on the other hand, is a single pole installed on a single wire
that could protect a single electric line. The circuit breaker position is easier to detect, it could be
closed, tripped, or open right at the handle, and On the contrary the busted fuse could not be
detected efficiently because the melted fusible element is placed inside the fuse casing. The
circuit breaker can be manually tripped so that in many cases it is also acting as the circuit
switch.
The circuit breaker to be used in this project study will be based on compliance with the
standards required by the Philippine Electrical Code for safety. The literature shows the
consideration the researcher should comply with safety of the overall design.
Magnetic Contactors
Contactors are electro-mechanical components capable of switching on/off the motor
load. Voltage is needed to apply across the coil terminals to switch the contactor on. The
contactor is more suitable for higher power ratings compared to a relay and are not only used for
the purpose of interrupting short circuits. Contactors usually have numbers of contacts, and those
contacts are mostly (but not always) normally-open, so that power to the load is shut off when
the coil is de-energized. The control of electric motors is perhaps the most common industrial
use for contactors.
See Appendix A-4

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The first three contacts of each phase of the 3-phase AC power supply, usually at least
[11] 480 Volts for motors 1 horsepower or greater. An auxiliary contact has a much lower current
rating compared to the contacts for large motor power, but is actuated by the same armature as
the power contacts. The auxiliary contact is commonly used in a relay logic circuit and for some
other part of the motor control, typically switching 120 Volt AC power instead of the motor
voltage. One contactor can have multiple auxiliary contacts, either normally-open or
normally-closed. The three “opposed-question-mark” control symbol in series on each phase
going to the motor are called overload heaters. Each heater or element is made of metal strip with
low-resistance strip designed to heat up as the motor draws current. If any of these heater
elements reaches the critical point temperature (equivalent to a moderate overloading of the
motor), a normally-closed switch contact (not shown in the diagram) will spring open. This
normally-closed contact is commonly connected in series with the relay coil, so that when it
opens the relay will automatically de-energize, thereby shutting off power to the motor. Overload
heaters are designed to provide large electric motors with overcurrent protection, unlike circuit
breakers and fuses which serve the primary purpose of providing overcurrent protection for
power conductors. Overload heater function is often misunderstood. Unlike Fuses, it is not
designed to burn open and directly break the circuit as a fuse is designed to do. Instead, overload
heaters functions are to thermally mimic the heating characteristic of the particular electric motor
to be protected. Thermal characteristics are an aspect of all motors, in addition to the amount of
heat energy generated by resistive dissipation (I2R), the thermal transfer characteristics of heat
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“conducted” to the metal frame of the motor that acts as cooling medium, the physical mass and
specific heat of the materials constituting the motor, etc. These characteristics are the same as the
overload heater, but on a miniature scale: when the motor heats up toward its critical
temperature, so will the heater toward its critical temperature objectively at the same rate and
approach curve. Hence, the overload contact upon sensing of a thermomechanical mechanism the
heater temperature, will sense an analog of the real motor. An indication that the real motor has
reached its critical temperature (or, would have done so in a short while) is when an overload trip
due to excessive heater temperature.. After tripping, the heaters will cool down at the same
progression and approach curve as the real motor, so that they indicate an accurate proportion of
the motor’s thermal condition, not permitting the power to be re-applied to the motor until it is
truly ready for start-up again.
The study will use two magnetic contactor for induction motor in the DOL starting
system, the review provides important data and considerations in selecting the size and ratings of
the device for starter control standards, efficiency and safety.
Timer Relay
Timer Relay is a combination of a control circuit and an electromechanical relay. It is
possible to construct a relay with a built in time delay device that causes the relay contacts to
switch ON or switch OFF after a time delay, these types are called time delay relays or Timer.
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There are two basic types of time delay relay (1) On delay timer or delay on timer (2) Off delay
timer or delay off timer. See Appendix A-5
According to the power supply requirements to drive the time relay work, it can be
divided into [12] AC relay and DC relay, respectively applied for the AC circuits and DV circuit.
In addition, depending on the degree of working voltage, they’re available are 6, 9, 12, 24, and
36, 110, 220, 380, etc. different working voltage can be used depending on a control circuit.
From its contacts, mostly indifference of normally open, normally closed and transition. To
identify the relay appearance, it can be vary from sealed, small, and miniature type.
The project study will use a timer for alarm system, the timer for low level alarm will
delay the signal for 15 seconds before giving an alarm, and the ships rolling at sea give false
level status on hydraulic tank. The literature will help the researcher on selecting the proper type
of timer relay to be used in the design.
Electromechanical Relay
An Electrical relay is an electromagnetically operated switch. A small current is used to
generate a magnetic field in a coil within a magnetic core and this is used to operate a switch that
can control a much larger current. In this way, an electromechanical relay or electrical relay [13]
can use a small current to switch a much larger current and enable both circuits to be electrically
isolated from each other. Electrical relays are made in a different sizes and they can be of a
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variety of different types using slightly different technologies, although they all use the same
basic concept. See Appendix A-6
Although electromechanical relays partially made or using old technology, and solid state
relays / solid state switches might be thought to be a more effective means of switching electrical
current.
Electromechanical relays have some particular properties that make them ideal for many
applications, where other types may not be as effective. That said, solid state switches, solid state
relays or electronic switches are widely used and have taken over in many areas where
electromechanical relays were previously used as electrical switches.
The literature provides guidelines and considerations that are helpful for the researcher on
control circuit design, the types and variety of electromechanical relay in specific use for safety
and efficiency.
Thermal Overload
Thermal overload are used to avoid current overloads causing overheat, irreparable
damage to motors and service disruption. It is made with bimetallic strips that heats up in case of
overcurrent. Auxiliary contacts are actuated in the control circuit when tripping, these will stop
the contactor, stopping the motor to avoid any damage.

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See Appendix A-6
Most of winding faults can be [14] caused indirectly or directly by overloading
(prolonged or cyclic). Also winding faults can be caused by the operation on unbalanced supply
voltage, or single phasing. These effects cause excessive heating which deteriorates winding
insulation and effectively creates electrical faults. Universally adopted rule is that insulation life
is halved for each 10ºC rise in temperature above the rated value. This rule is affected by the
length of time spent at the higher temperature. As electric motors can store large heat capacity, it
means that occasional short duration overloads may not adversely impact the motor. Though,
prolonged overloads of minimal percentage may end in premature ageing and insulation fault.
Next, the motor thermal tolerates capacity is impacted by winding heating prior to a fault. Hence,
it is important that the protection relay properties consider the extremes of zero and full-load
pre-fault. These are known as the 'Cold' and 'Hot' conditions, respectively
The review provides information about the importance of a thermal overload on motor
safety and also the computations for proper rating and the settings needed. Hence, the researcher
would choose the proper Thermal Overload type and capacity.
START and STOP push buttons switch
Push buttons is a device that controls an action on a control circuit. It is based on the
contacts working principle of NO - normally open and NC - normally close type buttons. The
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START button here is used to connect a NO type connection while for STOP button used to
disconnect NC type connection. See Figure at Appendix A-6
It is important for the researcher to understand the principle and use of the control
components.
Electro-Hydraulic
An integration of electrical system in the industry such as a mechanical system gives an
advantage, better performance and wide possible limits of solutions, such as an integration of
electro-hydraulic system. [15] The advantages of hydraulics are well-known. High power
density, easy motion control, high reliability and sturdiness, the possibility of implementing
customized solutions, excellent resistance to vibrations and the capability of absorbing impulsive
loads and, finally, simple thermal exchange management. All these components have made
hydraulic systems capable of withstanding the power actuation in highly different sectors: from
aeronautics to earth handling, from heavy industrial applications (for instance, steel mills) to
civil applications (ex. lifting bridges, dams and so on).
The integration of electrical and hydraulic systems, paved of creating visions of the
numerous benefits of elective. The Better reliability of hydraulic systems, along with more
flexibility, efficiency and diagnostic capabilities, the integration become a way of life, rather than
a futuristic concept.
Steering Gear
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A Steering Gear is the equipment used on ships to turn the ship to left (Port side) or to
right (Starboard side) while in motion during sailing. [16] The Steering Gear works only when
the ship is in motion and, does not work when the ship is stationary. All the ships are to be
equipped with an efficient and reliable main steering gear, an auxiliary steering gear and, except
for very small ships, the main steering gear should be power operated.
The use of One Ram - Two Cylinder [17] Rapson-slide type steering gear satisfy the IMO
(International Maritime Organization) regulation, it has an Efficiency of 70% for
electro‐hydraulic is now recommended rather than the traditional values of 80% or
85%.
The design of the steering gear is important in this study because motor control circuit
will be based on the steering gear motor rating, usage and capacity
Philippine Electrical Code
The Designs, concepts and prototype of any electrical related works for either for
household or industrial should comply on a regulating institution, for this study, the researcher
will strictly follow the Philippine Electrical Code or PEC [18] is used nationally in the
Philippines as the basis for the safety of persons, buildings and its contents from hazards that
may arise from the use of electricity. This Code consist of provision and standards which is
necessary for safety and thus is used as a basis for the legal enforcement in the installation of
electrical system design in the country. Serves as our guide in the safety assessment and
inspection on the completeness of electrical design application.

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The project study will follow the guidelines and standards of PEC for safety and
compliance
Methods and Procedures
2.1. Research Design
The Researcher used the Research and Development method to design, fabricate
and developed an Auto Transfer Motor Starter of Ships Electro-Hydraulic Steering Gear
System.
Materials needed will obtained from IMPA (International Marine Purchasing
Association) through spare parts requisition and from other available spare parts on the
ship such as contactor, control relay, three way selector switch, four way selector switch,
start button, stop button, pilot lights, buzzer alarms, and circuit breaker
The Developed prototype will be tested in terms of safety, effectiveness and
functionality.
2.2. Research Environment
The researcher’s data gathering was done in MT El Zorro, a tanker shipping
vessel where the researcher is currently on-board in which the Auto- Transfer Emergency
Starter of Ships Electro Hydraulic Steering Gear system is needed. The researcher is the
Electrical Officer of the said vessel and responsible for maintenance and repair of all
electrical and electronics equipment on-board. The primary respondent of the research is
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the Navigation Officers who are using the Steering Gear system for ship’s navigation
were information from daily operations and technical problems they experiences, the
Engineers who are involved in maintaining and their experiences on overall mechanical
operation of ships steering gear. The data and information they shared is vital in the
overall design of Auto Transfer Motor Starter System.
For the secondary data gathering, internet and library research were used together
with the accumulated data from interviews, surveys, discussion and experiences of the
respondents.
2.3. Procedures
The researcher followed the following procedures to complete the research study.
3.3.1 Data Gathering and Analysis
This is the actual design, process and development where researcher will gather
all the requirements for the project. Study and analyze the existing design of the Ships
Steering Gear system, electric motor control of the proposed project circuit design. The
overall functions, the capacity, sensors, instrumentations ,local motor starter controller,
the remote starters on Engine Control and Bridge navigation control, connections the
ships system general alarms system.

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Observation. The researcher and ship’s personnel involved in the ships steering
gear control, the limitation of human intervention in the system, importance an additional
system control and the recurrence of the problem in steering gear system.
Library and Internet Research. To add information, to expand the ideas, and to
prove the gathered data from the researcher’s observations, knowledge, and respondents,
library and internet research were carried out.
3.3.2 Design
The design of improving the existing steering gear motor control starter system
that is independent to each motor, the starting of both motors can only be done through
manual starting from local panel or from two remote starter, in case of any failures or
alarm the operator should start the standby motor manually.

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Fig. 2 Schematic Diagram of existing Steering Gear Motor Starting System
A control system design that will incorporate the motor control, starters of
Electro-Hydraulic Steering Gear system, including integrated alarm monitoring circuit of the two
Hydraulic System and Motor Control starter panel, a circuit design that monitor the alarm on the
system and will automatically start the available steering gear motor in the event of any
abnormality. Alarm indicator and connection with ships general alarm system.
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Fig. 3 Block Diagram of Auto Transfer Motor Starting System
Fig. 4 Schematic Diagram of Auto Transfer Motor Starting System
3.3.3 Fabrication
A Prototype to be fabricated will be based on an overall specification, design that
focus on being more reliable because of its improve functions and controls ensuring
continuous operation of a steering gear system, ready to automatically transfer and start
the standby motor control and hydraulic units due to abnormalities and failures.
The flow chart shows the proposed improved functions and design of Auto
Transfer Motor Control of Ships Electro-Hydraulic Steering Gear System

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Fig. 5 Process Flow Chart of Auto Transfer Motor Starting System of Ships Electro-Hydraulic
Steering Gear System
3.3.4 Testing and Evaluation
The researcher will conduct a testing and evaluation by creating two motor
control that will simulate the Steering gear motor starter, a prototype of the circuit design
for testing of its effectiveness and function. A survey instrument will be fielded among
industry experts to evaluate the functionality and effectiveness of the designed prototype.
Weighted mean was used to analyze the data set retrieved from the survey.
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Weighted Mean
X - the repeating value
W - the number of occurrences of X (weight)
The results will be interpret based on the computed weighted mean and on the
results of the prototype testing.
A modified Likert scale will be used to determine the rating for each evaluation
criteria, as follows:
Scale Remarks Verbal Interpretation

4.21-5.00 5 - Strongly Agree Very High
3.41-4.20 4 - Agree High
2.61-3.30 3 - Moderately agree Moderately High
1.81-2.60 2 - Disagree Low
1.00-1.80 1 - Strongly disagree Very Low
Table No.1 Modified Likert Scale
3.4 Design Concept
Utilizing R and D, the Design will be based on the necessary function needed to study
and developed for the improvement and safe operation of Ships Steering Gear System, the
design will be reliable for safe operations and can automatically adjust specially during the time
of malfunctions and emergency.

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The parts, instrumentation and equipment to be used must meet the standard of shipping
industry due to extreme condition such as constant vibration, sudden movements, different
weather condition, air moisture, air salinity, rough sea and electrical supply fluctuations and
current surge due to auto starting of other machineries.
Fundamental knowledge in electrical engineering was very vital for the research,
analysis, and development of the project. The technical experience and theoretical capabilities of
the student researcher also helped a lot in the prototype development.
The principles in motor control design guide the researcher to conceptualize the whole
controller design with the help of work experience as well as the formal study, trainings, books,
articles and the Philippine Electrical code.
4 Results and Discussion
This unit provides step by step procedure, from data gathering and analysis, interview
data, proof of existing problems and control circuit design to prototype fabrication, testing and
validation. It covers all the process involved in the project study. The specification of electric
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motor, the load schedule of each unit, the figure diagram of the panels, components list per panel
unit, circuit design, wiring diagram and power supply source discussion. This unit also discuss
the testing and evaluation of the prototype and summary of findings.
4.1 Data Gathering and Analysis
The researchers conduct a site inspection and oral interview with the ship officers
involved in routine duty as Navigation Watch keeping, their knowledge regarding the
operation of ships steering gear with their experiences during steering gear failures
emphasize the importance and need of an auto transfer starter of the standby steering
gear, with their suggestions and ideas about overall functions helps the development and
improvement of this project study.
Interview Data. The idea of designing a circuit design of an Auto Transfer
Starting System is based on an actual incident, during our navigation going to Singapore
the ship is using one motor of the steering gear system, during that time a fault triggered
to stop the motor that being used, an alarm indication and buzzer alert the duty officer,
the ships procedure during a steering gear failure is to acknowledge the alarm and start
the standby steering gear motor, but unfortunately the remote starter on the Wheelhouse
control console is not responding, the duty officer needs to call the engineers to start the
steering gear motor locally but the engineers are quite busy so it takes time before they
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able to start it. The duration of the failure of ship’s control may result to accidents due to
collision if the ship where in a busy traffic area.
During an assessment of the controls the researcher concludes that a design of
Auto Transfer Motor starter can improve the ship’s safety on steering gear system, the
officers agree that such system should be added so that if the same incident happen again
the steering gear will have a continuous control, a steering gear system and motor control
design was assessed by the researcher with the help of ship’s engineer in creating a new
motor starter design.
Proof of Existing Design Problem
The two steering gear system is independent of each other, if the serviced steering
gear motor stop due to fault or steering gear system alarm, it will not start automatically
the other motor, the only way is to manually start it from bridge remote starter or engine
control starter.
See Appendix G
A design of Auto Transfer Motor starter is designed by the researcher. An
independent motor starter for each electric motor of steering gear, An integrated alarm
monitoring for the motor and electro-hydraulic steering gear to monitor the condition of the
whole system, and an Auto Transfer Motor Starter control that will start the standby electric
motor in an event of alarms and failures.

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Electric Motor Specification of Electro-Hydraulic Steering Gear System
Three Phase Induction Motor
Type TEFC Duty Continuous

KW / HP 11 / 15 HP RPM 1755
Frequenc
60 Hz IP 54
y
Volt 440V Ambient 45
FLA 21.0 A Frame 160M
Table 2. Induction Motor Specification
The Table represents the overall technical specification of Electric motor used on
Electro-Hydraulic Steering Gear system, the Three Phase Induction Motor Full Load
Ampere (FLA) rating, Voltage and Frequency.
The Electric motor specification will be used as the basis for calculation of the
required size and Ratings of circuit components such as (a) Overcurrent Protection (b)
Overload Thermal Protection, (c) Main Conductor and Grounding wire, (d) Size of
Contactor.
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4.2 Design
Fig. 6 Block Diagram of Layout Design
The block diagram represents the overall layout design of ships Steering gear
system, A Motor Starter panel for each steering gear hydraulic pump, electric motor, an
Auto Transfer Motor Starter which automatically activate in an event of an alarm or

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abnormalities, Alarm Monitoring system that monitors the condition of each steering gear
system, two remote starter and alarm monitor for Engine Control Room and Wheel
House Control for starting the system and alerting them in an event of abnormalities.
Design of each Block
Motor Control No.1 Starter Layout
NO. NAME SYMBOL DETAILS

1 Power Source WL11 AC 220V
2 Motor Running GL11 AC 220V
3 Heater On YL11 AC 220V
4 Motor Start 1C11 25ø NO
5 Motor Stop 1T11 25ø NC
6 Heater SW SW11 25ø 2 Step

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7 Ammeter AM1 63x63mm
8 Circuit Breaker CB1 30AT
9 Running Hour RH1 AC 220V
Fig. 7 Motor Control No 1 Panel Layout Design / Table 3. Motor Control No.1 Panel
Components
The above figure and table represent the Motor Control Panel for No.1
Electro-Hydraulic Steering Gear Electric Motor, the panel design, details, components
layout, specification and details of all the parts.
Steering Gear Motor Starter No.1 Power Circuit Diagram

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NAME SYMBOL DETAILS

30AT /
Circuit Breaker CB1
50AF
Phase Module Relay PMR1 3 Phase
Ammeter AM1 0-50A
Current Transformer CT1 50 / 5A
Contactor MCM1 30A 3P
Thermal Overload Protection TH1 18 – 26 A
Induction Motor M1 15HP 440V
Fig. 8 Motor Control No 1 Power Circuit Design
Table 4. Motor Control No.1 Power Circuit Components
Above figure and table is for the Circuit Design of Steering Gear Electric Motor Starter 1,
a Direct Online motor starter suitable design for a hydraulic pump that use a specific motor speed
and torque, the Electric Motor specification with a capacity of 15 HP, Overcurrent Protection,
Magnetic Contactor, Ammeter, Current Transformer for Ammeter, Phase Module Relay and
Circuit Breaker.
Load Schedule of Motor Starter 1 Power Circuit

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OCPD
Load Current Wire
Circuit PROTECTION
Load Description HP Volt VA
No. POL
LL1 LL2 LL3 TRIP
E
INDUCTION 3- 5.5 MM2 THHN WIRE +
1 15 440 21 21 21 16003.68 3 30
MOTOR 1- 3.5 MM2 TWG WIRE
TOTAL 16003.68
Table 5. Motor Control 1 Power Circuit Load Schedule
Design Calculation
Full Load Current of Electric Motor
FLA = (1.732) (TOTAL VA) / NOMINAL VOLTAGE
= (1.732) (16003.68) / 440v
= 21 AMPS
FLA of motor can also be referred from Appendix B
Main Feeder Wire Size Calculation
Wire Size = (1.25 X FLA of Motor)
= (1.25 X 21 Amps)
= 26.25 Amps
For sizing of wires referred from Appendix C
Use 3 – 5.5 mm2 THHN WIRE + 1-0 3.5mm2 TWG Wire

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Overcurrent Protection Device Calculation
OCPD next higher Rating
Sizing of OCPD referred to Appendix D
Use 30 AT / 50 AF, 60Hz, 3-P 440 VAC
Magnetic Contactor Sizing
Magnetic Contactor Size = (1.25 X FLA of Motor)
= (1.25 X 21 Amps)
= 26. 25 Amps
Use 30 Amps. 3-P, 60 Hz, 440 VAC Magnetic Contactor
Thermal Overload Sizing
Minimum Thermal Overload Relay Setting = 70% X FLA
= 70% X 21 Amps
= 14.7 Amp
Max Thermal Overload Relay Setting = 120% X FLA
= 120% X 21 Amps
= 25.2 Amps
Use Overload Relay with 18 – 26 Amp Capacity and Setting

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Ammeter
Ammeter = FLA range of the Motor
= 21 Amps
Use 0-50 Ampere Range of Ammeter
Current Transformer for Ammeter
CT = Range of Ammeter
= 0 – 50 Amps
Use 50 / 5A Current Transformer Rating
Phase Module Relay
Choosing a Phase Monitoring Relay that is compatible with most Wye or
Delta system
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Steering Gear Motor Starter No.1 Control Circuit

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NAME SYMBOL DETAILS

F11,12,13,1
Fuse Element 2A
4
Phase Monitor Relay PMR1 220V
Magnetic Contactor MCM1 220V
Relay X11, X12 220v

Latching Unit SL1 220V
WL11,
Pilot Light 4.6W 220V
GL11
Push Button Switch 1C11, 1T11 20ø 1a 1b
Fig. 9 Motor No.1 Control Circuit Diagram / Table 6. Motor No.1 Control Circuit Components
Above figure and table show the Control Circuit for Steering Gear No.1 Electric
motor Starter, composed of Magnetic Contactor, Push Button Switches, Pilot lights,
relays, Step down transformer, Fuse Element and wires. All designed to safely start a 15
HP Electric motor in a Direct On-line Connection.
Load Schedule
No. Load Description Watts Volt Current VA Supply Conductor

1 Pilot Light 4.60 W 230 V 20 mA 4.6 VA 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
2 Relay 1.1 W 230 V 4 mA 1.1 VA 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
3 Magnetic Contactor 60 W 230 V 260 mA 60 VA 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
4 Latching unit 20 W 230 V 86 mA 20 VA 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
5 Phase Monitor Relay 2W 230 V 8 mA 2 VA 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
Table 7. Load Schedule of Motor No.1 Control Circuit

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Supply Conductor
Wire Size = FLA of each unit
Use 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire based on the minimum wire sizing on Table
Above shows the Load Schedule of each components in Steering Gear No.1 Motor
Starter Circuit. Each component is calculated based to the capacity design of the circuit and the
supply conductor which is calculated for each unit.
Circuit Design Components Calculation
Relay
Relay Size = 1.25 X highest component load
= 1.25 X 260 mA (Magnetic Contactor)
= .325 A
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Use 3 Amp Minimum Contact Rating, 2-P 60 Hz, 230 VAC Magnetic Coil
Relay Supply source
Push Button
Push Button size = 1.25 X FLA of Relay
= 1.25 X 3 Amps
= 3.75 Amps
Use 5 Amps Contact Rating Push Button Switch
Timer Relay Sizing
Timer Relay Size = 1.25 X FLA of Relay
= 1.25 X 3 Amps
= 3.75 Amps
Use 5 Amps Contact capacity Timer Relay, with 230 VAC 60HZ Supply
of Magnetic Coil
Total Load for Fuse and Transformer unit Calculation

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No. Load Description Unit Watts Total Volt Current VA

1 Pilot Light 3 4.60 W 13.8 W 230 V 60 mA 13.8 VA
2 Relay 2 1.1 W 2.2 W 230 V 8 mA 2.2 VA
3 Magnetic Contactor 1 60 W 60 W 230 V 260 mA 60 VA
4 Latching unit 1 20 W 20 W 230 V 86 mA 20 VA
5 Phase Monitor Relay 1 2W 2W 230 V 8 mA 2 VA
TOTAL 422 mA 98 VA
Table 8. Total Load of Motor Control Circuit No.1
Fuse Element
Fuse Element =Total Ampere of the Control circuit
= .422 A
Use 3 Amps Fuse as per Section 2.40.1.6 Standard Ampere Ratings of (a)
Transformer
Step-down Transformer = Total VA of the Circuits
= 98 VA if all components will be activated simultaneously
Use 400V/230V 100VA Capacity Step-down Transformer as power supply
source for the control circuit.

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Motor Control No.2 Starter Layout

1 Power Source WL21 AC 220V
2 Motor Running GL21 AC 220V
3 Heater On YL21 AC 220V
4 Motor Start 1C21 25ø NO
5 Motor Stop 1T21 25ø NC
6 Heater SW SW21 25ø 2 Step
7 Ammeter AM2 63x63mm
8 Circuit Breaker CB2 30AT
9 Running Hour RH2 AC 220V

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Fig. 10 Motor Control No.2 Panel Layout Design / Table 9. Motor Control No.2 Panel
Components
The Layout represent the Motor Control Panel for No.2 Electro-Hydraulic
Steering Gear Electric Motor, the panel design, details, components layout, specification
and details of all the parts.
Steering Gear Motor Starter No.2 Power Circuit Diagram
NAME SYMBOL DETAILS

30AT /
Circuit Breaker CB2
50AF
Phase Module Relay PMR2 3 Phase
Ammeter AM2 0-50A

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Contactor MCM2 30A 3P
Thermal Overload Protection TH2 18 – 26 A
Induction Motor M2 15HP 440V
Fig. 11 Motor Control No 2 Power Circuit Design
Table 10. Motor Control No 2 Power Circuit Design
Fig 13 shows the Circuit Design of Steering Gear Electric Motor Starter 2, a Direct
Online motor starter suitable design for a hydraulic pump that use a specific motor speed and
torque, the Electric Motor specification with a capacity of 15 HP, Overcurrent Protection,
Magnetic Contactor, Ammeter, Current Transformer for Ammeter, Phase Module Relay and
Circuit Breaker.
Load Schedule of Motor Starter 2 Power Circuit
OCPD
Load Current Wire
Circuit PROTECTION
Load Description HP Volt VA
No. POL
LL1 LL2 LL3 TRIP
E
INDUCTION 3- 5.5 MM2 THHN WIRE +
1 15 440 21 21 21 16003.68 3 30
MOTOR 1- 3.5 MM2 TWG WIRE
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TOTAL 16003.68
Table 11. Power Circuit No.2 Load Schedule
Design Calculation
Full Load Current of Electric Motor
FLA = (1.732) (TOTAL VA) / NOMINAL VOLTAGE
= (1.732) (16003.68) / 440v
= 21 AMPS
FLA of motor can also be referred from Appendix B
Main Feeder Wire Size Calculation
Wire Size = (1.25 X FLA of Motor)
= (1.25 X 21 Amps)
= 26.25 Amps
Use 3 – 5.5 mm2 THHN WIRE + 1-0 3.5mm2 TWG Wire
Overcurrent Protection Device Calculation
OCPD next higher Rating

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Use 30 AT / 50 AF, 60Hz, 3-P 440 VAC
Magnetic Contactor Sizing
Magnetic Contactor Size = (1.25 X FLA of Motor)
= (1.25 X 21 Amps)
= 26. 25 Amps
Use 30 Amps. 3-P, 60 Hz, 440 VAC Magnetic Contactor
Thermal Overload Sizing
Minimum Thermal Overload Relay Setting = 70% X FLA
= 70% X 21 Amps
= 14.7 Amp
Max Thermal Overload Relay Setting = 120% X FLA
= 120% X 21 Amps
= 25.2 Amps
Use Overload Relay with range of 18 – 26 Amp Capacity and setting

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Ammeter
Ammeter = FLA range of the Motor
= 21 Amps
Use 0-50 Ampere Range of Ammeter
Current Transformer for Ammeter
CT = Range of Ammeter
= 0 – 50 Amps
Use 50 / 5A Current Transformer Rating
Phase Module Relay
Choosing a Phase Monitoring Relay that is compatible with most Wye or
Delta system
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Steering Gear Motor Starter No.2 Control Circuit
NAME SYMBOL DETAILS

F21,22,23,2
Fuse Element 2A
4
Phase Monitor Relay PMR2 220V
Magnetic Contactor MCM2 220V
Relay X21, X22 220v

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Latching Unit SL2 220V
WL21,
Pilot Light 4.6W 220V
GL21
Push Button Switch 1C21, 1T21 20ø 1a 1b
Fig.12 Motor No.2 Control Circuit Diagram / Table12. Motor No.2 Control Circuit Components
Above figure and table show the Control Circuit for Steering Gear No.2 Electric
motor Starter, composed of Magnetic Contactor, Push Button Switches, Pilot lights,
relays, Step down transformer, Fuse Element and wires. All designed to safely start a 15
HP Electric motor in a Direct On-line Connection.
Load Schedule

1 Pilot Light 4.60 W 230 V 20 mA 4.6 VA 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
2 Relay 1.1 W 230 V 4 mA 1.1 VA 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
3 Magnetic Contactor 60 W 230 V 260 mA 60 VA 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
4 Latching unit 20 W 230 V 86 mA 20 VA 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
5 Phase Monitor Relay 2W 230 V 8 mA 2 VA 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
Table 13. Load Schedule of Motor No.2 Control Circuit
Supply Conductor

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Use 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire based on the minimum wire sizing on Table
Above shows the Load Schedule of each components in Steering Gear No.1 Motor
Starter Circuit. Each component is calculated based to the capacity design of the circuit and the
supply conductor which is calculated for each unit.
Circuit Design Components Calculation
Relay
Relay Size = 1.25 X highest component load
= 1.25 X 260 mA (Magnetic Contactor)
= .325 A
Use 3 Amp Minimum Contact Rating, 2-P 60 Hz, 230 VAC Magnetic Coil
Relay Supply source
Push Button
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Push Button size = 1.25 X FLA of Relay
= 1.25 X 3 Amps
= 3.75 Amps
Use 5 Amps Contact Rating Push Button Switch
Timer Relay Sizing
Timer Relay Size = 1.25 X FLA of Relay
= 1.25 X 3 Amps
= 3.75 Amps
Use 5 Amps Contact capacity Timer Relay, with 230 VAC 60HZ Supply
of Magnetic Coil
Total Load for Fuse and Transformer unit Calculation
No. Load Description Unit Watts Total Volt Current VA

1 Pilot Light 3 4.60 W 13.8 W 230 V 60 mA 13.8 VA
2 Relay 2 1.1 W 2.2 W 230 V 8 mA 2.2 VA
3 Magnetic Contactor 1 60 W 60 W 230 V 260 mA 60 VA
4 Latching unit 1 20 W 20 W 230 V 86 mA 20 VA
5 Phase Monitor Relay 1 2W 2W 230 V 8 mA 2 VA
TOTAL 422 mA 98 VA
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Table 14. Total Load of Motor Control Circuit No.2
Fuse Element
Fuse Element =Total Ampere of the Control circuit
= .422 A
Use 2 Amps Cartridge type Fuse
Transformer
Step-down Transformer = Total VA of the Circuits
= 98 VA if all components will be activated simultaneously
Use 400V/230V 100VA Capacity Step-down Transformer as power supply
source for the control circuit.
Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Layout

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Fig. 13 Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Layout
1 Power Source WL1 DC 24V
2 Motor Standby YL1, YL2 DC 24V
3 Motor Running GL1, GL2 DC 24V
4 No Voltage EL1, EL6 DC 24V
5 Motor Trip EL2, EL7 DC 24V
6 Phase open EL3, EL8 DC 24V
7 Low Level EL4, EL9 DC 24V
8 Non Flow EL5, EL10 DC 24V
9 Man/Auto SW SW1 , SW2 25ø 2 Step
10 Buzzer BL 25ø NO
11 Buzzer Stop PB2 25ø NO
12 Lamp Test PB1 25ø NO

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Table 15. Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Components
The Figure represent the Motor Control Panel for No.2 Electro-Hydraulic Steering Gear
Electric Motor.
Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring System Circuit Diagram

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Fig.14 Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring System Circuit Diagram
NAME SYMBOL DETAILS

Fuse Element F1,F2 2A
Pilot Light White WL1 24 VDC
Pilot Light Yellow YL1, YL2 24 VDC
Pilot Light Green GL31, GL32 24 VDC
3X11, 3X12, 3X13
Relay 3X14, 3X15,, 3X16 24 VDC
3X17, 3X18, 3X19
TM1, TM2, TM3
Timer 24 VDC
TM4, TM5, TM6
Push Button 1 Red PB1 20ø 1a 1b
Push Button 2 Green PB2 20ø 1a 1b
Bell BL 24 VDC
24 VDC /
Group Annunciator ANN
10P
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Table 16. Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Circuit Components
1 Pilot Light 3W 24 VDC 125 mA 4.6 VA Use 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
2 Relay 0.9 W 24 VDC 36.9 mA 1.1 VA Use 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
3 Timer 1W 24 VDC 42 mA 60 VA Use 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
4 Bell .5 W 24 VDC 20 mA .5 VA Use 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
5 Group Annunciator 3.24 W 24 VDC 135 mA 3.24 VA Use 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire
Load Schedule of Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring Circuit
Table 17. Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Load Schedule
Supply Conductor
Use 2- 2.0 mm2 THHN Wire based on the minimum wire sizing
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Remote Starter and Alarm Panel for Engine Control Console Layout
Fig. 15 Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Layout for ECR
2 Source Off-On TS1 13ø 1 Step
9 Motor Start 1C13, 1C23 25ø NO
10 Motor Stop 1T13, 1T23 25ø NO
12 Buzzer BZ 25ø NO

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Table 18. Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel for ECR Components
Remote Starter and Alarm Panel for Engine Control Console Circuit Design
NAME SYMBOL DETAILS

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EL1, EL2, EL3, EL4

Pilot Light Red EL5, EL6, EL7, EL8 24 VDC
EL9, EL10
Push Button 1 PB1 20ø 1a 1b
Push Button Green 1C12, 1C22 20ø 1a 1b
Push Button Red 1T12, 1T22 20ø 1a 1b
Buzzer Buzz 24 VDC
Table 19. Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring

Panel Circuit for ECR Components
Fig. 16 Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring

Panel Circuit Diagram for ECR
Remote Starter and Alarm Panel for Wheel House Control Console Layout
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Fig. 17 Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel Layout for WHC
2 Source Off-On TS1 13ø 1 Step
9 Motor Start 1C13, 1C23 25ø NO
10 Motor Stop 1T13, 1T23 25ø NO
12 Buzzer BZ 25ø NO

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Table 20. Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring Panel for WHC Components
Remote Starter and Alarm Panel for Wheel House Control Console Circuit Design
NAME SYMBOL DETAILS

EL1, EL2, EL3, EL4
Pilot Light Red EL5, EL6, EL7, EL8 24 VDC
EL9, EL10
Push Button 1 PB1 20ø 1a 1b
Push Button Green 1C13, 1C23 20ø 1a 1b
Push Button Red 1T13, 1T23 20ø 1a 1b
Buzzer Buzz 24 VDC
Table 21. Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring

Panel Circuit for WHC Components
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Fig. 18 Remote Starter and Alarm Monitoring

Panel Circuit Diagram for WHC
Single Line Diagram of Power Supply Source in a Shipping Vessel

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Fig. 19 Ships Supply Single Line Diagram
Figure 18 Shows the Power Supply layout for the Motor Control Panel 1, Motor Control,
Panel 2, Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring, Remote Starter for Engine Control Console and
Remote Starter for Wheel House Control Console.
Set of Generator is the main power source of the ship delivered by Main Distribution
Panel (MDP) where all ships load is connected including supply power to Emergency
Distribution Panel (EDP) during normal operation, the EDP is supplying power for half of the
critical equipment of the ship such as navigation equipment, emergency control, emergency
compressor, emergency lightings and emergency steering gear pump motor, the EDP also
supplies 220V to the Battery charger and Rectifier that gives 24 VDC uninterruptable power
sources of critical equipment and ship’s controls, in an event of Main Generator Failure the
Emergency Generator will automatically start and an Auto transfer switch isolate the MDP and
will supply the Emergency Distribution Panel.
The Motor Control panel No.1 is connected to the MDP 440V source while the Motor
Control Panel No.2 is connected to the EDP 440V source, this will ensure one Steering Gear
motor control of power source in case of power interruption or emergency, the EDP 440VAC has
220 VAC distribution panel converted by a Step Down Transformer, the EDP 220VAC panel is
supplying power to Battery Charger and AC-DC Converter that gives 24VDC supply distributed
for control system, and the emergency equipment’s that utilize DC voltage, the Auto starter and
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Alarm monitoring, the Remote starter for Engine Control and Wheel House Control are all
connected to the a 24VDC power source to ensure control, alarm monitoring and starting an
operation
4.3 Prototype Fabrication
A Prototype is developed for functional test and effectiveness of the designed
circuit for the auto transfer starter system to easily understand about its purpose. The
researcher fabricates an alternative representation of the Motor Control Panel, Auto
Starter and Alarm Monitoring panel, while the designed circuit of motor starter and auto
transfer starter use the exact electrical components so that the evaluator can fully
understand the overall concept and function.
Materials Needed. The Designer provides needed materials to fabricate panels
for motor starter and alarm monitoring made from alternative and inexpensive materials
while the control circuits use exact electrical components to provide output as per circuit
design.
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½ “ Plywood 24 VDC Lamp and Receptacle 220V Lamps and Receptacle
Fig. 20 Materials for Prototype Fabrication
24VDC power supply 24 VDC Lamp and Receptacle 230 VAC Relay
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24VDC Relay 24 VDC Timer Relay Relay and Timer Base
Magnetic Contactor 2.0 mm2 THN wires Doorbell Switches
Fig. 21 Materials for Prototype Fabrication
Tools Needed. The Designer use the following tools and equipment for prototype
development
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Multi Tester Jigsaw Electric Drill
Wire Striper / Screw Drivers Hammer / Tape meter Hack Saw
Fig. 22 Tools used for Fabrication of Prototype
Step by step fabrication procedure. The Designer assembles material to create an
alternative representation of a Motor Starter Panel Box and Auto Transfer Starter panel box by
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using 21/2 plywood cut to and assemble two pieces 300mm width of 400mm height X 200mm
deep panel box for Motor Starter Panel Box and a 500mm wide by 300mm height x 200mm
deep panel box.
Fig. 23 Fabrication of Panel Box

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Installation of 24VDC lights on the front door of Auto Transfer Starter and Alarm
Monitoring panel box and testing light bulbs, this will serve as an indicator for Motor Starter
Operation and Alarm indicator.
Fig. 24 Installation of Pilot Lamps for Alarm panel

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Assembly of Control Circuits, using available alternative parts such a doorbell switch for
push button, 30 watt bulb for pilot light motor starter and 50 watts colored bulbs as running
electric motor. The designer use 2.0 mm2 black wires for circuits powered by an AC source
while Red and Red-Black wire is for circuits and components utilizing 24V DC source.
Fig. 25 Circuit Assembly for Motor Control and Auto Transfer Starter
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Fig. 26 Final Output of Designed Prototype
The prototype fabricated can demonstrate the effectiveness of the circuit as per design of
an auto transfer starting system of two electric motors, the panel in the middle represents the
Auto Starter and Alarm Monitoring unit while the two panels on each side represents the Motor
Starter No. 1 with orange light and Motor Start No.2 with Green Light.
Bill of Materials
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No. Item Description Qty Unit Unit Cost Amount
1 ½ Plywood 2 Pcs 740.00 1480.00
2 24 VDC lamp and receptacle 16 Set 40.00 640.00
3 240 VAC Lamp and Receptacle 6 Set 60.00 360.00
4 AC-DC 24V supply converter 1 unit 350.00 350.00
5 Miniature Circuit Breaker 2 unit 240.00 480.00
6 230 VAC Relay and Base 8 set Barrowed Barrowed
6 24 VDC Relay and Base 12 set Barrowed Barrowed
7 24 VDC Timer Relay and Base 2 set Barrowed Barrowed
8 Contactor 2 unit Barrowed Barrowed
9 2.0mm2 THN wire 50 meter 20.00 1000.00
10 Doorbell Switch 6 unit 40.00 240.00
TOTAL 4,550.00
Table 22. Bill of Materials for Prototype Fabrication

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4.4 Testing and Evaluation
The researcher was able to fabricate the prototype starting from conceptualization of
Auto Transfer Starting system, Motor controls, circuit design specification and to the actual
fabrication. The testing and evaluation of the Prototype were conducted by the researcher to
verify the functionality and effectiveness of the project study.
Unit Testing
The prototype when powered up

● Motor Starter 1 pilot lamp shows the
system is ready
● Motor Starter 2 pilot lamp shows the
system is ready
● Auto Transfer Starter panel pilot lamp
indicates both Motor Starter are ready for
operation
Starting the Motor No.1

● Starting by pressing On-Push Button
● Pilot Lamp lit indicates that the motor is
running.
● Orange Lamp on top represent Electric
motor lit up indicates that motor 1 is
running.
● Pilot lamp lit up on Auto Transfer Starter
panel indicates Motor no.1 is running
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Upon simulation of an Alarm (Yellow arrow)

● An Alarm is shown on the Auto Transfer
Starter panel (middle panel)
● The Auto Transfer Starter panel (middle
panel) stopped Motor 1 and start Motor
2, pilot lamps also indicates that the
Motor 1 is off and Motor No.2 is On
● The Motor 1 (orange light) stopped, the
panel 1 shows that it is not running
● The Motor 2 (green light) is started by
auto transfer starter, panel 2 shows that it
is running
If a fault or alarm is present involving

that motor, the Auto Transfer Starter
Panel will prevent the motor operation
until the fault is rectified.
For the Motor that auto start, the user

can switch it Off or On manually and
will not auto start again even if the fault
from other Motor is still present
Table 23. Prototype Testing

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Evaluation Result. During the prototype testing, the researcher based the result of the
survey conducted and held on the ship with the Navigation Officers and Engineers about the ship
steering gear motor starting system regarding its improvement, the testing result confirmed that
the researcher’s Layout and Circuit design met the desired new safety function and improvement.
Summary of Evaluation.
The prototype was tested according to the function and effectiveness of the designed circuit
and its components in lieu of the following:
✔ The independent power supply for Motor Control 1, Motor Control 2 and Auto Starter
Alarm Monitoring that ensures the operation.
✔ The performance of the design components such as: push buttons, indicator lamps and
control components during testing of operations.
✔ The effectiveness of the control circuit design of the intended function while maintaining
its capability to start and stop each motor independently
✔ The Alarm Simulation’s efficacy that shows the faults and alarms of a steering gear unit.
✔ The Auto Transfer Motor Starter control circuit design effectiveness in executing the
design function of the alarm monitoring and starting system to immediately stop the
faulty steering gear motor and immediately start the standby unit.
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Survey results. In order to evaluate the prototype of the project, the researcher conducted
a brief survey regarding its characteristics. The researcher used ten (10) respondents composed
of registered engineers, technicians, facilities supervisors and engineering supervisors. The
proponents used 5 categories, namely: Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree and Strongly
Disagree. The results of this survey were collected and tabulated, and the summaries of the
scores were illustrated on the succeeding pages. After the data from survey questioner gathered,
it was computed and was descriptively analyzed. Each of them rated the project in terms of
functionality and effectiveness. Most of them, strongly agreed on the prototype in terms of
functionality.
See Appendix F
Summary of Findings
Below is the summary of findings per objective after data gathering, system design,
circuit design, prototype fabrication, testing and evaluation
1. Upon the gathering of data during interview from the people involved in the operation of
ships steering gear and site visitation, the result emphasized the lack of safety and
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limitation of the control circuit design in an event of alarms and faults. But by means of
the control circuit modification with the addition of an auto transfer motor starter system,
the safety features desired is achieved.
2. The researcher was able to create a system design that incorporates the alarm of two
steering gear unit, a motor control starter for each electric motor, and an auto transfer
motor starter that is capable to start the standby motor if an alarm or fault is present. With
the help of the researchers works experience backing up the information on maintaining
the existing design and knowledge in electrical controls, the researcher was able to
develop a system that provides additional safety in ships steering gear system.
3. The researcher was able to create the control circuit based on the desired system function.
The Motor Starters and Auto Transfer System circuit design is based on load schedule of
electric motor, in relation to its sizes and ratings design computations for branch circuit
components such as wires, circuit breaker, contactor and overload protection. Thus the
circuit design was developed.
4. The researcher was able to create a prototype that presented the desired system function
with the use of alternative materials, such as plywood, electrical components, pilot lamps,
wires, circuit breaker and switches. And the use of tools such as hacksaw, electric drill,
jig saw, screwdriver, pliers, wire strippers, and multi tester. Thus the prototype was made.
5. In testing the prototype, the designed electrical control circuit was able to show the
desired results and functions. The result is similar to the concept design, proposal and
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suggested system. Upon the testing and evaluation of the prototype, the respondents
affirmed the effectiveness and functionality of the prototype with high satisfaction rate.
5. Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
In the course of planning, research, designing, calculation and fabrication of this
project study, the researcher arrived at the following conclusion.
1. The researcher concludes that through studying and analyzing the electrical control
system of its functions and limitations, it is possible to further provide improvement
and solutions to the system. This study also proves that an additional control system
design on steering gear motor starter will provide significant improvement on safety
of ships navigation system.
2. The researcher concludes that in the process of creating a design, it should always
have a primary basis that is aligned with the intended results.
3. The researcher concludes that in designing a control circuit, it is important to gather
important data and specification. Because it is the basis of sizing and ratings of
electrical components. More references such as books and research journal may
provide help to the researcher in creating a system design.

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4. In fabricating a prototype, the researcher should have technical skills on proper
wiring and assembling of electrical components at their disposal, having a proper tool
and equipment, not necessarily the exact components, but it should have the same
functions so that the overall design can showcase the intended output. Always refer to
the Philippine Electrical Code for proper guidelines and safety.
5. The researcher concludes that the testing and evaluation is an important factor to
determine the functions and effectiveness of the whole project study, having
professional evaluation and technical personnel’s perspective may help the researcher
not just to present the efficacy of the project study, but also provide new ideas for
improvement.
Recommendation
The researcher recommend the following
1. The data that the researcher used is primarily based on a particular ship, and so the
researcher recommends the use of other designs from newly created ships to provide
a wider scope.
2. In designing an Auto Transfer Motor Starter System for the ship, the researcher
recommends to always consider the ship’s movement, changes in temperatures, and

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constant vibrations in creating a circuit design to make it more efficient with the use
of appropriate components.
3. With the limited scope and resources available, the researcher recommends to further
improve the circuit design with the use of modern electrical control components that
provides better performance and integrated functions such as Group Annunciators
and instrumentations.
4. The researcher recommend the use of simulator programs to first test the circuit
design to learn its effectiveness before prototype development, and consider the use
of instrumentation devices such as Programmable Logic Control (PLC) and Group
Annunciator device for alarm monitoring prototype and testing.
5. In prototype development the researcher recommends the use of exact control
components specified in the control design or a component that emulates the
necessary functions.
6. References
[1] "Regulation relating to Maritime installations," 3103 Tonsberg, Norwegian Directorate for
Civil Protection (DSB), 2014, p. 15.
[2] N. Davis, "Motor control and drivers — from the most basic to highly complex," Power
Electronincs, 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.powerelectronicsnews.com/technology/motor-control-and-drivers-from-the-mo
st-basic-to-highly-complex.
[3] E. 4. U, "Electrical 4 U," 3 November 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.electrical4u.com/induction-motor-types-of-induction-motor/. [Accessed 2020].
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[4] Anish, "Construction and Working of 3 Phase Induction Motor on Ship," Marine Insight, 13
December 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-electrical/construction-and-working-of-3-phase-ind
uction-motor-on-ship/. [Accessed 2020].
[5] Electrical4U, "Direct On Line Starter Diagram and Principle," Electrcial 4 U, 19 July 2019.
[Online]. Available: https://www.electrical4u.com/direct-online-starter-or-dol-starter/.
[Accessed 2020].
[6] Circuit Globe, "Direct On-Line Starter," Circuit Globe, 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://circuitglobe.com/direct-on-line-starter.html. [Accessed 2020].
[7] c3controls, "NEMA and IEC motor controls," c3controls, 27 June 2019. [Online].
Available: https://www.c3controls.com/blog/nema-vs-iec-motor-controls/. [Accessed 2020].
[8] National Fire Protection Association, "Article 100 Definitions," NFPA 70 National
Electrical Code, no. 2008-01-15, p. 24, 2008.
[9] S. J. Vidal, "Standard Motor Control Circuit," IEAE, 16 July 2012. [Online]. Available:
https://iaeimagazine.org/magazine/2012/07/16/standard-motor-control-circuits/.
[10] Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, "Philippine Electrical Code,"
in PEC 2017, Quezon City, Philippines, Institute of integrated Electrical Engineers of the
Philippines, 2017, pp. page 85-86.
[11] "All About Circuits," EE Tech Media LLC, 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/digital/chpt-5/contactors/.
[12] All Electronics Info, "All Electronics Info," 2015. [Online]. Available:
http://electronics-info.org/electronics/the-working-principle-and-the-role-of-time-relay/.
[13] Radio Electronics, "Electronics Notes," Radio-Electronics.com, 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/electronic_components/electrical-electronic-rela
y/solid-state-relay-switch.php.
[14] V. Lackovic, "CED Engineering," 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.cedengineering.com/userfiles/AC%20Motor%20Protection.pdf.
[15] A. Bonanomi, "Electro-Hydraulics system, Potentialities and limits," 18 September 2019.
[Online]. Available: https://www.powertransmissionworld.com/7810-2/.
[16] Hiro1945, "Marine Steering Gear Systems – Construction and Working," Bright Hub
Engineering, 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.brighthubengineering.com/marine-engines-machinery/53000-how-steering-gea
rs-work-on-ships/.
[17] A. Taplin, "EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRO‐HYDRAULIC RAPSON SLIDE STEERING
GEAR," Wiley Online Library, April 1974. [Online]. Available:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1974.tb03581.x.
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[18] Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, "Philippine Electrical Code,"
in PEC 2017, Cubao, Quezon City, Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the
Philippines, 2017, p. 1.
7. Appendices
Appendix A – Review Literature Figures

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Appendix A - 1
Appendix A - 2
Appendix A – 3
Appendix A-4
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Appendix A – 5
Appendix A - 6
Appendix A - 7
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Appendix A - 8
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Appendix B
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Appendix C
Table 3.10.1.16 Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors Rated 0 through 2 000 Volts,
60oC Through 90oC Not More than Three Current Carrying Conductors in Raceway, Cable, or
Earth (Directly Buried), Based on Ambient Temperature of 30 oC
Temperature Rating of Conductor

60oC 75oC 90oC 60oC 75oC 90oC
Types Types
Types FEPW,
Types RH, TBS, SA
RH, RHW,
Conductor TBS, SA, SIS, FEP, RHW, SIS, THHN,
Types THHW, Types
FEPB, MI, RHH, ZW-2, THHW, THHW,
Size [mm2 TW, THW,
RHW-2, THHN, THHW,
TW,
THW, THW-2, THWN-2,
(mm dia.)] UF THWN, UF
THW-2, THWN-2, XHN, THWN, USE-2, XHH,
XHHW,
USE-2, XHHW, XHHW-2 XHHW, XHHW, ZW-2,
USE, ZW
USE XHHW-2
ALUMINUM OR COPPER-CLAD
COPPER
ALUMINUM
2.0 (1.6) 20 20 25 - - -
3.5 (2.0) 25 25 30 20 20 25
5.5 (2.6) 30 35 40 25 30 35
40 50 55 30 40 45
8.0 (3.2)
14 55 65 70 40 50 65
22 70 85 90 55 65 80
30 90 110 115 65 80 90
100 125 130 75 90 105
38
50 120 145 150 95 110 125
60 135 160 170 100 120 135
80 160 195 205 120 145 165
185 220 225 140 170 190
100
125 210 255 265 165 200 225
150 240 280 295 185 225 250
200 280 330 355 220 265 300
315 375 400 255 305 345
250
325 370 435 470 305 365 410
400 405 485 515 335 405 460
500 445 540 580 370 440 495
CORRECTION FACTORS
Ambient For ambient temperatures other than 30oC, multiply the allowable ampacities shown above by the appropriate
Temp (oC) factor shown below.
21-25 1.08 1.05 1.04 1.08 1.05 1.04
26-30 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.91 0.94 0.96 0.91 0.94 0.96
31-35
0.82 0.88 0.91 0.82 0.88 0.91
36-40 0.71 0.82 0.87 0.71 0.82 0.87
41-45 0.58 0.75 0.82 0.58 0.75 0.82
46-50 0.41 0.67 0.76 0.41 0.67 0.76
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51-55 - 0.58 0.71 - 0.58 0.71

- 0.33 0.58 - 0.33 0.58
56-60
- - 0.41 - - 0.41
61-70
71-80
Appendix D
Motor Branch Circuit Overcurrent Protection
Table 4.30.14.6 Maximum Rating or Setting of Motor Branch Circuit Short-Circuit and
Ground-Fault Protective Devices
Type of Motor Percentage of Full-Load Current
Dual Element
Nontime Instantaneous Inverse Time
(Time-Delay
Delay Fuse Trip Breaker Breaker
Fuse)
Single-phase motors 300 175 800 250
AC polyphase
motors other than
wound-rotor
squirrel cage
Other than Design E 300 175 800 250
Design E 300 175 1100 250
Synchronous 300 175 800 250
Wound rotor 150 150 800 150
Direct Current
150 150 250 150
(constant voltage)
Section 2.40.1.6 Standard Ampere Ratings

(a) Fuses and Fixed Trip Circuit Breakers – The standard ampere ratings for fuses and
inverse time circuit breakers shall be considered 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90,
100, 110, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 1 000, 1 200, 1
600, 2 000, 2 500, 3 000, 4 000, 5 000, and 6 000 amperes. The use of fuses and inverse time
circuit breakers with nonstandard ampere ratings shall be permitted. The standard ampere rating
for fuses shall be considered 1, 3, 6, 10, and 601.
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Appendix E
DESIGN COMPONENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS
WL11, WL21 PILOT LIGHT AC 220V, WHITE

GL11, GL21 PILOT LIGHT AC 220V, GREEN
YL11, YL21 PILOT LIGHT AC 220V, YELLOW
1C11. 1C21 PUSH BUTTON SWITCH AC 220V, GREEN
1T11, 1T21 PUSH BUTTON SWITCH AC 220V, RED
SW11,SW21 SELECTOR SWITCH 2 STEP
CB1,CB2 CIRCUIT BREAKER 30AT, 3P
TH1, TH2 OVER CURRENT RELAY 18 - 26A
F11,12,13,14
FUSE ELEMENT / HOLDER CARTRIDGE TYPE, 2A
F21, 21,23,24
AM1, AM2 AM METER 0-50A
CT1, CT2 CURRENT TRANSFORMER 50/5A
SL1, SL2 LATCHING UNIT 220V
MCM1, MCM2 MAGNETIC CONTACTOR COIL 220V
TRC1, TRC2 TRANSFORMER 440V/220A
X11, X12, X21,X22 RELAY / SOCKET AC 220V
MOTOR STARTER
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NO.1 AND 2
WL1 SQUARE LIGHT DC 24V, WHITE

GL1, GL2 SQUARE LIGHT DC 24V, GREEN
YL1, YL2 SQUARE LIGHT DC 24V, YELLOW
EL1. EL2, EL3, EL4, EL5,
SQUARE LIGHT DC 24V, RED
EL6, EL7, EL8, EL9, EL10
SW1,SW2 SELECTOR SWITCH 2 STEP
BL BUZZER AC 220V
PB1 PUSH BUTTON SWITCH AC 220V, GREEN
PB2 PUSH BUTTON SWITCH AC 220V, RED
F1, F2 FUSE ELEMENT / HOLDER CARTRIDGE TYPE, 3A
ANN ANNUNCIATOR DC 24V, 12P
TM1, TM2, TM3.
TIMER DV 24V, 30 SEC
TM4, TM5, TM6
3X11, 3X12, 3X13,
3X14, 3X15, 3X16, RELAY / SOCKET AC 220V
3X17, 3X18, 3X19,
AUTO TRANSFER AND ALARM MONITORING

SYSTEM
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Appendix F
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Appendix G
Survey Result
Survey Questionnaire for the Prototype of Auto Transfer Motor Starting System
5 4 3 2 1
Weighted
Question Strongly Agreed Undecided Disagree Strongly
Mean
Remarks
Agreed Disagree
FUNCTIONALITY
1. The independent power supply of
8 2 4.8 SA
each 3 panel energize the system?
2. If one panel is de-energized, the
8 2 4.8 SA
other 2 panel can work properly?
3. The indicator lamps of Motor
Starter and Alarm panel all 7 3 4.7 SA
working properly?
4. The Alarm simulator and control
8 2 4.8 SA
system are all working properly?
5. The Electrical Components
effectively represents the control 7 3 4.7 SA
design?
EFFECTIVENESS
1. The Motor Starter No.1 and No. 2
is Switched on, the Lamp represent 10 5.0 SA
the Motor is On?
2. If an Alarm is simulated, the Alarm
Monitoring Panel indicators are 10 5.0 SA
working?
3. If an Alarm simulated, the Auto
Starter effectively starts the 8 2 4.8 SA
standby motor?
4. If the Motor is at fault, the Auto
Starter System prevent it from 8 2 4.8 SA
starting if the alarm is still present?
5. The motor that auto start can be
switch off manually and will not
8 2 4.8 SA
auto start again even the alarm is
still present?
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Appendix H
GANTT CHART
Activities Months
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1. Data gathering through:
a. Brainstorming"
b. Conduct survey
c. Acquiring data from respective
organization.
2. Formulation of title
3. Preparation of proposal paper
(Introduction, review of related
literature, methods and procedures)
4. Proposal defense
5. Submission of Final Proposal
paper
6. Data gathering and analysis
7. Design of _______________
8. Prototype fabrication
9. Testing
10. Evaluation
11. Continuation and Completion of
the manuscript
12. Final defense
13. Final revision
14. Submission of hardbound.
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Appendix I
Data Gathering and Site Visit
Appendix J
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Survey Questionnaire
Survey Questionnaire for the Prototype of Auto Transfer Motor Starting System
5 4 3 2 1
Weighted
Question Strongly Agreed Undecided Disagree Strongly
Mean
Remarks
Agreed Disagree
FUNCTIONALITY
6. The independent power supply of
each 3 panel energize the system?
7. If one panel is de-energized, the
other 2 panel can work properly?
8. The indicator lamps of Motor
Starter and Alarm panel all
working properly?
9. The Alarm simulator and control
system are all working properly?
10. The Electrical Components
effectively represents the control
design?
EFFECTIVENESS
6. The Motor Starter No.1 and No. 2
is Switched on, the Lamp represent
the Motor is On?
7. If an Alarm is simulated, the Alarm
Monitoring Panel indicators are
working?
8. If an Alarm simulated, the Auto
Starter effectively starts the
standby motor?
9. If the Motor is at fault, the Auto
Starter System prevent it from
starting if the alarm is still present?
10. The motor that auto start can
be switch off manually and will not
auto start again even the alarm is
still present?
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Appendix K
GRAMMAR CERTIFICATION
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Appendix L
TURNITIN CERTIFICATION
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IV. Research Governance and Ethics
Please describe how you will ensure that the All Literature and references will be included in
activity will be carried out to the highest standards the reference of the study. Honesty in all aspects
of ethics and research integrity of research, including using and acknowledging
the work of other research and using appropriate
methods and reporting of research data collection
methods
Please describe how potential ethical, health and By providing clear policies and procedures, as
safety issues arising as part of this research have well as trainings and guidance to help researchers
been considered and how they will be addressed. to better understand how to maintain high
standards of research integrity
Will the proposed research involve research on No, the study will not involve research on
animals, human participants, human tissue or animals, human participants, human tissue or
patient/participant data? patient/participant data
Has the proposed research been reviewed by the The whole research is under review
MSEUF research ethics committee?
V. Expected Outputs and Deliveries
The Expected Output is an improved Auto Transfer Motor Control Design for ships electro
hydraulic steering gear system that will automatically start the other motor in the event of serviced
motor failures or alarms. It will greatly add safety and reliable steering gear motor starter for whole
ship,
The design of two steering gear electric motor control for hydraulic steering can start either one
motor or both from bridge navigation control, engine control or local motor control panel, in the event
of alarm or abnormalities in the system the standby motor will automatically start, it will alert the
engine room and navigational control, this will ensure the constant rudder control.
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VI. Target beneficiaries of Research Results
1. Ship Navigation crew 4. Maritime Industry

2. Ship Engineers 5. Researchers
3. Students 6. Ship Owners
VII. Dissemination Plan
Activities
1. Printed material (hard bound) Archive in University Libraries
2. Internet articles University website
3. Publication in peer reviewed scientific Conference, Seminars / Training events
journals and Presentation in scientific
conference and in Industry-related
events
VIII. Activities
GANTT CHART
Activities Months
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1. Data gathering through:
a. Brainstorming"
b. Conduct survey
c. Acquiring data from respective
organization.
2. Formulation of title
3. Preparation of proposal paper
(Introduction, review of related
literature, methods and procedures)
4. Proposal defense
5. Submission of Final Proposal
paper
6. Data gathering and analysis
7. Design of Auto Transfer
Emergency Starter Motor Control
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and Alarm Monitoring for Ships

Electro-Hydraulic Steering Gear
8. Prototype fabrication
9. Testing
10. Evaluation
11. Continuation and Completion of
the manuscript
12. Final defense
13. Final revision
14. Submission of hardbound.
9. Curriculum Vitae
AARON P. DIGNADICE
Address Blk 11 Lot 31 Camella Cerittos Height, Daang Hari Molino IV, Bacoor Cavite
Contact number: 0917-4692359
E-mail address: aarondignadice@gmail.com
CAREER OBJECTIVE
To become part of competitive and successful field of technical works specially in
electrical engineering, to develop and enhance my knowledge and skills to my chosen field, for
the advancement of my career and financial stability, to practice my knowledge and gain more
experience which I intend to share for future generation.
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY:
VSHIP POMI MANILA

Aseana Two Building
Bradco Avenue, Aseana City Paranaque 1702
Seafarer / Electrical Officer
2011 to present
Duties and Responsibilities:

The Maintenance of the vessel’s electrical and electronic equipment
The adoption of safe working practices on boar
Unmanned system alarm test and safety schedules
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Assistance during maintenance as required over and above electrical equipment

maintenance
First level maintenance of communication, radio and navigational equipment
Trained emergency Medical aider
CENTURY PROPERTIES MANAGEMENT

Pacific Star Plaza, Makati City
Asian Development Bank
ADB Avenue, Ortigas Pasig City
Master Electrician
Oct 2010 to Jan 2011

Maintain and repair all electrical apparatuses.
Conduct weekly check-up like pump motors, controls and generators.
Maintain and repair main telephone terminal cabinet.
Perform and maintain quality performance on every electrical work.
Perform other necessary duties that may be assigned by the superior.
OTHELLO MICOMAR SHIPPING

Berhard Schulte Shipmanagement
Malate, Manila
Seafarer / Engine Assistant
Mar 2009 to Nov. 2009

Engineers Assistant
FO and LO quantity reports
Maintenance of FO Filters
Conduct Safety rounds in Engine room
FPD ASIA PROPERTY MANAGEMENT

Net one Plaza, Bonifacio Global city, Taguig
Makati Cinema Square and Condominium project
Master Electrician
Nov 2008 – March 2009

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Perform other necessary duties that may be assigned by the superior
RRC ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR

962 Escoda St. cor San Marcelino St. Malate Manila
Assistant Electrician
2002 – 2008

Perform other necessary duties that may be assigned by the superior
EDUCATION ATTAINMENT
ELEMENTARY : SAN JUAN NEPOMUCENO CATHOLIC SCHOOL

Malibay, Pasay City
1987 – 1993
HIGH SCHOOL : SAINT RITA COLLEGE PARANAQUE

Dr. A. Santos Ave, Sucat Paranaque
1993 – 1997
COLLEGE : BS ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEER

AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE
Bangkal, Makati City
1997 – 1999
UNDERGRADUATE
BS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY DASMARINAS
Dasmarinas, Cavite
2006-2008
UNDERGRADUATE
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PROFESSIONAL LICENSE
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISION

REGISTERED MASTER ELECTRICIAN
LICENSE NO. 35110
OCTOBER 6, 2008
SEMINARS/TRAININGS ATTENDED:
MFI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Ortigas Ave, Pasig City
⮚ INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICIAN
Feb. 26 to Mar 26 2008
⮚ BUILDING WIRING INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

Feb. 26 to Mar 26 2008
⮚ ADVANCE INDUSTRIAL MOTOR CONTROL

Feb. 26 to Mar 26 2008
⮚ ELECTRICAL CONTROL WIRING INSTALLATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING

Apr. 15 to May 9, 2008
⮚ REFRIGERATION AND AIRCONDITIONING MECHANIC

Apr. 15 to May 9, 2008
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⮚ HIGH VOLTAGE FOR MARINE ENGINEERS

Jan 24 to Jan 26, 2013
SEAMAC INTERNATIONAL TRAINING INSTITUTE
⮚ SHIPBOARD WELDING COURSE

Feb. 24 to 28 2014
SEAFARERS TRAINING COURSES AND CERTIFICATES
⮚ Basic Safety Training Course

⮚ Advance Fire Fighting
⮚ Ratings Forming Part Of Engineering Watch
⮚ Proficiency In Survival Craft And Rescue Boat
⮚ Basic Training For Oil And Chemical Tanker
⮚ Ship Security Awareness Training With Designated Sec Duties
⮚ Medical Emergency First Aid
COMPANY TRAININGS AND CERTIFICATES
VSHIP POMI MANILA
⮚ Cold And Heavy Weather

⮚ Oily Water Separator
⮚ Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan
⮚ Risk Assesment
⮚ Anti Piracy Awareness Training
⮚ Vessel General Permit
⮚ Induction Course For Ratings
⮚ Marine Pollution And Prevention
⮚ Enviromental Awareness
⮚ Ship Security Awareness
⮚ Shipshure Program (Planned Maintenance System)
Lucena City
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PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth : September 30, 1980

Place of Birth : Virac, Catanduanes
Citizenship : Filipino
Height : 5’7
Weight : 78 Kilos
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Married
Name of Spouse : Mary Ann S. Dignadice
Children : Kyle Dhannie S. Dignadice (Son)
Kier Daphne S. Dignadice (Daughter)
Religion : Catholic
I hereby certify that the above information is that the above information is true and
correct, based upon all my knowledge and belief.
AARON P. DIGNADICE

Dignadice Aaron A Design of Auto Transfer Motor Starting System

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MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

“A Design of Auto Transfer Motor Starting System”

Presented to the Faculty of the

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation University

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Program

Aaron Palacpac Dignadice

This project study hereto entitled:

A DESIGN OF AUTO TRANSFER MOTOR STARTING SYSTEM

recommended for acceptance and approval for Final Examination.

ENGR. MELISSA R. SERRANO

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ____________________%

ENGR. HANNAH A. BALMES ENGR. RAMELA RAMIREZ

BENILDA N. VILLENAS Ph.D.

DR. GUILLERMO M. RAGO JR. RCE, Ed.D.

Dean, College of Engineering

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation

become successful engineer someday

this project study.

dedicate this project to them.

suggestions. Thank you so much!

To my Batch mates, ETEEAP- OFW 2019-2020, I am so thankful for being supportive to

blessing and love. Everything is possible with You My Lord.

to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.”

II. Name of the Researcher 12

III. Project study

1.1 Background of the Study 13

1.2 Objectives of the Study 14

1.3 Significance of the Study 15

1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study 16

1.5 Conceptual Framework 16

1.6 Definition of Terms 17

2. Review of Literature and Related Studies 18

3. Methods and Procedures

3.1 Research Design 37

3.2 Research Environment 37

3.4 Design Concept 42

4. Result and Discussion

4.1 Data Gathering and Analysis 43

4.4 Testing and Evaluation 82

4.5 Summary of Findings 85

5. Conclusion and Recommendation 87

A. Review Literature Figures 92

B. Table 4.30.14.4 Full Load Current, Three-Phase Alternating Current Motors 95

C. Table 3.10.1.16 Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors 96

D. Table 4.30.14.16 Motor Branch Circuit Overcurrent Protection 97

E. Design Components and Specification 98

G. Survey Result 102

H. Gannt Chart 103

I. Data Gathering and Site Visit 104

J. Survey Questionnaire 105

K. Grammar Certification 106

L. Turnitin Certification 107

IV. Research Governance and Ethics 108

V. Expected Outputs and Deliveries 108

VI. Target beneficiaries of Research Results 108

VII. Dissemination Plan 109

VIII. Activities 109

8. Curriculum Vitae 110

Table No. Title Page