FROILAN N.

DEMECILLO

E N V I R O N M E N T A L S C I E N C E A N D
E N G I N E E R I N G

A C E C E 7

LEVELS OF ECOLOGICAL
ORGANIZATION
Ecological Organization Levels: Individuals, populations,
communities, ecosystems, biospheres, and biomes are all
examples. They explain the arrangement of biological
species in relation to one another, as well as the
classification and structure of diverse ecosystems.

1 INDIVIDUALS OR
ORGANISMS
INDIVIDUALS OR ORGANISMS
CONSTITUTE THE BASIC UNIT OF STUDY
IN ECOLOGY. THE BIOLOGICAL UNIT HAS
A DISTINCT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
AT EACH LEVEL.

EX: CELLS

2 POPULATION
AN ECOLOGICAL POPULATION IS MADE UP
OF A GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS OF A GIVEN
SPECIES LIVING IN A SPECIFIC
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA AT A GIVEN TIME AND
FUNCTIONING AS A UNIT OF A BIOTIC
COMMUNITY.

EX: GROUP OF POLAR BEARS

3 CCOOM
MMMUUNNIITTYY
COMMUNITIES INCLUDE ALL
COMMUNITIES INCLUDE ALL
POPULATIONS IN A SPECIFIC AREA AT
POPULATIONS IN A SPECIFIC AREA AT
ANY GIVEN TIME. A COMMUNITY
ANY GIVEN TIME. A COMMUNITY
INCLUDES POPULATIONS OF
INCLUDES POPULATIONS OF
ORGANISMS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES.
ORGANISMS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES.

EX:
EX: GROUP OF DIFFERENT ANIMALS IN A
FOREST

42 EPCOOPSUYLSATTEI O
E CAONS EYCSOTLEOMGSI CAASL P
MN
PO APRUTL AOTFI ONNA T I SUM REA ,D AE RUEP
T HOEF PALG ARCOEUW P O F I N D I V I D U A L S O F A G I VMES
H E R E L I V I N G O R G A N I S N
INTERAC SPT EWC IIETSHLE I VAI C
NHG IO NTAH S E PREA CNI FD
I CW I T H
THGEEOI RG RPAHPYHSI C
I CAAL LA ERNE AV IARTOAN G MI EV N
EN T T( B
I MI O
E TAIN
CD
F U N C T I O NAI NNGD AASBAI OUTNI C I T) O F A B I O T I C
COMMUNITY.
E X : D E A D L O G O N A
F O R E S T F L O O R
C O NETXA: I G
NRAO U
VPA ROI F
E TPYO O
LAF RS P
BEC
A IRESS

35 BIOMES
A BIOME, IN SIMPLE TERMS, IS A SET OF
ECOSYSTEMS THAT SHARE SIMILAR
CHARACTERISTICS WITH THEIR ABIOTIC
FACTORS ADAPTED TO THEIR
ENVIRONMENT.

EX: AQUATIC FISHES

6 BIOSPHERE

5
GET ENOUGH SLEEP A BIOSPHERE IS THE SUM OF ALL THE
ECOSYSTEMS ESTABLISHED ON PLANET
EVERY ENGINEERING STUDENT HAS A EARTH. IT IS THE LIVING (AND
GOAL TO GET MORE SLEEP. WE RATHER DECOMPOSING) COMPONENT OF THE
WANT TO PASS OUR REQUIREMENTS, TERRESTRIAL SYSTEM.
QUIZZES, AND EXAMS RATHER THAN
SLEEPING. EX: ALL ECOSYSTEM ON EARTH