A Detailed Lesson Plan in Science for Grade Ten Students

MACAOROG, Aslia C.
BSED- Biology
Strategy: Active Learning, Hands- On Learning, Cooperative Learning

I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
1. explain the concept of homeostasis;
2. analyze what homeostasis can do;
3. describe how the nervous system coordinates and regulates negative feedback
mechanisms to maintain homeostasis; and
4. modify interest on the awareness of some common diseases of the nervous system.

II. LEARNING CONTENT

A. Topic: Coordinated Functions of the Reproductive, Endocrine and Nervous Systems:
Homeostasis in Nervous System
B. Reference: Learner’s Material in Science 10, Unit 3, Module 1 pp. 183; Rabago, L., et. Al
(2010). Functional Biology- Modular Approach. 2nd ed. Philippines: Vibal Publishing
House, Inc.
C. Materials: Jonas (Human Anatomy Model made of Cartoon) Diagram of a Negative
Feedback, PowerPoint Presentation, Anatomy and Physiology Mobile App
D. Science Concepts: A major function of the nervous system is to control the relatively
constancy of the internal environment of the organism. That is to provide the right
chemical environment for living processes to take place. This control of internal
environment is known as homeostasis. If homeostasis is successful, life continues; if
unsuccessful, disaster or death ensues.
E. Value: Able to reason, Open-minded and able to think logically, Honesty
F. Processes: Collaborating, Demonstrating, Reasoning and Constructing

III. LEARNING EXPERIENCE

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
A. Preliminary Activities

1. Greetings/Online Etiquette

Hello Hi! Good Morning everyone. Can you Student A: Good morning Ma’am.
please turn off your camera and unmute your
microphone so that I can hear your voices? Student B: Hello Ma’am, we already unmute
our microphone and turn on our camera.

Let know me know how you are feeling

today. Can you give me a thumbs up if you (Showing their thumbs)
are feeling good?

I can see that everybody’s virtual thumbs up

are there on our screen. Now, allow me show (Reading and following the rules)
in your screen our virtual learning rules
before we start our lesson for today. Please
read and follow.
So, I hope that everyone understands our
rules?
Did you? Please turn on your microphone and Student C: Yes Ma’am, we fully understand
let me know if you understand our rule. And the rules that are shown in our screen.
don’t forget to unmute your microphone to
prevent from noises. Okay?

2. Attendance Checking/Assignment

I am glad to hear that. Now, class did you
already sign the attendance that I have posted
in our Google Classroom? Where are the
others? There are only 19 students that have
already sign in the attendance.
Student D: Yes, Ma’am, we have already
signed on the attendance that have been
posted in the Google Classroom. But sadly,
some of our classmates couldn’t attend the
class today as they have a problem in the
internet connection. And same with Mr. Ali
chatted me that his not feeling well today.

Oh, if that’s the case, I will post the Student D: Yes, Ma’am.
PowerPoint Presentation and the other activity
in the Google Classroom so that they could Student E: Thank you very much Ma’am.
follow.

Anyways, I have already checked the

assignment that I gave you last week and Student F: Ma’am, I was about to upload it
yesterday was the due date. Yet only 11 of last night, but I run out of MB’s.
you have already submitted their works. How
about the others? What happen? Student G: Ma’am, my internet connection
was too slow, and I am still uploading it.

Okay, just turn it in when you have a good

connection. Student K: Yes, Ma’am. Thank you so much.

3. Review

To freshen up, who can tell us the discussion Wafa: Our lesson yesterday was all about the
yesterday? Yes, Wafa functions and divisions of Nervous.

Very well said Wafa. Let us give Wafa a (Students showing their virtual reaction)
virtual heart.
By the way, any question, clarifications,
additional information with regards to our Student D: We don’t have any question,
previous lesson? Ma’am!

Okay then! Let’s go!

B. Motivation

Then, let’s have a quick activity. Are you

ready? Student I: Yes, Ma’am we are ready!
Student K: Yes, we are.

I assume that you bring your own plastic bag

and a tape. Did you bring it? Student O: Yes Ma’am, we bring our own
plastic bag and tape.
Very good.

This activity is called ‘Baggie Activity’.

Directions:
1. Put a baggie or plastic bag on one of
your hands;
2. Tape the baggie so it stays secure on
your hand. You may have to form a
list to get your hand to fit. Do not put
the tape on too tight – it is ok if it is a
little loose; and
3. Observe what happen to your hand.
Now, I’ll give you 3 minutes to do the Now, I’ll give you 5 minutes to do the
activity.
Directions:
1. Put a baggie or plastic bag on one of
your hands;
2. Tape the baggie so it stays secure on
your hand. You may have to form a
list to get your hand to fit. Do not put
the tape on too tight – it is ok if it is a
little loose; and
3. Observe what happen to your hand.
activity.

So, for today, we will be using a Zoom

Breakout Room which I already group each of
you by two groups for you to share your
personal experience of that activity with the
other members. In each group should have a
one representative to answer the following
question right after 2 minutes.

The questions are: The questions are:

1. What did you notice to your hand? 1. What did you notice to your hand?
2. Why did that happen even when you 2. Why did that happen even when you
are just sitting there in your chair? are just sitting there in your chair?

Is that clear students?

Very good. Student F: We clearly understand the
procedure, Ma’am Lia.

Alright, now it is time for you to go in your

respective breakout rooms. And later, I’ll (Students going to their respective breakout
check each group after a 1 minute. room)

After 2 minutes After 2 minutes

Alright! Time is up for the activity. Alright! Time is up for the activity.
C. Developmental Activities
 1. Lesson Proper
Based on the activity that we have done
earlier, the ‘Baggie Activity’, what did you
notice to your hand?
Now, let us hear the thoughts from the group G1 Representative: Ma’am after doing the
1 representative. activity, we observed some sweat in our
hands.
Very good!

Now, how about the group 2? G2 Representative: Ma’am, we also observed

some sweat in our hands and some heat after
Perfect! doing the activity.

Why do you think that it sweats? Why does G1 Representative: Ma’am, because our skin
your skin give off heat and wastes even when is part of a system that helps us maintain
you are just sitting there in your chair? homeostasis.

G2 Representative: It sweats and gives off

heat to maintain the normal range of our
Brilliant! And that would be our topic for body.
today, which is maintaining the normal range
or balance in our body which is the
homeostasis.

Before that, anyone in the class who would

like to read our objectives for today?

OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students are At the end of the lesson, the students are
expected to: expected to:

1. explain the concept of homeostasis; 1. explain the concept of homeostasis;

2. analyze what homeostasis can do;
3. describe how the nervous system
coordinates and regulates negative
feedback mechanisms to maintain
homeostasis; and
4. modify interest on the awareness of
some common diseases of the nervous
system.
2. analyze what homeostasis can do;
3. describe how the nervous system
coordinates and regulates negative
feedback mechanisms to maintain
homeostasis; and
4. modify interest on the awareness of
some common diseases of the nervous
system.

(The teacher will be calling students to read

each objectives)

Before we proceed to the lesson, let’s unlock

some terms.

H O S S
Hint: It maintains the internal stability or
balance. Student K: Ma’am, we called it as
Very good! Homeostasis.
 N D H R M
Hint: It is also known as a warm-blooded Student L: Endotherm is also known as a
animal. warm blooded
Perfect!

For the last term we have two words.

N T V E
E E B K
Hint: It reduces or minimizes any internal or Student P: Ma’am, it is a negative feedback.
external changes of the body which help the
whole-body system to be stable. It is also
mechanism that regulates homeostasis.

Very good students!

Alright, now we have already unlocked some
difficult terms that you will be encountering
for today’s lesson I hope that you take note all Student D: We have already taken note all
these words. Okay? those words, Ma’am.

Perfect!

Well, you and your cells, tissues, organs,

organ system are all working towards
something called ‘Homeostasis’ which means
a state of balance.
Saud: Homeostasis is responsible for the
Anyone in the classroom who would like to regulation and maintenance of the internal
read what homeostasis? Yes, Saud environment of the body.

Yes homeostasis, means many things in your

body. For example, that your blood stays
within a pH certain level, it means your blood It means you internal body temperature stays
glucose remains within a certain level. It within a certain range or level.
means your internal body temperature stays
within a certain range or level.

See, we’ve mentioned that major body system

works with each other, for example we have
your Nervous System and the Endocrine Nervous System and the Endocrine System
System which these 2 systems are which these 2 systems are coordinating
coordinating together and today, were going together
to discuss how they work together- using
something called positive and negative
feedback.

And students keep in mind that we have We have positive and negative feedback
positive and negative feedback mechanism mechanism
but as for today, we will be tackling the
negative feedback and how this relates to
homeostasis.

And then, for the next meeting will be all

about the positive feedback and how this
relates to homeostasis. Student G: I’m so very excited to our lesson
 Ma’am.
Are you excited with our new lesson?
Student H: Me, too!

We learned that ectotherm animal is cold- Student Z: Lizards

blooded right? Now, can give me a name of
an ectotherm animal? Student X: Turtle

Student V: Frog

So, let’s have frog as an example. Frog is an

animal that some people refer to as cold-
blooded or we called them ‘ectotherm’.
Frog’s body temperature can fluctuate with
the environment. But not you! Because you
are warm blooded or called as?
Yes, Gigi Gigi: Humans are called as endotherm.

Very good!

Your body works hard to keep the internal

temperature on its normal level. It is also a
beautiful example of something called
negative feedback.
Student P: Ma’am, what is a negative
Perfect! But before we define it, let me show feedback?
you this example.

Say that you are in an environment that is

very hot place like being outside in the
Taguegarao, which is considered the hottest
place in the Philippines. That’s typically hot!

Thanks to nerves which act as sensors. The

brain notices this. It will send signals to
counteract this variable. Salha: What will the organs do in order to get
Yes, Salha rid of that heat, Ma’am?

Perfect question!

Sweat glands do what they do best, they will

release sweat!
Heat is lost as the sweat evaporates off your
skin. You may have some redness too. That’s
because of your blood vessels are getting
wider.

The result, whether you realize it or not, it

helps you lower your body temperature.

So, negative feedback system has three basic So, negative feedback system has three basic
components. The sensor, control center and components. The sensor, control center and
the effector. the effector.
Razak, please read what a sensor is which is Razak: Sensors detect changes in the
now shown in your screen. environment and carry impulses to the control
center.
Very good!

So, the sensor will give feedback to the

control center. Your control center will
compare the value to the normal range. If the
value deviates too much from the set point,
then the control center will activate an
effector.

Then, what is an effector? Sania please read Sania: Effector causes a change to reverse the
what effector is? situation and return the value to the normal
range.
Yes, very good!

So, a simplified definition: negative feedback

is when some variable triggers a countering Negative feedback is when some variable
response. If we consider that this whole thing triggers a countering response.
is a negative feedback loop, we can see that
the negative feedback brings the body to the
set point, which in this case is a stable
temperature. Keeping homeostasis.

Negative feedback is also going on in the

regulation of your glucose, your blood sugar.
When glucose is too high, one hormone that is When glucose is too high, one hormone that is
released is insulin. released is insulin.
In most cases, candies and chocolates will Johaynie: Pancreas will release insulin after
cause blood sugar levels rise. So again, what the blood sugar levels rise.
will pancreas do?

Brilliant! Now, let us give Johaynie a virtual

thumbs up.

What if you skip a meal? What do you think Fathma: Pancreas will secrete glucagon.
will happen? Yes, Fatma

Excellent! Now again, let us give Fatma a

virtual thumbs up.

This hormone can have many effects and one

of them is that it can cause the liver to release
glucose into the blood. There is more to the
regulation of blood sugar than this, but you
can see how that’s negative feedback you
have encountering response here in order to
keep homeostasis.

So why do we care about feedback? Other Dan: Ma’am, because we also need to
than you the importance of negative feedback understand feedback so we can understand
in maintaining homeostasis? Yes, Dan what is happening when there is a problem in
the feedback system
Brilliant!

What might happen to a person whose

nervous system and endocrine system fail to Alyssa: Ma’am, when the body is not in
maintain homeostasis? homeostasis, organ failure or diseases could
Yes, Alyssa happen.

Excellent!

2. Generalization

This time let us play a game entitled “Fact of

Bluff”. I will give you sets of statements and
analyses it whether it is a true or not. If it is
true, raise the paper with the word “fact” and
“bluff” if otherwise. Is that clear?
Student Q: Yes, Ma’am!
Are you ready?
Student T: We are ready, Ma’am!
Alright! Let is start the game!
Questions:

 There are three different control Answers

system in the body namely; sensors,
control center and effector. 1. Fact
  Homeostasis is not responsible for
maintaining internal stability or
balance. 2. Bluff

 The brain is the control center of the

body.
3. Fact
 Effector is also a mechanism that
regulates homeostasis.
4. Bluff
 Negative feedback reduces or
minimizes any internal or external
changes of the body which help the 5. Fact
whole-body system to be stable. It is
also mechanism that regulates
homeostasis.

3. Application
(Expected answers are the following)
Nowadays, the food we eat, the things we do, 1. Perform regular exercise
affects our lifestyle, and how we interact with 2. Refrain from smoking
other people affects our nervous system too. 3. Get plenty of rest
Since we are in time of the pandemic, how 4. Drink 8 to 10 glasses of water a
can you protect yourself from COVID 19? day
5. Eat a well-balanced diet

IV. EVALUATION

Directions: Read and understand the questions that is posted in our Google Classroom. Click the
letter that corresponds to your answer. Please be honest when answering the question and be reminded
that these evaluations will only be visible in 30 minutes after the classes.

1. Stimulation of heat-loss center causes _____.

a. Breathing to become slow and shallow
b. Sweat glands to increase their output
c. All of the options
d. Blood vessels in the skin to constrict
2. After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the distension, (the stimulus)
resulting from the food. They relay this information to ____.
a. Set point
b. A control center
c. Effectors
d. Sensors

ESSAY: Consider the situation below and answer the questions briefly.
1. Suppose a boy skipped his lunch for the day. How will the hormones (glucagon) from his
pancreas help his body to cope with his blood sugar level drops below normal?
2. Suppose a girl ate too many sweets such as candies and chocolates. How will the hormones
(insulin) from her pancreas help her body cope with a possible blood sugar level rise above
normal
 V. ASSIGNMENT

Install the app Anatomy and Physiology in your mobile phone. Secondly, click on the
“Study”
then click on the “Unit 1: Level of Organizations”. Thirdly, click on the “1.1 An Introduction to the
Human Body” and then click on the “1.1.6 Homeostasis Lesson” and you will be directed to a
notes/lesson about the Homeostasis. And read in advance what a positive feedback mechanism can do.

NOTE: Anatomy and Physiology App will be used in the next meeting. Make sure to download it now!