Beam-Columns

CE579 - Structural Stability and Design

Amit H. Varma
Ph. No. (765) 496 3419
Email: ahvarma@purdue.edu
 Beam-Columns

n Members subjected to bending & axial compression are called

beam-columns.

n Beam-columns in frames are usually subjected to end forces only.

However, beam-columns may also be subjected to transverse
forces in addition to end-forces.

n Behavior of beam-columns is similar somewhat to beams &

columns.
 Beam-Columns

4.1 Force-deformation Behavior Ry

Ry MTX
z, w
P P
MBX v
L
x, u
y, v

M 0 = −M Bx "
Let, # change of variable, -1 ≤ κ ≤ 1
κ M 0 = M Tx $
Ry
Ry κM0
M0
P P
v

θ0 θL
Beam-Columns
 Beam-Columns: Behavior

n Consider the experimental behavior of a wide-flange beam-column

subjected to P=0.49PY (concentric) & (increasing) with κ=0
 Beam-Columns: Behavior

n Behavior of beam-columns is different than the behavior of beam

or column.

P < Pmax/column → Therefore, some reserve capacity to carry M

M<M p → Moment carried is less than M p because P ≠ 0
& M 0 / max for the beam-column is not maintained
through indefinite rotations
 Beam-Columns: Behavior

n Note that for beams moment is reduced due to LTB or LB

buckling out-of-plane
n But, for the beam-column M 0 / max is reached due to in-plane
behavior only no LTB or LB before M 0 / max is reached
M0/L P z
M (z) = M 0 (1− ) + Pν
L
↓
v
secondary moment
As M 0 increases, ν increases
↓
increasing Pν
When member yields, ν increases more rapidly
M0/L
M0 ↓
P Pν increases at such a rate that it dominates
 Beam-Columns: Behavior

n Note that for beams moment is reduced due to LTB or LB

buckling out-of-plane
n But, for the beam-column M 0 / max is reached due to in-plane
behavior only no LTB or LB before M 0 / max is reached
M0/L P z
M (z) = M 0 (1− ) + Pν
L
↓
v
secondary moment
As M 0 increases, ν increases
↓
increasing Pν
When member yields, ν increases more rapidly
M0/L
M0 ↓
P Pν increases at such a rate that it dominates
 Beam-Columns: Behavior

n Consider, over all behavior

 Beam-Columns: Differential Equations

4.2 Elastic Behavior

M By = M Ty = 0, M Bz = −M 0 & M Tz = κ M 0 , P = P

n 2nd order differential equations are:

z
EI xν ''+ Pν − Px0φ = M 0 [−1+ (1− κ )] → (1)
L
z
EI y u''+ Pu + M 0φ [1− (1− κ )]+ Py0φ = 0 → (2)
L
z
EI wφ '''− (GKT + K )φ '+ M 0 u'[1− (1− κ )]
L
M
+Py0 u'− Px0 v'+ 0 (1− κ )u = 0 → (3)
L

n Eq. (1), (2), & (3) are coupled. Eq. (1) is also coupled through.
n This means that for most general cross-sections with
x0 ≠ 0 & y0 ≠ 0 → applying P & M 0 → u, v & φ
 Beam-Columns: Differential Equations

n For a singly symmetric cross-section with x0 = 0 & moments

acting in the plane of symmetry (y-z plane)

z
EI xν ''+ Pν = M 0 [−1+ (1− κ )] → (4)
L
z
EI y u''+ Pu + M 0φ [1− (1− κ )]+ Py0φ = 0 → (5)
L
z
EI wφ '''− (GKT + K )φ '+ M 0 u'[1− (1− κ )]
0 L
M
+Py0 u'− Px0 v'+ 0 (1− κ )u = 0 → (6)
L
 Beam-Columns: Differential Equations
n Differentiating these equations
EI xν iv + Pν '' = 0 → (7)
z 2M 0
EI y uiv + Pu''+ M 0 [1− (1− κ )]φ ''− (1− κ )φ '+ Py0φ '' = 0 → (8)
L L
z
EI wφ iv − (GKT + K )φ ''− K ' φ '+ M 0 [1− (1− κ )]u''+Py0 u'' = 0 → (9)
L
The value of K = ∫ σ a 2 dA %'
P M y
A &σ = − + x
A Ix
(10) →∴ K = −Pr02 + M x β x '(

Column Beam
z
Where, M x = M 0 (1− (1− κ )) → moment within the span of b.c.
L
∴Eq (9) can be written as
(1− κ )
EI wφ iv − (GKT − Pr02 + M x β x )φ ''+ M 0 β xφ ' + M x u''+Py0 u'' = 0 → (11)
L
 Beam-Columns: Differential Equations

n Now the final equations are (7), (8) & (11).

Where, Eq. (7) is uncoupled from eq. (8) & (11).
n Eq. (7) defines the in-plane bending deformations
n Eq. (8) & (11) correspond to the occurrence of LTB.
 In-Plane Behavior of Beam-Columns

4.2.1 IN-PLANE behavior & strength

Solve for constants of intigrations:
M 0 " κ − cos(Fv L) z %
ν= $( )sin(Fv z) + cos(Fv z) + (1− κ ) −1' → (14)
P # sin(Fv L) L &
∴bending moment at any point z is computed as:
" κ − cos(Fv L) %
M = −EI xν '' = M 0 $( )sin(Fv z) + cos(Fv z)' → (15)
# sin(Fv L) &
max. moment location & value
dM " κ − cos(Fv L) %
= 0 ∴ M 0 $( )cos(Fv z) − sin(Fv z)' = 0
dz # sin(Fv L) &
So max. moment occurs when
κ − cos(Fv L)
tan(Fv z) = → (16)
sin(Fv L)
 In-Plane Behavior of Beam-Columns

corresponding M max = M 0 [tan(Fv z)sin(Fv z) + cos(Fv z)]

which can be simplified to M max = M 0φ → (17)
1
where, φ =
cos(Fv z)
1+ κ 2 − 2κ cos(Fv L)
∴φ =
sin(Fv L)
1+ κ 2 − 2κ cos(Fv L)
∴ M max = M 0 → (18)
sin(Fv L)
 In-Plane Behavior of Beam-Columns
n Thus, for a beam-column subjected to P & M
In-Plane Behavior of Beam-Columns
sin(Fv L)
Location z from: cos(Fv z) = → (19)
2
1+ κ − 2κ cos(Fv L)
16 may result in values of z that are negative
Eq. (19)
→ This means that M max does not occur in 0 ≤ z ≤ L and
M 0 is the max. moment for the beam-column
→ When does M max occur within the span
If κ ≤≥ cos(Fv L) → then φ =1.0 (M max out span)
If κ ≥
≤ cos(Fv L) → then φ =Eq.(18) (M max in span)
π 2 EI x
Another limitting situation, When P = Pcr =
L2
M
then, no moment can be applied ∴ M 0 = max = 0
φ
∴φ = ∞
∴sin(Fv L) = 0
∴(Fv L)max = π → (20)