INTEGRATION

CONCEPTS AND POWER

RULE FORMULA
LESSON 1
PRESENTED BY: ENGR. ROMULO C. CRUZ, JR.
INTEGRATION
• The process of finding a function F(x) the derivative of which,
𝑑
𝐹 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

• This is indicated by the integral sign “∫,” as in

𝑑
‫)𝑥(𝐹 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝐹 𝑥𝑑 ׬ = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬‬

and is called the indefinite integral of the function

• The symbol dx represents an infinitesimal displacement along x; thus ∫ f(x) dx is the summation of the product
of f(x) and dx. The definite integral of f(x) is written
𝑏
‫ = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 𝑎׬‬F(b) − F(a), with a and b called the limits of integration

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PROPERTIES OF INDEFINITE INTEGRAL

• ‫ 𝑢 = 𝑢𝑑 ׬‬+ 𝑐, where c = constant of integration

• ‫ 𝑢𝑑 ׬‬+ 𝑑𝑣 + ⋯ + 𝑑𝑧 = ‫ 𝑢𝑑 ׬‬+ ‫ 𝑣𝑑 ׬‬+ ⋯ + ‫𝑧𝑑 ׬‬

• ‫𝑢𝑑 ׬ 𝑘 = 𝑢𝑑 𝑘 ׬‬, where k = a constant

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POWER RULE FORMULA
From the differentiation formula
𝑑 𝑛
𝑢 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1
𝑑𝑢

Replacing n with n + 1 gives

𝑑 𝑛+1
𝑢 = 𝑛 + 1 𝑢𝑛
𝑑𝑢

Dividing both sides by n + 1

𝑑 𝑛+1
𝑢
𝑛 𝑑𝑢
𝑢 =
𝑛+1
𝑑 𝑢𝑛+1
𝑢𝑛 = + 𝑐 , where n  −1
𝑑𝑢 𝑛+1

𝒖𝒏+𝟏
න 𝒖𝒏 𝒅𝒖 = +𝒄
𝒏+𝟏 Monday, February 8, 2021 4
EXAMPLE 1
න 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬4 𝑑𝑥 + ‫ ׬‬2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬4 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬
𝑥 4+1 𝑥 1+1
= + 2 +𝑐
4+1 1+1
𝑥5 𝑥2
= + 2 +𝑐
5 2
𝒙𝟓
= + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒄
𝟓

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EXAMPLE 2

න 3𝑥 5 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

= ‫ ׬‬3𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥 − ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 𝑑𝑥
= 3 ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬5 𝑑𝑥 − ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥6 𝑥3
= 3 − +𝑐
6 3
𝒙𝟔 𝒙𝟑
= − +𝒄
𝟐 𝟑

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EXAMPLE 3

න 8𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 4 𝑑𝑥

= 8 ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬3 𝑑𝑥 + 3 ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 𝑑𝑥 − 4 ‫𝑥𝑑 ׬‬

𝑥4 𝑥3
= 8 + 3 − 4𝑥 + 𝑐
4 3

= 𝟐𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝒄

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EXAMPLE 4

න 7𝑥 6 − 6𝑥 2 + 5 𝑑𝑥

= 7 ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬6 𝑑𝑥 − 6 ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 𝑑𝑥 + 5 ‫𝑥𝑑 ׬‬

𝑥7 𝑥3
= 7 − 6 + 5𝑥 + 𝑐
7 3

= 𝒙𝟕 − 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝒄

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EXAMPLE 5
𝑑𝑦
න9 4
𝑦
𝑑𝑦
= 9‫׬‬
𝑦4

= 9 ‫ 𝑦 ׬‬−4 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 −3
= 9 +𝑐
−3
= −3𝑦 −3 + 𝑐
𝟑
=− +𝒄
𝒚𝟑

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EXAMPLE 6
2
න + 3 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦

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EXAMPLE 6

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EXAMPLE 7
න 8𝑧 − 9 𝑑𝑧

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EXAMPLE 7

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EXAMPLE 8
2
2
න −𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦

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EXAMPLE 8

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EXAMPLE 9
2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
න 3
𝑥 −1 2

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EXAMPLE 9

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EXAMPLE 10

න 𝑥 𝑥 2 − 12 𝑑𝑥

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EXAMPLE 10

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END OF LESSON

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