PNTC COLLEGES

Zone III, Lt. Cantimbuhan St. Poblacion, Dasmariñas City

ACTIVITY SHEET
Name REI JULIAN KYLE T. Year and 1ST YEAR – MT NPBST 11 A1-
MONLEON Section QC
Course Code SEA 101A Course Title Ships, Ship Routine &
Construction
Module #3 Content Topic
Number
Teacher 2/O Guevarra, Christian Felix Date 10 – 08 – 2021
B.

PART 1. EVALUATE

Form No. BPM2-CME 20 F-010

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 PNTC COLLEGES
Zone III, Lt. Cantimbuhan St. Poblacion, Dasmariñas City

What is Free Surface Effect?

- A free surface effect is also called as “slack tanks” are When a

ship is partially filled, the liquid’s center of gravity position will
change as the ship is inclined. The Liquid in partially filled tank
always decreases the initial metacentric height, vanishing the
stability. The reduction of stability caused by the liquids in slack
tanks is known as free-surface effect.

So, what will happen if the ship stays at a free surface effect?

- the ship's liquid center gravity position will change resulting in the
inclining of the ship. This can endanger the ship or even lead to a
negative metacentric height. As the vessel continues to experience
this effect it can result in the ship being unstable and might get
capsized. Therefore, the number of partially filled tanks should be
kept to a minimum. When ballasting the vessel, only one transverse
pair or a single centerline ballast tank should be filled up.

Form No. BPM2-CME 20 F-010

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 PNTC COLLEGES
Zone III, Lt. Cantimbuhan St. Poblacion, Dasmariñas City

When a vessel is at sea, it is prone to a variety of pressures that cause the

structure to deform. We cannot avoid the different stresses of the ship at
sea because sometimes the sea is calm and sometimes the sea is bad we can
never tell the change of the condition of the sea. Because of these stresses,
it can lead to accidents and the worst is the death of a crew. It can affect
the crew's lives and the large sums of money that cargos are worth. Ship
stresses may vary from dynamic to static forces, but the most common stress
that might affect the ship is the improper cargo plan weight distribution.
This can lead to the ships hogging or sagging because of the uneven weight
distribution of the cargoes which can lead to loss of the cargoes on the sea.
Where we know that cargos have product inside that is worth a high amount
of money. Next is the crew, stresses can affect the crew too especially their
safety onboard. A loss of a crew means that the manpower on the ship will
decrease, in that way operation on the ships will get affected because some
machinery requires maintenance and manpower.

Form No. BPM2-CME 20 F-010

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 PNTC COLLEGES
Zone III, Lt. Cantimbuhan St. Poblacion, Dasmariñas City

PART 2. EXTEND

As a Future seafarer, understanding the ship's different stresses are

important and beneficial, Knowing the ship's state can help us stay
safe on board. Alternatively, we can assist in the repair and
prevention of these pressures so that severe accidents and cargo loss
at sea are avoided. Knowing the various stresses that a vessel will
encounter at sea is essential from the perspective of a naval
architect since it will give them knowledge on how to enhance the
ship's design so that it will have a sturdy hull and tough enough to
resist the stress and strain on the sea.

Form No. BPM2-CME 20 F-010

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 PNTC COLLEGES
Zone III, Lt. Cantimbuhan St. Poblacion, Dasmariñas City

As a ship's third mate officer, my

top objective is to ensure the
safety of the crew and the goods
being loaded onto the ship. If I ever
discover an unbalanced weight
distribution of the cargo on a
portion of my ship, I will quickly
rectify the accurate estimate of
the cargo weight on the ship to
avoid shearing pressures. As a
third mate, I'll direct my crew to
transfer some goods in the section
with enough load capacity. To avoid
the ship's significant bending
moment, I will guarantee that the
cargo weights are all balanced in
my vessel.

As a future seafarer we know that

the pressure and bending moments
of the ship cannot be avoided but it
will be reduced if the weight is
distributed evenly. When it comes
to designing a safe ship
construction, bending stress is a
key problem. Unfortunately, there
is no way to exclude the existence
of bending moments because the
ship is built to travel to the sea
and will be subjected to wave
action. These regions must have
enough strength to withstand
these strains.

Form No. BPM2-CME 20 F-010

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