MEASURE OF DISPERSION

OR
MEASURE OF VARIATION
 Measure of Variation or Dispersion

•The measure of dispersion indicates the

scattering of data. It explains the disparity
of data from one another, delivering a
precise view of the distribution of data. ... In
other words, Dispersion is the extent to
which values in a distribution differ from the
average of the distribution.
 Measure of Variation or Dispersion

Range – It is the simplest method of

measurement of dispersion and defines the
difference between the largest and the
smallest item in a given distribution. Suppose,
If Y represent the highest score and X
represent the lowest score then
Range = Y – X or Range = HS (UB) – LS (LB)
 Measure of Variation or Dispersion

Quartile Average Deviation – It is

known as Semi-Inter-Quartile Range,
That is half of the Quartile Average
Deviation can be calculated by
Q3  Q1
QAD 
2
 Measure of Variation or Dispersion
Mean Average Deviation (MAD) is the arithmetic
mean of the absolute deviations of the
observations from a measure of central tendency.
If x1, x2, … , xn are the set of observation, then the
mean deviation of x about the average A (mean,
median, or mode) is
MAD 
 ( x  mean)
n
 Measure of Variation or Dispersion

STANDARD DEVIATION (sd or s ) is the

positive square root of the arithmetic
mean of the squares of the deviations of
the given values from their arithmetic
mean. It is denoted by a Greek letter
sigma, σ. It is also referred to as root
mean square deviation.
 Measure of Variation or Dispersion
The VARIANCE of a data set gives you a rough
idea of how spread out your data is. A small
number for the variance means your data set is
tightly clustered together and a large number
means the values are more spread apart. The
variance is rarely useful except to calculate the
standard deviation.
 Measure of Variation or Dispersion
Characteristics of a Good Measure of Dispersion
• It should be easy to calculate & simple to understand.
• It should be based on all the observations of the series.
• It should be rigidly defined.
• It should not be affected by extreme values.
• It should not be unduly affected by sampling
fluctuations.
• It should be capable of further mathematical treatment
and statistical analysis.
 UNGROUPED DATA - RANGE
Given: 36, 37, 38, 39, 45, 48, 50, 53, 59

Range: HS – LS

R = 59 – 36 = 23
 UNGROUPED DATA - IQR
Given: 36, 37, 38, 39, 45, 48, 50, 53, 59
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
IQR  Q3  Q1
3(n  1) 3(10) 30 8th  53 & 7th  50
Q3     7.50 score
4 4 4 8th  7th score
53  50  3
3(.50)  1.50

Q3  50  1.5  51.5
 UNGROUPED DATA - IQR
Given: 36, 37, 38, 39, 45, 48, 50, 53, 59
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
IQR  Q3  Q1
1n 1(10) 10 2nd  37 & 3rd  38
Q1     2.50 score
4 4 4 3rd  2nd score
38  37  1
1(.50)  .50

Q1  37  .50  37.50
 UNGROUPED DATA - IQR
Given: 36, 37, 38, 39, 45, 48, 50, 53, 59
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
IQR  Q3  Q1

IQR  Q3  Q1
= 51.50  37.50
 14
 UNGROUPED DATA - QAD
Given: 36, 37, 38, 39, 45, 48, 50, 53, 59
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th

Q3  Q1
QAD 
Q3  Q1 2
QAD  51.5  37.50
2 =
2
14

2
QAD  7
UNGROUPED DATA – MEAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATION
Given: 36, 37, 38, 39, 45, 48, 50, 53, 59
X X-Mean
36 9
MAD 
 ( x  mean)
37 8
38 7
n
39 6
60
MAD 
45 0
48 3
50 5 9
53
59
8
14
MAD  6.67
405 60
 UNGROUPED DATA – VARIANCE
Given: 36, 37, 38, 39, 45, 48, 50, 53, 59
x x-mean (x-mean)^2
36 9 81 ( x  x ) 2

37 8 64 s 
2

38 7 49 n
39 6 36
524
45 0 0   58.22
48 3 9 9
50 5 25
53 8 64
59 14 196
405 60 524
 UNGROUPED DATA – STANDARD DEVIATION
Given: 36, 37, 38, 39, 45, 48, 50, 53, 59
x x-mean (x-mean)^2
36 9 81 ( x  x ) 2

37 8 64 s
38 7 49 n
39 6 36
45 0 0 524
48 3 9

9
50 5 25
53
59
8
14
64
196
 7.63
405 60 524
Measure of Dispersion

GROUPED DATA
Frequency Distribution Table
x f
53 - 57 2
48 - 52 2
43 - 47 5
38 - 42 3
33 - 37 8
28 - 32 15
23 - 27 12
18 - 22 9
13 - 17 3
8 - 12 1
60
 Range
x f
53 - 57 2 Range  HSUB  LS LB
48 - 52 2
43 - 47 5
38 - 42 3 R  57.5  7.5
33 - 37 8
28 - 32 15
23
18
-
-
27
22
12
9  50
13 - 17 3
8 - 12 1
60
 IQR – Inter Quartile Range - Q3
x f <cf
 3n 
 4  cfbq 3 
53 - 57 2 60
48 - 52 2 58
Q3  xlb   i 43 - 47 5 56
 fq3  38 - 42 3 51
  -
33 37 8 48

 45  40  28 - 32 15 40
Q3  32.5   5 23 - 27 12 25
 8  18 - 22 9 13
13 - 17 3 4

Q3  35.63 8 - 12 1 1
60
 IQR – Inter Quartile Range Q1
x f <cf
n 
 4  cfbq1 
53 - 57 2 60
-
Q1  xlb  
48 52 2 58
i 43 - 47 5 56
 fq1 
-
  38 42 3 51
33 - 37 8 48
 15  13  28 - 32 15 40
Q1  22.5   5 23 - 27 12 25
 12  18 - 22 9 13
-
Q1  23.33
13 17 3 4
8 - 12 1 1
60
 IQR – Inter Quartile Range
x f <cf
53 - 57 2 60 IQR  Q3  Q1
48 - 52 2 58
43 - 47 5 56
38 - 42 3 51 IQR  35.63  23.33
33 - 37 8 48
28 - 32 15 40
23
18
-
-
27
22
12
9
25
13
IQR  12.30
13 - 17 3 4
8 - 12 1 1
60
 QAD – Quartile Average Deviation
x f <cf
Q3  Q1
53 - 57 2 60 QAD 
48 - 52 2 58 2
43 - 47 5 56
38 - 42 3 51
35.63  23.33
33 - 37 8 48 QAD 
28 - 32 15 40 2
23 - 27 12 25
18 - 22 9 13
13 - 17 3 4 QAD  6.15
8 - 12 1 1
60
 Mean
x f xm fxm fxm
53 - 57 2 55 110 x
48 - 52 2 50 100 n
43 - 47 5 45 225
1,820
38 - 42 3 40 120 x
33 - 37 8 35 280 60
28 - 32 15 30 450
23 - 27 12 25 300
18 - 22 9 20 180  30.33
13 - 17 3 15 45
8 - 12 1 10 10
60 1820
 MAD - Mean Absolute Deviation
x f xm fxm xm-mean f(xm-mean) MAD   f (x m  x)
53 - 57 2 55 110 24.67 49.34 n
48 - 52 2 50 100 19.67 39.34
43 - 47 5 45 225 14.67 73.35 456.59
38 - 42 3 40 120 9.67 29.00 MAD 
33 - 37 8 35 280 4.67 37.36
60
28 - 32 15 30 450 0.33 4.95
23
18
-
-
27
22
12
9
25
20
300
180
5.33
10.33
63.96
92.97
MAD  7.61
13 - 17 3 15 45 15.33 45.99
8 - 12 1 10 10 20.33 20.33
60 1820 456.59
 s^2 - Variance

f(xm- (xm- f(xm-
x f xm fxm xm-mean mean) mean)^2 mean)^2 f ( x  x) 2

53 - 57 2 55 110 24.67 49.33 608.44 1,216.89 s 2


48 - 52 2 50 100 19.67 39.33 386.78 773.56 n
43 - 47 5 45 225 14.67 73.33 215.11 1,075.56
38 - 42 3 40 120 9.67 29.00 93.44 280.33 5,943.33
33 - 37 8 35 280 4.67 37.33 21.78 174.22 s  2

28 - 32 15 30 450 0.33 5.00 0.11 1.67 60

23 - 27 12 25 300 5.33 64.00 28.44 341.33
18 - 22
13 - 17
9
3
20
15
180
45
10.33
15.33
93.00
46.00
106.78
235.11
961.00
705.33
s  99.05
2

8 - 12 1 10 10 20.33 20.33 413.44 413.44

60 1820 457 5,943.33
 s or sd – Standard Deviation
f(xm- f(xm-
x
53 - 57
f
2
xm
55
fxm
110
xm-mean
24.67
mean)
49.33
(xm-mean)^2

608.44
mean)^2

1,216.89 s
 f ( x  x) 2

48 - 52 2 50 100 19.67 39.33 386.78 773.56 n

43 - 47 5 45 225 14.67 73.33 215.11 1,075.56
38 - 42 3 40 120 9.67 29.00 93.44 280.33 5,943.33
33 - 37 8 35 280 4.67 37.33 21.78 174.22 s
28 - 32 15 30 450 0.33 5.00 0.11 1.67
60
23 - 27 12 25 300 5.33 64.00 28.44 341.33
s  99.05
18 - 22 9 20 180 10.33 93.00 106.78 961.00
13 - 17 3 15 45 15.33 46.00 235.11 705.33
8 - 12 1 10 10 20.33 20.33 413.44 413.44 s  9.95
60 1820 457 5,943.33
 ACTIVITY
x f
112 - 116 1
107 - 111 3
102 - 106 5
97 - 101 8
92 - 96 10
87 - 91 12
82 - 86 9
77 - 81 6
72 - 76 2
67 - 71 5
62 - 66 3
57 - 61 1
 ACTIVITY – Measure of Dispersion
Calculate the Measure of Dispersion

1. Range
2. Inter Quartile Range
3. Quartile Average Deviation
4. Mean Absolute Deviation
5. Variance
6. Standard Deviation

**** You can use the EXCEL to complete the table

**** Show your complete solution in whole sheet of paper
**** Express all your final answer up to 2 decimal places only