J N Islam Science Camp (Math Camp)

Camp Test [Number Theory (Advanced)]

Time: 120 minutes Date: 29 July 2021 Total Marks: 42

[ Answer all 6 questions. Marks are indicated at the end of each question. All questions contain same marks.
You have 120 minutes for answering and additional 20 minutes for submission & submission related works.]

1. (a) Describe the mechanism of standard division system containing Dividend, Divisor, Resultant
and Remainder. Then relate your description with the standard division equation 𝑎𝑎 = 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑟𝑟
(𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, 𝑞𝑞 and 𝑟𝑟 are dividend, divisor, resultant and remainder respectively). [5]
(b) Suppose, you need to divide 19710 with respect to 28. Relate this division procedure with
your answer in the previous question. Here the resultant and the remainder are 703 and 26
respectively. [2]

2. (a) Describe what you understand about Remainders and Minimal Remainders. What is the
difference between Minimal Remainder and Minimal Residue? [3]
(b) Given that, the remainder is not 0, find the sum of all the numbers that has chance of not
having a minimal remainder when these numbers stay as divisor in the division process. [4]

3. (a) Prove that, all even power of 2 is 2 less than a multiple of 3. [5]
(b) Show that, 42𝑘𝑘 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 2𝑘𝑘 + 1), 𝑘𝑘 ∈ ℕ [2]

4. Given a linear congruence 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 ≡ 𝑏𝑏 (𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚) [(𝑎𝑎, 𝑚𝑚) = 𝑑𝑑]

(a) What do you understand by incongruent solution of a congruence? Find a triplet (𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, 𝑟𝑟) such
that the given linear congruence is incongruent with justification. Also show, what changes
could make the triplet a valid linear congruence. [6]
(b) Find all possible 𝑑𝑑 such that, the number of incongruent solutions can be equal to all the
divisors of 𝑑𝑑. (You won’t get any mark without justification) [1]

5. (a) What do you understand about Linear Diophantine Equation of two variables? Describe
briefly. Also write the general solution of a Linear Diophantine Equation of two variables. [2]
(b) Write and solve a valid Linear Diophantine equation of two variables, where the constant
part in Right Hand Side is 2021 and none of the coefficients of the variables is 1 or 2021. [5]

6. (a) What is least residue? Given 𝑛𝑛 = 101, then what is the number of elements of set of all least
residues modulo 𝑛𝑛? [2]
(b) What will be the remainder when 20212021 is divided by 2020? [3]
(c) You bought 4 Cone Ice-cream, 3 Stick Ice-cream and 1 Cup Ice-cream. The price of stick and
cup ice-cream is same and all the ice-cream had integer price. The shop-keeper charged 370
Taka overall. Did the shop-keeper made right calculation? Justify your answer. [2]