Mt. Carmel School of Siargao, Inc.

2021
LEARNING MODULES
MATHEMATICS GRADE 9|Q1 Wk 3

QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS

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Deadline: SEPTEMBER 13, 2021
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 SURIGAO DIOCESAN SCHOOL SYSTEM
8418, National Road, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte
Member: Catholic Education Association of the Philippines (CEAP)
Surigao Association of Catholic Schools (SACS)
Email: mcssdelcarmen@gmail.com
Cell No.: 0910-226-9709
Mt. Carmel School of Siargao, Inc.
Student’s Learning Activity Sheets in Mathematics 9
1st Quarter, SY 2021-2022

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Expert Teacher: John Nino Doligol
Activity No. : 1.3
Topic: Characterising the Roots of Quadratic Equation using Descriminant
Learning Target: I can characterize the roots of a quadratic equation using the discriminant
- M9AL-Ic-1
Values/Attitudes: Excellence
References:
Type of Activity: Concept Notes

What I Need to Know

In this module we will start with assessing your knowledge of the different mathematics concepts
previously studied and your skills in performing mathematical operations. These knowledge and skills will help
you in understanding the nature of roots of quadratic equations. As you go through this lesson think on how you
could characterize the roots of a quadratic equation using the discriminant.

I. CONCEPT NOTE
We have already studied the quadratic formula,

2
-b ± √b – 4ac
x=
2a

The binomial inside the radical sign is called the discriminant. It is used to determine the nature of the
roots of a quadratic equation. We can also determine the number of real roots for a quadratic equation with
this number. The following table will give us the relation between the discriminant and the nature of the roots.

Number of real
Discriminant Nature of the Roots
roots
b2 – 4ac = 0 Real and Equal 1

b2 – 4ac > 0 and a perfect square Rational and Unequal 2

b2 – 4ac < 0 but not a perfect square Irrational and Unequal 2

Imaginary/No Real
b2- 4ac < 0 None
Roots
We will discuss here about the different cases of discriminant to understand the nature of the roots of a
quadratic equation.
We know that x1 and x2 are the roots of the general form of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
where (a ≠ 0) then we get
2
-b + √b2 – 4ac -b – √b – 4ac
x1 = and x2 =
2a 2a
Here a, b and c are real and rational.
Then, the nature of the roots x1 and x2 of equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 depends on the quantity or
expression i.e., b2 – 4ac under the radical sign.

Example 1:
Find the discriminant value of x2 –12x + 36 = 0 and determine the number of real roots.
Solution:
Step 1: Identify the values of a, b and c.
The given equation is x2 – 12x + 36 = 0. The equation is in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0 where,
a=1 b = -12 and c = 36
 Step 2: Substitute the values of a, b and c to the Discriminant = b2 − 4ac
Discriminant = b2 − 4ac
= (-12)2 − 4(1)(36)
= 144 −144
=0

Step 3: Describe the nature of the roots.

Since the discriminant value of the equation is zero then the equation
x2 – 12x + 36 = 0 has a double root and the roots are real and are equal.

This can be checked by determining the roots of x2 – 12x + 36 = 0 using any of the methods of solving
quadratic equations.

If factoring is used, the roots that can be obtained are the following:

x2 – 12x + 36 = 0
(x – 6) (x – 6) = 0
x–6=0 x–6=0
x=6 x=6
(a double root)

The roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 12x + 36 = 0 are real numbers and are equal.

II. LEARNING EXPERIENCE

A. Checking for Understanding: Your goal in this section is to describe the nature of the roots of
the quadratic equation using its discriminant. Answer the questions that follow.

Example:
3x2 – 2x – 5 = 0 Discriminant 64 Nature of Roots rational and unequal

2
1. – 6x + 7x + 3 = 0 Discriminant ______ Nature of Roots __________
2
2. 9x – 3n + 2 = 0 Discriminant ______ Nature of Roots __________
2
3. – 2x – 8x – 8 = 0 Discriminant ______ Nature of Roots __________
2
4. 2x + 5x – 4 = 0 Discriminant ______ Nature of Roots __________
2
5. 9x – 6x + 1 = 0 Discriminant ______ Nature of Roots __________
 SURIGAO DIOCESAN SCHOOL SYSTEM
8418, National Road, Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte
Member: Catholic Education Association of the Philippines (CEAP)
Surigao Association of Catholic Schools (SACS)
Email: mcssdelcarmen@gmail.com
Cell No.: 0910-226-9709
Mt. Carmel School of Siargao, Inc.

Student’s Learning Activity Sheets in Mathematics 9

1st Quarter, SY 2021-2022

Subject: MATHEMATICS
Expert Teacher: John Nino Doligol
Activity No. : 1.4
Topic: Coefficient and Roots of Quadratic equation
Learning Target: I can describe the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a quadratic
equation. - M9AL-Ic-2
Values/Attitudes: Excellence
References:
Type of Activity: Concept Notes

What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will recall and apply previously learned mathematical concepts and principles in
performing the sum and product of roots. To be able to answer the following activities, you will need to
understand the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a quadratic equation. If you have some
difficulties along the way, you may seek help from your teacher and refer your answers to them

I. CONCEPT NOTE

We will now discuss on how the sum and product of roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 can
be determined using the coefficients a, b, and c.

We have seen that the b2 – 4ac is the radicand of the quadratic formula, called the discriminant, can tell
us the type of roots of a quadratic equation. The quadratic formula can also give us information about the
relationship between the roots and the coefficient of the second term and the constant of the equation itself.
Consider the following:

Given a quadratic equation: ax2 + bx + c = 0. By the quadratic formulas, the two roots can be
represented as

2
-b + √b2 – 4ac -b – √b – 4ac
r1 = and r2 =
2a 2a

Example 1: Find the sum and product of roots of the quadratic equation x2 - 5x + 6 = 0.

Solutions: Given the equation x2 - 5x + 6 = 0, we get a = 1, b = -5 and c = 6.

 -b -b -(-5)
Sum of the roots = ⟶ = =5
a a 1

c c 6
Product of the roots = ⟶ = =6
a a 1

The roots of the equation x2 - 5x + 6 = 0 are 3 and 2 (using factoring or any method). To check, find the
sum and product of these roots.

Let r1 = 3 and r2 = 2
r1 + r2 = 3 + 2 = 5
r1 ● r2 = (3)(2) = 6
Therefore, the sum and product of roots of x2 - 5x + 6 = 0 are 5 and 6, respectively.

Example 2: Given the values a = 1, b = 4, and c = -21. What is the quadratic equation? Solve for the sum and
product of roots.

Since a = 1, b = 4, and c = -21 thus the equation is x2 + 4x - 21 = 0.

-b -4 - (4 )
Sum of the roots = ⟶ = = -4
a a 1

c c -21
Product of the roots = ⟶ = = -21
a a 1
By inspection, the two numbers that give a sum of -4 and a product of -21 are -7 and 3.

Let r1 = -7 and r2 = 3
r1 + r2 = -7 + 3 = -4
r1 ● r2 = (-7)(3) = -21

Therefore, the quadratic equation is x2 + 4x - 21 = 0 and its sum and product of roots of are -4 and -21,
respectively.

II. LEARNING EXPERIENCE

A. Checking for Understanding:

Direction: Using the values of a, b, and c of each of the following quadratic equation solve
for the sum and product of roots. Check your answer by using the roots of the quadratic
equation. Then answer the question below

Quadratic Product of the

Sum of the Roots Roots
Equation Roots

x2 + 3x - 10 = 0

x2 - 4x - 21 = 0

x2 - 6x - 7 = 0

2
-2x - 8x + 10 = 0

6x2 - 7x + 2 = 0