LABORATORY REPORT NO.

I. THERMOCHEMISTRY (BY OLABS)

(A) Determination of Water Equivalent of Calorimeter

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the water equivalent of calorimeter that can be used to determine the enthalpy
of dissolution of salt.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

 Calorimeter
 Wooden box with lid
 Stirrer
 Thermometer
 Distilled water
 Cotton
 250 ml beakers
 Hot plate
 Measuring jar

REAL LAB PROCEDURE:

 Using a measuring jar, take 50 ml of distilled water in the calorimeter.

 Using a thermometer, measure the temperature of water in the calorimeter. Let it be
t1 °C.
 Place the calorimeter in the wooden box and fill cotton in the space between the
calorimeter and the wooden box to avoid heat loss.
 Now insert a stirrer in the calorimeter.
 Using the measuring jar, pour 50 ml of distilled water in a beaker.
 Heat water in the beaker to a temperature 10-20 °C (~47 °C) higher than that of room
temperature.
 Stop heating and note the temperature of this warm water. Let it be t2 °C.
 Add the warm water into the calorimeter without any loss of time.
 Immediately close the wooden box.
 Quickly insert the thermometer into the calorimeter.
 Now, stir the water using the stirrer and note the thermometer reading.
  Continue stirring until the temperature becomes constant. Let it be t3 °C.

OBSERVATIONS:

1. Upon measuring it is found that the temperature of the hot water is 47°C and the cold water
measures 27°C.
2. The mass of water taken in the calorimeter is 50g for both hot and cold water while
assuming the specific density is 1.

CALCULATIONS:

𝒎𝟏 (𝒕𝟐 − 𝒕𝟑 )
𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 (𝑾) = − 𝒎𝟐
(𝒕𝟑 − 𝒕𝟏 )

𝟓𝟎 𝒈 (𝟒𝟕°𝑪−𝟑𝟔°𝑪)
𝑾= − 𝟓𝟎𝒈
(𝟑𝟔°𝑪−𝟐𝟕°𝑪)

𝑾 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝒈

(B) Determination of Enthalpy of Dissolution of Salt in Water at Room Temperature

OBJECTIVES:

To determine or calculate the enthalpy of dissolution of salt in water at room temperature

with the help of the value of water equivalent of calorimeter.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

 Calorimeter
 Wooden box with lid
 Stirrer
 Thermometer
 Distilled water
 Cotton
 Measuring jar
 Sample
 Ammonium chloride

REAL LAB PROCEDURE:

 Using the measuring jar, take 50 ml of distilled water in the calorimeter.

 Note the temperature of water using the thermometer. Let it be t1 °C.
 Place the calorimeter in the wooden box and fill cotton in the space between the calorimeter
and the wooden box to avoid heat loss.
  Insert a stirrer in the calorimeter.
 Add 5 g of ammonium chloride into the calorimeter.
 Immediately close the wooden box.
 Quickly insert the thermometer into the calorimeter.
 Now stir the water using the stirrer and note the thermometer reading.
 Continue stirring until the temperature becomes constant. Let it be t2 °C.
 At this temperature, the substance just dissolves.

OBSERVATIONS:

1. The weight of the sample which is Ammonium Chloride that will be dissolve together with
the water in the calorimeter is 4.5g.
2. The mass of the water that will be taken in the calorimeter is 50 g which initially has a
temperature of 27°C.
3. The final temperature of the water when mixed with Ammonium Chloride in the
calorimeter is drops to 22°C.

CALCULATIONS:

𝑱
(𝑾 + 𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓) × (𝒕𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐 ) × (𝟒. 𝟐 𝒈 · 𝑪)(𝑴)
𝑬𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒑𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 =
𝒘
𝑱 𝒈
(𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏 𝒈 + 𝟓𝟎 𝒈) × (𝟐𝟕°𝑪 − 𝟐𝟐°𝑪) × (𝟒. 𝟐 )(𝟓𝟑. 𝟒𝟗 )
𝒈·𝑪 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑬𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒑𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 =
𝟓𝒈

𝑱
𝑬𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒑𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟏𝟑𝟕𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟓
𝒎𝒐𝒍

𝒌𝑱
𝑬𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒑𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟕𝟑
𝒎𝒐𝒍