Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Proportions
Proportions
12/04/18
12/04/18
In examples 7 to 9, state whether the statements are true (T) or false (F):
Example 7 : When two quantities x and y are in inverse proportion,
x
then is a constant.
y
Solution : False.
Example 8 : If the cost of 10 pencils is Rs 90, then the cost of 19
pencils is Rs 171.
Solution : True.
Example 9 : If 5 persons can finish a job in 10 days then one person
will finish it in 2 days.
Solution : False.
Example 10 : In a scout camp, there is food provision for 300 cadets
for 42 days. If 50 more persons join the camp, for how
many days will the provision last?
Solution : More the persons, the sooner would be the provision
exhausted. So, this is a case of inverse proportion.
Let the required number of days be x.
Hence, 300 × 42 = (300 + 50) × x
300 × 42 = 350 × x
300 42
x
350
x = 36
12/04/18
12/04/18
Example 13:
Lemons were bought at Rs 60 a dozen and sold at the
rate of Rs 40 per 10. Find the gain or loss per cent.
Plan a Strategy
Solve
• Let number of men required to finish the job in 10 days be x
12/04/18
30 × 17
x= = 51
10
51 men will be required.
Extra number of men required = 51 – 30 = 21 men.
Revise
• Verify your answer by adopting some other method e.g. Here
instead of using variation we can use unitary method.
e.g. No. of days No. of men
17 30
1 ?
10 x
No. of men required to complete the job in 17 days = 30
No. of men required to complete the job in 1 day = 30 × 17
No. of men required to complete the job in 10 days =
30 × 17
= 51
10
No. of extra men required = 51 – 30 = 21 men.
Hence verified.
12/04/18
In questions 1 to 16, there are four options out of which one is correct.
Write the correct answer.
1. Both u and v vary directly with each other. When u is 10, v is 15,
which of the following is not a possible pair of corresponding values of
u and v?
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 8 and 12 (c) 15 and 20 (d) 25 and 37.5
2. Both x and y vary inversely with each other. When x is 10, y is 6,
which of the following is not a possible pair of corresponding values of
x and y?
(a) 12 and 5 (b) 15 and 4 (c) 25 and 2.4 (d) 45 and 1.3
3. Assuming land to be uniformly fertile, the area of land and the yield
on it vary
(a) directly with each other.
(b) inversely with each other.
(c) neither directly nor inversely with each other.
(d) sometimes directly and sometimes inversely with each other.
4. The number of teeth and the age of a person vary
(a) directly with each other.
(b) inversely with each other.
(c) neither directly nor inversely with each other.
(d) sometimes directly and sometimes inversely with each other.
12/04/18
(a) x 0.5 2 8 32
y 2 8 32 128
(b) p 12 22 32 42
q 13 23 33 43
(c) r 2 5 10 25 50
s 25 10 5 2 0.5
(d) u 2 4 6 9 12
v 18 9 6 4 3
12/04/18
12/04/18
16. Both x and y vary directly with each other and when x is 10, y is 14,
which of the following is not a possible pair of corresponding values
of x and y?
(a) 25 and 35 (b) 35 and 25 (c) 35 and 49 (d) 15 and 21
12/04/18
x 12 6
y 48 –
28. When the speed remains constant, the distance travelled is ______
proportional to the time.
a
29. On increasing a, b increases in such a manner that remains______
b
and positive, then a and b are said to vary directly with each other.
30. If on increasing a, b decreases in such a manner that _______ remains
______ and positive, then a and b are said to vary inversely with each
other.
31. If two quantities x and y vary directly with each other, then ______ of
their corresponding values remains constant.
32. If two quantities p and q vary inversely with each other then ______
of their corresponding values remains constant.
33. The perimeter of a circle and its diameter vary _______ with each
other.
34. A car is travelling 48 km in one hour. The distance travelled by the
car in 12 minutes is _________.
35. An auto rickshaw takes 3 hours to cover a distance of 36 km. If its
speed is increased by 4 km/h, the time taken by it to cover the same
distance is __________.
36. If the thickness of a pile of 12 cardboard sheets is 45 mm, then the
thickness of a pile of 240 sheets is _______ cm.
37. If x varies inversely as y and x = 4 when y = 6, then when x = 3 the
value of y is _______.
a1 a2
38. In direct proportion, b _______ b
1 2
12/04/18
a2 b2
39. In case of inverse proportion, =
− −
40. If the area occupied by 15 postal stamps is 60 cm2, then the area
occupied by 120 such postal stamps will be _______.
41. If 45 persons can complete a work in 20 days, then the time taken
by 75 persons will be ______ hours.
42. Devangi travels 50 m distance in 75 steps, then the distance travelled
in 375 steps is _______ km.
In questions from 43 to 59, state whether the statements are true (T)
or false (F).
43. Two quantities x and y are said to vary directly with each other if for
some rational number k, xy = k.
44. When the speed is kept fixed, time and distance vary inversely with
each other.
45. When the distance is kept fixed, speed and time vary directly with
each other.
46. Length of a side of a square and its area vary directly with each
other.
47. Length of a side of an equilateral triangle and its perimeter vary
inversely with each other.
Plan a strategy
12/04/18
48. If d varies directly as t2, then we can write dt2 = k, where k is some
constant.
49. If a tree 24 m high casts a shadow of 15 m, then the height of a pole
that casts a shadow of 6 m under similar conditions is 9.6 m.
50. If x and y are in direct proportion, then (x – 1) and (y – 1) are also in
direct proportion.
51. If x and y are in inverse proportion, then (x + 1) and (y + 1) are also
in inverse proportion.
52. If p and q are in inverse variation then (p + 2) and (q – 2) are also in
inverse proportion.
53. If one angle of a triangle is kept fixed then the measure of the
remaining two angles vary inversely with each other.
54. When two quantities are related in such a manner that, if one
increases, the other also increases, then they always vary directly.
55. When two quantities are related in such a manner that if one
increases and the other decreases, then they always vary inversely.
56. If x varies inversely as y and when x = 6, y = 8, then for x = 8 the
value of y is 10.
57. The number of workers and the time to complete a job is a case of
direct proportion.
58. For fixed time period and rate of interest, the simple interest is directly
proportional to the principal.
59. The area of cultivated land and the crop harvested is a case of direct
proportion.
In questions 60 to 62, which of the following vary directly and which
vary inversely with each other and which are neither of the two?
60. (i) The time taken by a train to cover a fixed distance and the speed
of the train.
(ii) The distance travelled by CNG bus and the amount of CNG
used.
(iii) The number of people working and the time to complete a given
work.
12/04/18
2
65. l varies directly as m and l is equal to 5, when m = . Find l when
3
16
m= .
3
66. If x varies inversely as y and y = 60 when x = 1.5. Find x. when
y = 4.5.
67. In a camp, there is enough flour for 300 persons for 42 days. How
long will the flour last if 20 more persons join the camp?
68. A contractor undertook a contract to complete a part of a stadium in
9 months with a team of 560 persons. Later on, it was required to
complete the job in 5 months. How many extra persons should he
employ to complete the work?
69. Sobi types 108 words in 6 minutes. How many words would she
type in half an hour?
12/04/18
(i) x 3 6 15 20 30
y 12 24 45 60 120
(ii) x 4 7 10 16
y 24 42 60 96
(iii) x 1 4 9 20
y 1.5 6 13.5 30
12/04/18
78. If a and b vary inversely to each other, then find the values of p, q, r ;
x, y, z and l, m, n.
(i) a 6 8 q 25
b 18 p 39 r
(ii) a 2 y 6 10
b x 12.5 15 z
(iii) a l 9 n 6
b 5 m 25 10
79. If 25 metres of cloth costs Rs 337.50, then
(i) What will be the cost of 40 metres of the same type of cloth?
(ii) What will be the length of the cloth bought for Rs 810?
80. A swimming pool can be filled in 4 hours by 8 pumps of the same
type. How many such pumps are required if the pool is to be filled in
2
2 hours?
3
81. The cost of 27 kg of iron is Rs 1,080, what will be the cost of 120 kg
of iron of the same quality?
82. At a particular time, the length of the shadow of Qutub Minar whose
height is 72 m is 80 m. What will be the height of an electric pole,
the length of whose shadow at the same time is 1000 cm?
83. In a hostel of 50 girls, there are food provisions for 40 days. If 30
more girls join the hostel, how long will these provisions last?
84. Campus and Welfare Committee of school is planning to develop a
blue shade for painting the entire school building. For this purpose
various shades are tried by mixing containers of blue paint and
white paint. In each of the following mixtures, decide which is a
lighter shade of blue and also find the lightest blue shade among all
of them.
12/04/18
If one container has one litre paint and the building requires 105
litres for painting, how many container of each type is required to
paint the building by darkest blue shade?
85. Posing a question
Work with a partner to write at least five ratio statements about this
quilt, which has white, blue, and purple squares.
12/04/18
87. 44 cows can graze a field in 9 days. How many less/more cows will
graze the same field in 12 days?
88. 30 persons can reap a field in 17 days. How many more persons
should be engaged to reap the same field in 10 days?
89. Shabnam takes 20 minutes to reach her school if she goes at a
speed of 6 km/h. If she wants to reach school in 24 minutes, what
should be her speed?
90. Ravi starts for his school at 8:20 a.m. on his bicycle. If he travels at
a speed of 10km/h, then he reaches his school late by 8 minutes
but on travelling at 16 km/h he reaches the school 10 minutes
early. At what time does the school start?
91. Match each of the entries in Column I with the appropriate entry
in Column II
Column I Column II
x
1. x and y vary inversely to each other A. = Constant
y
2. Mathematical representation of inverse B. y will increase in proportion
variation of quantities p and q
3. Mathematical representation of C. xy = Constant
direct variation of quantities
m and n
1
4. When x = 5, y = 2.5 and when D. p ∝
q
y = 5, x = 10
5. When x = 10 , y = 5 and when E. y will decrease in proportion
x = 20, y = 2.5
6. x and y vary directly with each other F. x and y are directly proportional
7. If x and y vary inversely then on G. m α n
decreasing x
8. If x and y vary directly then on H. x and y vary inversely
decreasing x
I. p αq
J. m α 1
n
92. There are 20 grams of protein in 75 grams of sauted fish. How many
grams of protein is in 225 gm of that fish?
93. Ms. Anita has to drive from Jhareda to Ganwari. She measures a
distance of 3.5 cm between these villages on the map. What is the
actual distance between the villages if the map scale is 1 cm = 10 km?
12/04/18
94. A water tank casts a shadow 21 m long. A tree of height 9.5 m casts
a shadow 8 m long at the same time. The lengths of the shadows are
directly proprotional to their heights. Find the height of the tank.
95. The table shows the time four elevators take to travel various
distances. Find which elevator is fastest and which is slowest.
Distance (m) Time (sec.)
Elevator- A 435 29
Elevator- B 448 28
Elevator- C 130 10
Elevator- D 85 5
How much distance will be travelled by elevators B and C seperately
in 140 sec? Who travelled more and by how much?
96. A volleyball court is in a rectangular shape and its dimensions are
directly proportional to the dimensions of the swimming pool given
below. Find the width of the pool.
12/04/18
97. A recipe for a particular type of muffins requires 1 cup of milk and
1.5 cups of chocolates. Riya has 7.5 cups of chocolates. If she is
using the recipe as a guide, how many cups of milk will she need to
prepare muffins?
99. A bowler throws a cricket ball at a speed of 120 km/h. How long
does this ball take to travel a distance of 20 metres to reach the
batsman?
100. The variable x is inversely proportional to y. If x increases by p%,
then by what per cent will y decrease?
101. Here is a key board of a harmonium:
(a) Find the ratio of white keys to black keys on the keyboard.
12/04/18
(b) What is the ratio of black keys to all keys on the given keyboard.
(c) This pattern of keys is repeated on larger keyboard. How many
black keys would you expect to find on a keyboard with 14 such
patterns.
102. The following table shows the distance travelled by one of the new
eco-friendly energy-efficient cars travelled on gas.
Litres of gas 1 0.5 2 2.5 3 5
Distance (km) 15 7.5 30 37.5 45 75
Which type of properties are indicated by the table? How much
distance will be covered by the car in 8 litres of gas?
103. Kritika is following this recipe for bread. She realises her sister used
1
most of sugar syrup for her breakfast. Kritika has only cup of
6
syrup, so she decides to make a small size of bread. How much of
each ingredient shall she use?
Bread recipe
1 cup quick cooking oats
2 cups bread flour
1
cup sugar syrup
3
1 tablespoon cooking oil
1
1 cups water
3
3 tablespoons yeast
1 teaspoon salt.
104. Many schools have a recommended students-teacher ratio as 35:1.
Next year, school expects an increase in enrolment by 280 students.
How many new teachers will they have to appoint to maintain the
students-teacher ratio?
105. Kusum always forgets how to convert miles to kilometres and back
again. However she remembers that her car’s speedometer shows
both miles and kilometres. She knows that travelling 50 miles per
hour is same as travelling 80 kilometres per hour. To cover a distance
of 200 km, how many miles Kusum would have to go?
12/04/18
106. The students of Anju’s class sold posters to raise money. Anju wanted
to create a ratio for finding the amount of money her class would
make for different numbers of posters sold. She knew they could
raise Rs 250 for every 60 posters sold.
(a) How much money would Anju’s class make for selling 102
posters?
(b) Could Anju’s class raise exactly Rs 2,000? If so, how many
posters would they need to sell? If not, why?
Distance Travelled
1. Speed = Time Taken
2. Figures that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size
are called similar figures. We can make rectangles with similar figures
by increasing or decreasing its dimensions in the same ratio. Let us
make similar figures using square tiles.
What is the length of a similar rectangle where width is made up of
12 tiles? Let us consider a rectangle having 10 square tiles along
the length and 4 along the breadth as shown in the figure.
12/04/18
10 10
4 4
4
Use tiles to make a 10 × 4
rectangles.
12/04/18
4 12
=
10 30
2 2
or, =
5 5
Do yourself
Use square tiles to make similar rectangles with given dimensions
and find x.
(a) The original rectangle is 8 tiles wide and 6 tiles long. The similar
rectangle is 16 tiles wide and x tiles long.
(b) The original rectangle is 3 tiles wide and 7 tiles long.
The similar rectangle is 9 tiles wide and x tiles long.
3 Inverse Variation
Take four cylindrical containers of the same size each of radius 5
cm. Fill the containers with different types of liquids with same mass
(different density) like Mercury, Water, Alcohol, Oil.
Note the height in each case at which the level of liquid stands.
Tabulate this information in the following table and show that
this is case of inverse proportion.
12/04/18
Height (cm) H1 H2 H3 H4
4. Crossword
Across
1. Two things are said to be varying __________ if they increase
(decrease) together such that ratio of their corresponding values
remains constant.
4. Problems based on direct proportion can be solved using __________
method.
5. More the number of workers, ___________ the number of days to
finish a job.
7. Indirect ___________.
9. Two quantities are said to be in inverse proportion if an increase in
one quantity causes a proportional ___________ in other.
Down
2. Speed and time are in ____________ proportion to each other if
distance remains the same.
3. It is used to compare two ratios or make __________ fractions.
6. ‘k’ is called _________ of variation.
7. In inverse proportion, ___________ of corresponding values remains
constant.
8. With an increase in quantity of milk, cost of milk also ___________.
12/04/18
MATHEMATICS
12/04/18
UNIT-10
Rough Work
12/04/18
MATHEMATICS
Rough Work
12/04/18