CHINA AND

AFGHANISTAN
COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC
PLANNING
1. China is called “Land of the
Dragon”, why?

2. Is it true that Afghanistan was the

“graveyard of empires”? Explain.
 China and
Afghanistan

Comparative
Economic
Planning
 CHINA
“LAND OF THE RED
DRAGON ”
Second World Country China was the richest developing country on Earth in
Richest developing country 2019, with a total GDP of $14,279.94 billion.
 “LAND OF THE RED DRAGON”
 The DRAGON is a mythical
creature that has long been the most
important symbol of power in
China. While in the West dragons
are depicted as evil, in China they
are seen friendly and the bringers of
good luck.
 China being a communist country,
but it also stems from the fact that
RED has always been the traditional
colour associated with the Chinese
emperor.
 National Emblem
(PRC)
 The National Emblem of China includes Tiananmen
Gate, where Mao declared the foundation of People's
Republic of China, in a red circle.
 five stars; the largest represents the CPC, while the
four smaller stars represent the four social classes
 emblem's outer border contains sheaves of wheat and
rice, representing Chinese agricultural workers.
 bottom center is a cog-wheel, representing Chinese
industrial workers
 red ribbon represents the unification of the Chinese
people.
 Founder of the nation
 Mao Zedong (1893–1976) established
the PRC on October 1, 1949, which
remains a national holiday.
 National
currency
 The renminbi is the
official currency of the
People's Republic of
China. The yuan is its
basic unit.
PANDA Red-crowned crane

Golden pheasant DRAGON

NATIONAL ANIMAL
 National fruit
 The fuzzy kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is
the national fruit of China. It has fuzzy,
dull brown skin and tangy, bright green
flesh.
 The jujube (Ziziphus zizyphus) is the
second national fruit of China. It is an oval
drupe 1.5-3 centimeters deep; it resembles
a date and has a single hard stone like an
olive.

jujube kiwifruit
National tree
The Ginkgo is the Official National
Tree of China. It is a symbol of
hope and peace in Chinese
Traditions.
Demographic
 Population................................................................... 1,397,897,720 ( July 2021 est.)
 Population growth rate ............................................................. 0.26% (2021 est.)
 Birth rate..................................................... 11.3 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)
 Death rate................................................ 8.26 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)
 Net migration rate............................... -0.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Education in China
LITERACY RATE
HEALTHCARE
SYSTEM
 Under the "Healthy China 2020" initiative, China has
undertaken an effort to cut healthcare costs, requiring
insurance to cover 70% of costs by the end of 2018.
 All major cities have hospitals specializing in different
fields, and are equipped with some modern facilities.
 Dental care, cosmetic surgery, and other health-related
services at Western standards are widely available in
urban areas, though costs vary.
 With inconsistent standards between rural areas and the
big cities, the health care system in China has been
rated as 144th in the world by the World Health
Organization.
MIGRATION
 The current net migration rate for China
in 2021 is -0.252 per 1000 population, a
1.2% increase from 2020. The net
migration rate for China in 2020 was -
0.249 per 1000 population, a 0.81%
increase from 2019. The net migration
rate for China in 2019 was -0.247 per 1000
population, a 0.82% increase from 2018.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_sV5P_F3frY
AFGHANISTAN
(“Graveyard of Empires”)

Third World Country insecurity, poverty, endemic corruption and weak governance are
Least developed country the main reasons for hampering development in Afghanistan.
 Islamic State of This flag was used by President
Rabbani along with the national flag

Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban

government. Same as the 1992 flag,
November 13, 2001 – January 27, 2002 but with Pashto and Dari texts.

Transitional After the fall of the Taliban, the

traditional black, red and green

Administration colors were restored and in a vertical

January 28, 2002 – June 27, 2002
pattern, just as the ones flown from
1928 to 1974. The center emblem is
the classical emblem of Afghanistan
– it is the same version as used in the
1992 flag, but with the swords
removed.

Transitional Afghanistan officially changed its

Administration
June 27, 2002 – October 9, 2004
national flag from a white coat of
arms in the center of the flag to a
gold coat of arms which symbolizes
the colour of a wheat wreath.
Islamic Republic of Similar to the previous flag, but a
different ratio and a slightly moderated

Afghanistan emblem. " "‫دا افغانستان اسالمی دولت‬Islamic

State of Afghanistan has been replaced
October 9, 2004 – August 19, 2013 with simply " "‫افغانستان‬Afghanistan.

Islamic Republic of This flag incorporates the tweaked

national emblem with a larger ribbon

Afghanistan and which overlaps into the black and

August 19, 2013 – August 15, 2021;
August 15, 2021
green bars instead of being completely
contained in the red bar. It continues to
be used while in government in exile by
the National Resistance Front of
Afghanistan.

Islamic Emirate In 2021, the Taliban re-introduced the

of Afghanistan
August 15, 2021 – present
Shahada on a white flag in a 1:2 ratio,
and a different typeface used. Flag
variant with the name of the "Islamic
Emirate of Afghanistan" in Pashto, in
script below the Shahada.
Demographic
 Population...................................................... 37,466,414 ( July 2021 est.)
 Population growth rate ............................................. 2.34% (2021 est.)
 Birth rate............................... 36.08 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)
 Death rate............................... 12.57 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)
NATIONAL
EMBLEM
 The emblem of Afghanistan has the inscription of
the shahada in Arabic at the top.
 Below it is the image of a mosque with a mihrab
and minbar, or pulpit, within. Attached to the
mosque are two flags, taken to stand for flags of
Afghanistan.
 Beneath the mosque is an inscription that states the
name of the nation.
 Around the mosque are sheaves of wheat, and
underneath that, the Hijri year 1298 (1919 in the
Gregorian calendar), the year Afghanistan gained
independence from the British influence.
Father of the
Nation
 Ahmad Shah Durrani
 Founder of the Durrani Empire in
1747, the precursor of modern-day
Afghanistan.
 National Motto

National animal National Tree

SNOW LEPARD “There is
AFGHAN PINE
National flower no god but
TULIP Allah;
Muhammad
is the
messenger
of God.
(the
shahada)”
National Fruit
POMEGRENATE National Dog
AFGAN HOUND

National Instrument
RUBAB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_symbols_of_Afghanistan
National Currency
 The Afghan afghani (AFN) is the
national currency of Afghanistan. The
AFN emerged as a result of
modernizing reforms that took place in
2002 to standardize the currency in the
country.
Health system is financed from
a combination of sources and
through a combination of
financing mechanisms. The
basic financing alternatives are:
• Public financing,
• External sources,
• Private and community
financing
https://www.usaid.gov/afghanistan/health
https://www.scholaro.com/pro/Countries/Afghanistan/Education-System https://www.usaid.gov/afghanistan/education

Energy
• In 2017, installed a first-of-its
kind solar power plant in
Kandahar that is saving 1.4
million gallons, or 5.3 million
liters, of fuel per year and
provides 75,000 people with
clean power.
Infrastructure
Development
Infrastructure is the lifeblood of
families, communities, districts, and
provinces. For nearly 20 years, USAID
has partnered with the Government
of Afghanistan to maintain existing
infrastructure, expand access to
electricity and potable water, and
increase private sector investment so
that all Afghans—rural and urban—
are connected to infrastructure’s
immense benefits.
Roads
Water
• built and improved more
• provide clean drinking water to more than
than 2,000 kilometers of
650,000 Afghans and has helped improve access
roads, linking
to basic sanitation services to more than 1.2
Afghanistan’s five most
million Afghans across 17 provinces.
populous provinces and
facilitating travel and
commerce.
https://www.usaid.gov/afghanistan/infrastructure
POLITICAL STRUCTURE
• The government of Afghanistan is currently disputed
following the effective collapse of the Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan during the fall of Kabul to Taliban forces on
15 August 2021 and the subsequent re-establishment of
the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan which now exercises
de facto control over most of the country.
• On 7 September 2021 the Taliban officials in de facto
control of most of Afghanistan announced a new interim
government headed by Mullah Mohammad Hassan
Akhund as Prime Minister.
• The government is subject to the oversight of the
Taliban's Supreme Leader, Haibatullah Akhundzada.
• As of 8 September 2021, the Islamic Emirate of
Afghanistan has not yet been formally recognized as the
de jure government of Afghanistan by any other country.
https://time.com/6096377/mullah-akhund-taliban-prime-minister/
https://slideplayer.com/slide/15837515/
 review decisions of lower courts,
INTERMEDIATE COURT
JUDICIAL OF APPEALS
before appeals are sent to the
Supreme Court.
BRANCH

Criminal, Civil,
COURT OF FIRST Religious,
INSTANCE Administrative,
SUPREME COURT Labor, and Family
divisions

LOWER COURT lowest

MAGISTRATE COURT level,
which tries
minor civil
and
criminal
cases.
MIGRATION
THANK YOU!
 REFERENCES:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_symbols_of_China

https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R41007.html
https://www.slideshare.net/NajibullahSafi/afghanistan-health-care-system

https://www.slideshare.net/AyatullahKhan3/understanding-chinas-political-system-76008228
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migration_in_China#Migration_from_neighboring_countries
http://english.www.gov.cn/policies/infographics/2015/04/13/content_281475088090112.htm

https://www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/china
https://www.iom.int/countries/china
https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/destination-china-country-adjusts-its-new-migration-reality