HISTOLOGY OF THE HUMAN

BODY
Thareq Barasabha
CELL DIFFERENTIATION

 Totipotent stem cell

 Pluripotent stem cells
 Multipotent stem cells
 Oligopotent cells
 Unipotent cells

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

TISSUE MEMBRANES

 Mucous membranes
 Serous membranes
 Synovial membranes
 Cutaneous membranes
HISTOLOGY OF THE HEART

 Cardiac muscles
 Smaller than skeletal muscles
 More T tubules than skeletal muscles
 Mitochondria are plentiful
 Few calcium stored in sarcoplasmic reticulum
 Have intercalated discs
 Pericardium
 Purkinje fibers

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

HISTOLOGY OF THE BLOOD VESSELS

 Artery
 Lumen looks round
 Vasa vasorum in tunica externa
 Tunica media is thicker
(except in large arteries)
 Vein
 Lumen looks flat
 Contains valves
 Vasa vasorum in tunica media
 Tunica externa is thicker
 Capillary Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.
 Endothelial + basement membrane
 BLOOD VESSELS

 Tunica intima / interna

 Endothelial line + basement membrane + connective tissue
 Valves (in vein)
 Internal elastic membrane (in arteries)
 Looks wavy in arteries, looks smooth in veins
 Tunica media
 Smooth muscles + connective tissues
 External elastic membrane (in large arteries)
 Tunica externa / adventitita
 Blend with surrounding connective tissue
 Vasa vasorum & nervi vasorum
 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.
HISTOLOGY OF THE BLOOD CELLS

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

HISTOLOGY OF IMMUNE SYSTEM

 Lymph vessels
 Lymph nodes
 Tonsils
 Thymus
 Spleen
LYMPH CAPILLARY

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

LYMPH NODE

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

TONSILS

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

THYMUS

 Sumber gambar: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

SPLEEN
• pulp

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

 HISTOLOGY OF THE SKIN

 Epidermis
 Thick skin made by five layers:
 Stratum Basale
 Stratum Spinosum
 Stratum Granulosum
 Stratum Lucidum
 Stratum Corneum
 Thin skin does not have stratum lucidum
 Cells in all layers except stratum basale
called keratinocytes
 Does not have blood vessel
 Dermis
 Papillary layer
 Reticular layer

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

HISTOLOGY OF THE MUSCLES

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology..

MUSCLE FIBER

• Sarcolemma  membrane of
muscle fiber
• Sarcoplasm  same like cytoplasm
• Sarcoplasmic reticulum  same like
endoplasmic reticulum
• Sarcomere
• Thin filament  actin
• Thick filament  myosin
• Proteins (troponin &
tropomyosin)
• Mitochondria

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology..

HISTOLOGY OF THE BONE

 Hidroxyapatite
Crystals
 Calcium phosphate
 Calcium carbonate
 Magnesium
hydroxide
 Fluoride
 Sulfate
 Osteoblasts
 Osteocytes
 Osteogenic cells
 Osteoclasts
 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology. & Openstax College. Biology.
HISTOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

 Nerve cell (neuron)

 Unipolar
 Bipolar
 Multipolar
 Glial cells
 In central nervous system:
 Astrocyte
 Oligodendrocyte
 Microglia
 Ependymal cell
 In peripheral nervous
system:
 Satellite cell
 Schwann cell
 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.
HISTOLOGY OF THYROID & PARATHYROID
GLANDS

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

HISTOLOGY OF ADRENAL GLAND

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

HISTOLOGY OF ISLET OF PANCREAS

 Alpha cell
 20% of islet cells
 Produce glucagon
 Beta cell
 75% of islet cells
 Produce insulin
 Delta cell
 4% of islet cells
 Produce somatostatin
 PP cell
 1% of islet cells
 Secrete pancreactic polypeptide hormone
 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.
HISTOLOGY OFTESTIS

 Sertoli cells
 Leydig cells
 Germ cells
 Spermatogonium (2n)
 Primary spermatocyte (2n)
 Secondary spermatocyte (n)
 Spermatid (n)
 Spermatozoa (n)

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

HISTOLOGY OF PENIS

 Corpora cavernosa
 Corpus spongiosum
 Urethra

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

HISTOLOGY OF FOLLICLES IN OVARIUM

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

HISTOLOGY OF UTERUS

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

HISTOLOGY OF THE NEPHRON

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

HISTOLOGY OF THE NOSE & TRACHEA

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

HISTOLOGY OF THE LUNG

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

HISTOLOGY OF THE GASTER

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

HISTOLOGY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

 Circular fold (plica circulare)

 Villi
 Microvilli

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.

HISTOLOGY OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

 Picture source: Openstax College. Anatomy & Physiology.