Name: ______________________________ Year & Section: ________________

Address: ____________________________ Parent/Guardian: _______________

Cellphone number: ____________________ Parent cp #: ___________________

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Note: Dito na mismo sa module isulat and inyong mga sagot.

Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Schools Division of Pangasinan II
Binalonan, Pangasinan

MATHEMATICS 7

QUARTER 1- MODULE 1
WEEK 1
WELL –DEFINED SETS, SUBSETS,
UNIVERSAL SETS, NULL SETS,
CARDINALITY OF SETS, UNION
AND INTERSECTION OF SETS AND
DIFFERENCE OF SETS

Prepared by:

ESPERANZA JUDITH C. PANEM

Teacher III
San Nicolas National High School
San Nicolas, Pangasinan
 Mathematics 7
Well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets, null set, cardinality of sets, union and intersection
of sets and difference of two sets

What you will learn

1. Describe well defined sets and subsets

2. Illustrate union and intersection of sets

What you need to know

In this module, you will learn that set is a Classification Tool. You use ideas of set in everyday
life as you look for similarities and differences within the objects you see. Whether you realize it or
not, you are classifying objects many times each day.

Ready get SET ...go!

A set is a group or collection of objects of any kind. The objects in a set may refer to numbers, letters,
people, places or anything that share a common characteristic, called elements of a set. These
elements are anything that belongs to a set and are written individually, separated by commas, and
enclosed within a pair of braces { }. A set may be named using capital letters while the small letters
are used to represent the element of a set.

A. Write at least four elements for each set

1. A = {Towns in Pangasinan} _______________________________________________
2. B= {Letters in the word mathematics} (no repetition) _________________________
3. C= {Philippine Presidents}_______________________________________________

A set is a well-defined set if its elements are listed specifically like letters of the English Alphabet.
However, if we would like to know the collection of beautiful women in Pangasinan, it would be difficult
to determine because each person has their own opinion about who is beautiful. Therefore, it is not a
well-defined set.

B. Tell whether each of the following statement is a well-defined set or not well-defined
set.

______1. The collection of even numbers.

______2. The collection of popular artists in the world.

______3. The collection of senators in the Philippines in current year.

______4. The collection of talented students.

Consider this example: A = {0, 1, 2, 3}

If 2 is an element of A, then it may be written as “2 ∈ A”, “0 ∈ A”. Likewise, any object which is not an
element of A, such as 4, may be written as “4 ∉ A”.

C. Fill in the blank with ∈ or ∉.

Set A= {Odd numbers between 11 and 20}
1. 11 _____ A
2. 20 _____A
3. 7 ______A
4. 12 _____A
The universal set, denoted by the symbol U, contains all elements being considered in a given
situation. The elements of a set may also be elements of a greater set. For example, if A= {a, e, i} and
B = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i} then the elements of A are also elements of B. We say, “A is a subset of B.
It may be written as “A ⊂ B”, or “A ⊂ B”, in this ease, B is the superset of A, written as “B ⊃ A”. A set
with no member is called an empty or null set. It is denoted by the symbol { } or the Danish letter Ø.
Empty set is a subset of all sets.

D. Classify each statement as True or False. Let M = {a, b, m, n}

_____1. a ⊂ M
_____2. { } ⊂ M
_____3. {m, n} ⊃ M
_____4. {a, b, m, n} ⊂ M

The number of elements in a set is called a cardinal number of set. If A= {red, yellow, blue}, then the
cardinal number is 3, written as n(A) = 3. Thus, the cardinality of set A is 3.

E. Fill in the blanks with cardinality of sets

_____1. A= {a, b, c}
_____2. B= {2, 4, 6, 8}
_____3. C= { }
_____4. D= {vowels of the English alphabet}

Union of Sets

Consider A= {1, 2, 3} and B= {2, 3, 4}. If the elements of the two sets are combined,
then the resulting set is {1, 2, 3, 4}. When the sets are combined, these common elements
are written just once because the elements in a set are distinct. The combined elements of
two sets form another set called the union of A and B, written as “A ∪ B”.

F. If A= {a, b, c}, B= {a, d, e}, C= {b, d, f}, find:

1. A ∪ B= ________
2. A ∪ C= ________
3. B ∪ C= ________
4. A ∪ B ∪ C = _______

Intersection of Sets

Consider R= {a, e, o, u} and S= {t, a, e k}. Take note that the elements a and e are common
to both sets R and S. If we designate a set to contain the common elements of two sets, then we have
P= {a, e}, called the intersection of sets R and S, written as “R ∩ S = P”.

G. If A = {b, a, d}, B+ {b, a, g}, C= {b, u, g}, find:

1. A ∩ B = __________
2. A ∩ C = __________
3. B ∩ C = __________
4. A ∩ B ∩ C = __________

Absolute Complement of a Set

Consider the operation of a set with universal set. The set whose elements belong to the universal
set, but does not belong to the given set, is called the absolute of the given set. Consider A= {a, b, c,
d, e}, B= {a, b, c}. The elements left in Set A are d, e. Thus, B 1= {d, e}.
 H. If A= {a}, B= {a, b}, C= {a, b, c} D= {a, b, c, d} find:
_________1. A1
_________2. B1
_________3. C1

Relative Complement of a Set

The relative complementation takes a given set in relation to another set. For example, if A=
{a, b, c, x, y, z} and B= {1, 2, 3, x, y, z}, then the relative complement of B, written as “A – B”
is the set {a, b, c}. It shows all the elements of A which are not elements of B. Similarly, B-A=
{1, 2, 3}

I. If A= {c, a, t}, B= {c, o, w}, C= {c, a, n}, find:

1. A-B= __________
2. B-A= __________
3. B-C=__________
4. C-B= __________
5. A-C= __________
6. C-A= __________

Brain Provokers

1. Write down the appropriate universal set for the following

a) { 1 }, { 1, 2, 5 }, { 2, 4, 5, 7 } ________________________
b) { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 ...}, { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ...} _____________________
2. Given that A = { 2, 5, 7, 8, 10 }, B = { 5, 7, 2, X, 10 } and A = B, write the value of X.
______________
3. a) How many subsets does A = {c, a, t} have? _______________
c) Can you make a generalization about the relationship between the number of elements in
a set and the number of subsets?

References:

Villano, Mupas, Degolacion, Chua (2012)

21st century Mathematics 7, Quezon City, Phoenix Publishing House Inc.
pp. 2-11

Modesto G. Villarin, Ed D (2016)

Skilll Book in Mathematics 7, Quezon City, St. Bernadette Publishing House Corp.
pp. 2-8