GALLEGO, HAZIEL JOY O.

OCTOBER 17, 2021

BSARCH 2A MATH 101C

ACTIVITY 7. PROBLEM SOLVING

A. Construct your own inductive and deductive reasoning statements. Give at least five
of each.

Inductive:

1. Red is the first lipstick I took from my purse. Red is the second lipstick I took from my
bag. Therefore, every lipstick in my purse is red.

2. My mum is a native of Ireland. Her hair is blond, and she wears it in a ponytail.
Therefore, all Irish people have blonde hair.

3. Most of our snowstorms originate from the north. It's beginning to snow outside. This
snowstorm must be coming in from the north.

4. Maximilian is a stray dog that has been adopted from a shelter. He seemed to be
content. Every dog in the shelter is content.

5. I have an orange fish as a pet. An orange fish belongs to one of my friends. Therefore,
all of the fish are orange.

Deductive:

1. Red is the first lipstick I took from my bag. All the lipsticks I have in my purse are
red. Therefore, the second lipstick I take out of my bag will also be red.

2. My mum is of Irish ancestry. Irish people have blond hair. My mother, as a result, has
blond hair.

3. The north is where all our snowstorms originate. The snow is beginning to fall. As a
result, the storm is moving northward.

4. Maximillian came from a shelter. All the dogs in the shelter are content. Therefore,
he's content.

5. Purple is the color of all the veggies. Lettuce is a type of green leafy vegetable.
Therefore, it is purple.

B. Solve the following problems using the Polya’s four-step Approach to Problem Solving.

1. Old McDonald has 250 chickens and goats in the barnyard. Altogether there are 760
feet . How many of each animal does he have?
Given: 250= goats + chickens

760 feet altogether

Let x= goats

y= chickens

760= 4x +2y

250= x+y

Sol’n:

𝑥 = 250 − 𝑦

760 = 4(250 − 𝑦) + 2𝑦

760 = 1000 − 4𝑦 + 2𝑦

760 = 1000 − 2𝑦

2𝑦 = 1000 − 760

240
𝑦=
2
𝑦 = 120

𝑥 = 250 − 𝑦

𝑥 = 250 − 120

𝑥 = 130

Therefore, goats (x)=130 and chickens (y)= 120

2. Karen is thinking of a number. If you double it, and subtract 7, you obtain 11. What is
Karen’s number?

Let x= number

2𝑥 − 7 = 11
2𝑥 = 11 + 7
2𝑥 = 18

18
𝑥=
2
𝑥=9

3. 1, 4, 9, 16 … find the next 2 numbers.

1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36

3 5 7 9 11

4. Christina is thinking of a number. If you multiply her number by 93, add 6, and divide
by 3, you obtain 436. What is her number?

Let x= number
𝑥(93)+6
= 436
3

93𝑥 + 6 = 436(3)

93𝑥 + 6 = 1308

93𝑥 = 1308 − 6

93𝑥 = 1302

1302
𝑥=
93
𝑥 = 14

C. Mathematical Induction

1. Which of the following is NOT a necessary consideration in using proof by

mathematical induction?

A. The statement involves positive integers.

B. The statement involves all real numbers

C. The statement involves infinite sequence

D. The validity of the statement could be verified for the first term
2. Which of the following states the base case or step in the proof by mathematical
induction?

A. Assume P(1) is true. C. Show that P(k+1) is true.

B. Assume P(k) is true. D. Show that P(1) is true.

3. Which of the following is a statement of the induction hypothesis?

A. Assume that P(1) is true. C. Show that P(1) is true.

B. Assume that P(k) is true. D. Show that P(1000) is true.

4. Which of the following is a necessary step in proving using mathematical induction?

A.Prove that P(n = k + n) is true.

B. Assume that P(n = k+1) is true.

C. Prove that P(n = 1) is true.

D. Assume that P(n = 1000) is true.

5. Suppose P(n) is a statement concerning a sequence of positive integers. If P(1) and P(k)
are true for any positive integer k, and we can show that the statement P(k+1) holds
true, is it safe to conclude that the statement P(n) holds true for any positive integer n?

A. Definitely no C. I am not sure

B. Maybe yes D. Definitely yes