Task 7: PHQA No.
3 – Validity
1. Define validity and cite one classroom illustration / example showing validity. Follow the matrix
below.
Meaning of Validity
Validity is the quality of data gathering
instrument which enables to measure what it is
supposed to measure. Validity refers to the
degree to which the test actually measures
what it claims to measure. Validity is also the
extent to which inferences, conclusions and
decisions made on the basis of test scores are
appropriate and meaningful. Validity also refers
to whether or not a test measures what it
intends to measure
2. Accomplish the following matrices.
A. Factors Affecting Validity
Factors affecting Validity
Factors in the test itself
Factors in test administration and scoring
Factors in pupil response
Nature of group
Classroom Example / Illustration
imagine a researcher who decides to measure
the intelligence of a sample of students. Some
measures, like physical strength, possess no
natural connection to intelligence. Thus, a test
of physical strength, like how many push-ups a
student could do, would be an invalid test of
intelligence.
How does each factor affect validity?
Each test consists of number of items with close
scrutiny. Tests the subject matter content only.
Some factors lower the validity. The unclear
direction, complicated vocabulary,inappropriate
level of difficulty, poorly constructed test
items,misinterpretation, test is too short and
improper arrangement of items.
The test administration and scoring procedures
may affect the interpretation of the results.
Teacher made test or standardized test are
conducted during the adverse physical and
psychological conditions, it may affect the
validity.
The economically disturbed students, lack of
student‘s motivation and student‘s fear of test
situation may ultimately affect the validity.
Validity is always specific to a particular group to
be measured. The nature of criterion
used is age, sex, ability level, educational and
cultural background influences the validity.
 B. Types of Validity
Types of Validity Definition
Content Validity Content validity refers to the
connections between the test
items and the subject-related
tasks. It is judged by the degree
of relationship between
diagnostics techniques and
achievements in curriculum
Construct validity Construct validity is the
relationship between the
results of a technique of
measurement and other
indicators of the characteristics
that are measured.
Criterion-related validity It referred to as instrumental
validity; it is used to
demonstrate the accuracy of a
measure or procedure by
comparing it with another
process or method which has
been demonstrated to be valid
Predictive validity Predictive validity refers to the
usefulness of a test in predicting
some future
performance. Predictive validity
is measured by the degree of
relationship between a
measured and subsequent
criteria measure of judgments.
Face validity Face validity is the
characteristics which appear to
measure those which are
actually sought to be measured.
It determined by a review of the
items and not through the use
of statistical analyses.
Concurrent validity Concurrent validity refers to the
Classroom Example / Illustration
if a test is designed to survey
arithmetic skills at a third-grade
level, content validity indicates
how well it represents the range
of arithmetic operations
possible at that level.
you might try to find out if an
educational program increases
emotional maturity in
elementary school age children.
Construct validity would
measure if your research is
actually measuring emotional
maturity.
a school could administer a
students personality test to its
them to see if there is an
overall correlation between
their test scores and a measure
of their productivity.
A conspicuous example is the
degree to which college
admissions test scores predict
college grade point average
(GPA).
a mathematical test consisting
of problems in which the test
taker has to add and subtract
numbers may be considered to
have strong face validity.
a group of education students
 usefulness of a test in closely
relating to measures or scores
on another test of known
validity.
take two final exams to assess
their knowledge. One exam is a
practical test and the second
exam is a paper test. If the
students who score well on the
practical test also score well on
the paper test, then concurrent
validity has occurred

C. Read examples of problems in computing the concurrent validity of the test. Then, provide
similar data. Lastly, compute the concurrent validity. Do not forget to analyze and interpret the
result.

D. Read examples of problems in computing the concurrent validity of the test. Then, provide
similar data. Lastly, compute the predictive validity. Do not forget to analyze and interpret the
result.